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The research represents the word building categories and types of nouns in the Gotze Delchev dialect. The material has been excerpted from the two dictionaries of member-correspondent Prof. K. Mirchev. They represent a very good foundation for research at this linguistic level since not only the lexical but also the word—building meaning of the words can be extracted from both the dictionary units of one word-building nest and from the well selected illustrative material to them. The material in the dictionaries provides the opportunity to present an almost complete picture of the word-building system of the nouns. The names of almost all word-building categories were found.
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The paper presents and analyses some word-formative materials including the suffix -иште from the dialects spoken throughout the Bulgarian territory. On the basis of the word-formative analysis some conclusions are drawn about the polyfunctionality of the suffix -иште, which has a wider semantic word-formative field in the dialects than in literary Bulgarian.
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The paper analyses composite nouns registered in the speech of the Gotse Delchev region. The composites fall into five word formative categories: nomina agentis, nomina instrumenti, nomina actionis et nomina resultativa, and nomina loci.
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In the work composites are analyzed with the first component vod(o) - inBulgarian, Russian and Polish dialects.
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In the work based on micro-historical approach, the problem of adaptation of classical academic culture to the conditions of formation of the Soviet society is shown in daily occurrence of provincial higher education institution. The students being brought up on demolition of eras and breaking a way of life which had been settled by centuries, start the conflict with the scientific and pedagogical intelligentsia. Jealous upholding of the university foundations testifies the firmness of such ritual in higher education institution as lecture and proves presence of academic freedom in a provincial university in the years of civil war. The intelligentsia not only keeps the intrinsic lines independent of time, but also involves young generation.
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The present collection comprises 73 medieval documents from the period between 716–1509 of various origins (Bulgarian, Byzantine, Ragusian, Genoese, German, Hungarian, Venetian, etc). They represent a great variety of sub-genres, sizes, as well as contents: ledgers, contracts and statute-books, notary and written agreements, labour contracts, sales certificates, price-lists, trade manuals, wages- sheets, receipts, etc. What they have in common is the fact they all belong to the business documentation of the Middle Ages. This collection of documents is a representation of the tangible and actual history in the utmost degree. Its significance from the point of view of a historical source is paramount since it is remarkable for its impartiality, authenticity and credibility. It is because of that it can be considered as being thoroughly reliable. The collection in question, apart from being meant to disclose the role of both accounting and the actual, as well as tangible consideration to the history of the Bulgarian and European Middle Ages, also communicates a number of activities, phenomena and processes to have taken place in the economic and commercial history. All too often, the documents it contains also come off as the most credible source of information for a number of events and activities making up the military and political, as well as diplomatic history. It also gives an idea of the currency units, length, weight and capacity measures, items of commerce, commodity circulation, and the dynamics of the economic relations. The book comes with a study on the accountancy and trade ledgers, introductory notes for each and every document, annotations, as well as a thesaurus. The editor hopes that medievalists and historians dealing with economics and commerce of the Middle Ages will benefit from its publication for it provides suitable, as well as reliable means to a fruitful and honest scientific research.
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The article studies the question of the presence of Tzar Samuil's death in Bulgarian historical science. The focus of the study is placed upon the texts of K. Jirecek, V. Zlatarski, P. Mutafchiev. The hypothesis of P. Mutafchiev that the death of the Bulgarian tzar was of fatal significance for the destiny of the First Bulgarian Empire has been revised. The author's observations lead to the conclusion that to Bulgarian historians tzar Samuil's death is a testimony for the moral supremacy of his personality.
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The article is devoted to the soviet resettlement policy and its implementation on the territory of the Kirov Region in 1945–1953. The author defines the content of the resettlement policy, emphasizing the problems of its implementation. The researcher has used various sources of Central and Regional archives: regulations about the Departments of rural resettlement, resolutions and decrees of central and local government bodies, resettlement plans, statistic papers, petitions from citizens, etc. Characteristics of the stages of resettlement process are given: recruitment, selection and registration of settlers; transportation of settlers; reception and employment. The causes of resettlement are highlighted (preferential policies, campaign events, family and personal circumstances, etc.). The article describes the major areas of migration processes during the post-war period: the incorporated territories and the territories that had to be developped (Kaliningrad Region, Sakhalin Region, Karelian Isthmus), as well as the Far East regions (Amur Region, Kamchatka Region, Primorskiy Kray). In 1945–1953 4038 families or 12 315 persons from the Kirov Region were sent as part of the planned rural resettlement (data are incomplete). In conclusion, the effects of the resettlement policy implementation for the donor Region are defined (social and economic, demographic, etc.).
