ON A FEW CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE IRON AGE IN THE NORTHEASTERN REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

Author(s): Dejan Gjorgjievski / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2016

Most of the Late Bronze Age settlements in the northeastern region of the Republic of Macedonia were devastated or destroyed at the end of the Bronze Age (especially the ones near the main communications) by incursions from Central Europe. The newly-formed or rebuilt settlements contain elements suggesting presence of northern cultures. However, the dominant element was still the autochthonous population. The stamped pottery decorated with different motifs was the main characteristic of their material culture in the Early Iron Age. The evolution of that pottery continued in the Iron Age as well, and it clearly outlined the territory of its occurrence. It is a group of pottery that has most similarities in the ornaments with the region between Osogovo and the Upper Struma area, and it can be easily distinguished from the Lower Vardar pottery. On some other aspects of material and non-material culture it can be concluded that a culture group existed during the Iron Age in the northeastern region of the Republic of Macedonia, which was very different from the Paionian culture in the south.

ЕДИН НЕОБИЧАЕН СЪД ОТ РАННАТА ЖЕЛЯЗНА ЕПОХА ОТ СЕЛО ПОЛСКИ ГРАДЕЦ

Author(s): Krassimir Nikov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 21/2016

The paper focuses on the ceramic fragments from an Early Iron Age pit found in the course of explorations in the Gradishteto locality near the village of Polski Gradets, Stara Zagora region. The fragments are of handmade vessels and approximately half of them have technological characteristics of wheel-turned grey monochrome vessels. The peculiarity of the set stems from an almost entirely preserved vessel: a cup that has no parallels among Early Iron Age ceramic finds in Thrace. Analogous vessels are found in monochrome grey ceramic vessels in Aeolia (Smyrna, Mytilene, Larissa, etc.). The similarities in the morphology and the identical dimensions presuppose that a concrete prototype had been followed when the vessel was made and its shape did not acquire popularity with the subsequent adoption of that pottery in Thrace. On the basis of the other fragments of vessels found in the pit the production of the cup can be dated after the 8th century BC, which is confirmed by the dating of the parallels from Aeolia as well. That shape, which is not found in the repertoire of the grey monochrome ceramics penetrating into Thrace, probably reflected an early stage that still lacked imports of wheel-turned vessels into the interior of the lands. It is possible that this was a case of borrowing or reproduction of a prototype seen elsewhere (in Troy or in some of the colonies along the Northern Aegean coast).

BECOMING MODERN: NORTH AEGEAN THRACIAN COMMUNITIES ADOPTING WHEEL-MADE CERAMICS

Author(s): Petya Ilieva / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2016

The second half of the 8th and the early 7th century BC appear to be the time when the Thracian communities inhabiting the Northern Aegean littoral went through significant transformations. The material manifestation of the novelties in lifestyle during that period is best visible through the changes in ceramics. In this paper I explore the introduction of G 2-3 Ware as evidence of cultural transformations which took place among the Thracian communities. Various sites as case-studies are considered and aspects of its repertory of shapes, distribution and consumption are discussed. I focus on comparing the evidence from the pre-colonial levels registered in several coastal sites located between the lower courses of the rivers Strymon and Hebros. Many of the native communities got involved in a dynamic exchange with their neighbours from the Thermaic Gulf and the Chalcidice Peninsula to the west and with those from the eastern corner of the Aegean basin from the mid-8th century BC onwards. As a consequence, many of the Thracians living along the Aegean coast of Thrace were already using fine, wheel-made, painted tablewares for the needs of the cult, as well as in domestic context by the late 8th/early 7th century BC.

Рилският конгрес от 1905 г. и кризата във ВМОРО по сръбски дипломатически документи

Author(s): Slavi Slavov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Rila general congress is one of the most important events in the history of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). Although the Congress has accumulated an impressive amount of literature, due to the absence of minutes of its meetings, there are still many uncertainties about its work and decisions.

Спомени на Петър Пандов за дейността му като четник на ВМРО през 20-те години на ХХ век

Author(s): Svetlozar Eldarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Меморандум на Форин офис за отношенията между цар Борис ІІІ и ВМРО

Author(s): Dimitar Mitev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Участието на Пейо Яворов в Балканската война

Author(s): Ivan Markov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Елдъров, Светлозар. Четническата акция на Македонския комитет 1895. С., Народно читалище „Кузман Шапкарев – 2009“, 2015, 174 стр. с ил., ISBN 978-954-92400-3-0

Author(s): Todor Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

DINAMICA ECONOMIEI AGRICOLE DIN MOLDOVA OGLINDITĂ ÎN IZVOARELE VEACURILOR XIV–XVII

Author(s): George-Aurelian Bilavschi / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2013

The present article contains a thorough analysis of the medieval rural world of the Eastern Carpathian area. Such an article meets the necessity of an enlarged database, as it takes into consideration information provided by foreign travelers, by chroniclers and chronographers, as well as by simple clerks, scribes and copyists. By corroborating disparate and often anachronistic or confusing data, the author points out agrarian aspects, directions and methods used by local medieval communities of Moldavia. Special aspects of interest are the evolution of agricultural technologies and of specific implements, the development of work relationships (in both craftsmanship and commerce) and of social-legal regulations, etc. The historical background, as determined by the political and military context of the epoch, became a decisive factor for state individualization in the area between the Carpathians and the Nistru (Dniester). The repeated invasions, the conflicts with nomadic populations and with the armies of neighboring states, as well as climatic variations, epidemics and natural disasters, all influenced the rate of economic development of the Moldavian state. In other words, under the impact of the above-mentioned factors, the dynamics of agrarian economy displayed stages of involution, but also of real progress, when the Moldavian territory became a market, a place of storage and a source of raw materials for most of the neighboring states.

Razumijevanje pojma genocida u djelu Arnea Johana Vetlsena

Author(s): Rasim Muratović / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

The 20th century is behind us, the century in which millions of people were killed in one of the biggest crimes against humanity and international law – crime of genocide. Literally speaking, several people were killed every minute – due to different national, ethnic, racial, religious, political, and ideological reasons, or in