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Changchun Automobile Plant No. 1 is known as the cradle of China’s automobile industry. It was the first automobile plant in the People’s Republic of China. The plant became the foundation for the car industry in the country. The scope of the work was so big that 26 Soviet design organizations and about 200 Soviet plants and factories were involved into the construction of the first car factory. Specialists from the USSR participated in the whole process of automobile plant construction. The plots for the plant were chosen, all facilities were designed, Soviet production technologies together with modern equipment were transferred. About 200 highly qualified specialists of the Moscow Automobile Plant named after Stalin were sent on a business trip to China. Today, FAW (First Automotive Works), established on the basis of the “Auto Plant No 1”, is the largest industrial group in China for the production of cars and other equipment. The research is based on the information obtained from Chinese sources and memories of the participants of the events. The article is focused on the role played by the individuals in the construction of one of the largest industrial enterprises of the Northeast of China.
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This article presents a study of daily life of the Soviet elite, the leading people of the Leningrad City Council (P. F. Ladanov, N. I. Smirnov) and the Leningrad Regional Council (I. P. Petrov, V. N. Ponomarev, G. I. Vorobyov) in 1950–1956. A historical analysis of emotions makes it possible to rethink the era by answering such questions as: Whom the Soviet elite did love, and whom did they fear during the period of late Stalinism and the beginning of the “Khrushchev thaw”? What was the official behavior of a state leader? How and under what circumstances did non-politicized emotions arise? The study is based on sources of a personal origin: materials of official speeches, published and unpublished reports, materials of personnel files (including autobiographies), photo documents and sound documents, and memoirs of contemporaries. Additionally, office documents (transcripts of meetings, plenums, meetings, council sessions) deposited in the archives of St. Petersburg and Moscow associated with the activities of local government in Leningrad and the oblast were studied. The period 1950–1956 was when new, loyal managers were appointed to “empty” posts after the Leningrad Affair. One of the main tasks that confronted them in the first period was completing work on identifying “anti-party” elements in their ranks. In the leadership structures there was an atmosphere of suspicion and denunciation. Finally, tracing aspects of the transformation of these leading cadres at the beginning of the Thaw provides curious insights.
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The article discusses new trends in the study of the history of Murmansk and the development of Euro-Arctic region. Material for historiographic analysis were the results of the scientific conference “Murman and the Russian Arctic: past, present, future”, held from 26 to 28 September 2016 in the Murmansk Arctic State University. During the conference there was discussed a wide range of issues of history, ethnology, archeology of the Kola North. But the main focus of the conference was the history and development of Murmansk and the Euro-Arctic region in the XX century. Raised questions allow to speak about formation of new directions in the study of the history of the city. These include projects for the development of “socialist” Murmansk, “places of memory” of the city — the lost and surviving, the demographics and social structure, social infrastructure development, the contribution of engineers in the development of the town, and several others. Self-direction in work of the conference was the consideration of the provisions of the unequal groups premilitary Murmansk, and also the fate of Norwegians and Finns, who lived in the Murmansk region and subjected to repressions in the 1930s. Become relevant on the issues of development of transport communications in the Euro-Arctic region and the role of Murmansk in their organization. So, attention was drawn to the role of the Murmansk (Kirov) railroad in the development of a transport hub in the period before the great Patriotic war, the projects of the organization of the Northern sea route in the post-revolutionary period, the role of Russian-Norwegian trade in the economic development of Murman.
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The article is devoted to the latest Ukrainian historiography of the Judicial Reform of 1864. It is noted that in Ukrainian literature of recent years, attention has been paid to the implementation of the Judicial Reform on the lands that are part of modern Ukraine. In both Russian and Ukrainian historical literature, the Judicial Reform of 1864 received only a positive assessment.
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The Modern Greek state was established in 1830. In the period immediately after the establishment of the modern Greek nation state, Greece was institutionalized by the powerful European patrons, whose goal was to control the wider southeast Mediterranean region. However, this was neither the beginning, nor the end of the process of building the Greek nation and national identity. In the 19th and early-20th centuries, Greek nationalism was particularly susceptible to change. The ideological background of Greek nationalism played an important part in “proving” the Greek character of Ottoman Macedonia. The national myth created was of great help and used alongside other propaganda activities, especially the armed activities during the Greek “Macedonian struggle”. The final goal was to be in accordance with Greek foreign politics—the Megali Idea, i.e. the annexation of Macedonia within the Kingdom of Greece and incorporation of the majority of the Macedonian Orthodox population into the Greek nation state.
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The aim of this work is not be exhaustive, but merely a subjective show the history of military formationsexisting in the years 1915-1917 he was the Third Brigade of the Polish Legions. On the basis of archival materialsand scientific literature the author presents the constitution of the unit, which played an important role in the strugglefor Polish independence in the First World War. The work is presented in both aspects of the purely military and politicalbackground related to the struggle for Polish Legions character. Initially, the author puts forward for considerationa preliminary reflection. Then present the formation of Polish organization of shooting in Galicia. In the next partdiscusses the circumstances surrounding the creation and the beginnings of the Polish Legions and the genesis of the ThirdBrigade of the Polish Legions. At the end of the focuses its attention on uniforms and equipment Legions
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The Saints Cyril and Methodius Bulgarian High School in Ottoman Salonica (contemporary Thessaloniki) was the foundation from which the education in the Bulgarian Exarchate in the Ottoman Empire drew strength. It offered pedagogical courses (1887 – 1896) and trade courses (from 1899 onwards), which developed into a trade department that span off as an independent trade high school in 1908. The teachers at the Salonica High School were undoubtedly the best staff of the Bulgarian education at the time, outstanding individuals, prominent in the social and political life, professing different ideas and finding it hard to obey authority. Over the 30 years of its existence the Salonica Boys’ High School experienced glorious moments and decline, riots and scandals, internal fights and transformations, but it remained the most well-known Bulgarian educational institution in Ottoman Macedonia.
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By the end of the 19 century the Macedonian revolutionary movement has seen substantial growth under the leadership of the IMRO. In this period IMRO started to arm itself. These activities attracted the attention of the Ottoman authorities, which took serious measures to eliminate the Macedonian revolutionary movement. As a result of these measures, in January 1901 the Ottomans found certain illegal activists of the IMRO. The authorities started series of investigations which eventually resulted with a trial. Even the members of the IMRO Central Committee were convicted. The defendants were sentenced for actions against the integrity of the Ottoman Empire, with a final goal: “establishment of an independent Macedonian state” or “setting up an autonomous authority in Macedonia”. This event, named “The Saloniki Affair”, left long term consequences on the future development of the Macedonian revolutionary movement.
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In the Austro-Hungarian Empire Sombor was the centre of the Bačka Bodrog County or the centre of administration, economy and culture of a broader region, whose greater part presently occupies the territory of Western Bačka. The town housed a significant number of Serbian intellectuals gathered around civil publication print and Preparatory School – the Teacher Training School that had already cherished the tradition for more than a century. Bearing this in mind, Hungarian authorities were trying to prevent any form of national emancipation by the means of rigid political and military measures during the war. The last war months were characterized by ebullitions within the corpus of the Serbs and Bunjevci whose motive was deliberation from the power of the Monarchy and unity with the Kingdom of Serbia. In the beginning of November 1918, the National Assembly of the Serbs and Bunjevci was founded. The Assembly welcomed the Serbian army and by their support took over the civil administration over the former county. By doing so they prevented the occurrence of dual rule which could produce national and political complications. Among other citizens of Sombor who deserved credit for this project, Jovan Joca Lalošević and Antun Bošnjak were the most meritorious. Delegated representatives of the town of Sombor gave significant support in the work and organization of the Great Peoples Assembly, which aimed at uniting Vojvodina (Banat, Bačka and Baranja) with the Kingdom of Serbia. Lalošević was heavily engaged in composing of the Assembly resolution that promoted the broadest democratic principles and national differences in order to present the foundation of the new state in the light of a responsible project which would not repeat negative discriminative experience of the multinational AustroHungarian Monarchy. Joca Lalošević was the president of the National Government which carried out the complete Vojvodina administration takeover. The significance of Sombor and its men of national push and go could be seen in the fact that the King Aleksandar Karađorđević paid a visit to the town in order to express his gratitude to Sombor citizens and the role they played in the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
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In this paper the sun used in territorial vexillology in Macedonia is categorized in 5 types. In the territorial vexillology, the armiger is a territory or a settlement, and this is closely related to the system of administrative division. In 2013 the number of municipalities in the Republic of Macedonia is 80 plus the City of Skopje with special status, which is comprised of 10 so called City Municipalities, that retain their status as the other ones. The majority of municipal flags and Coat of Arms are received through public competition, resulting in flags of one or two colors with applied landscape “Arms” as in the practice of the socialist period. The most common symbol of municipal Coats of Arms and thus on the flags is the sun. There are few flags which do not have the Coat of Arms applied but still have a sun. Solar motifs are found in archaeological findings and traditional ornaments, indicating the continued existence of a venerating the sun which as a symbol appears on the Arms, flag and in the anthem of the Republic of Macedonia. In the municipal Arms and flags in the Republic of Macedonia, there are 5 types of sun used: 1. Sun without rays; 2. Heraldic sun; 3. Sun with divergent rays; 4. Sun with convergent rays and 5. Sun of Vergina type. Of 81 municipalities in Macedonia, 79 have flags, 34 or 43% contain sun emblem, by types: 1. Sun without rays (4 flags); 2. Heraldic sun (1); 3. Sun with divergent rays (11); 4. Sun with convergent rays (8) and 5. Sun of Vergina type (4) On 18 or 53% of the flags, the sun is raising and is part of the landscape, while 15 flags sun is amblem.
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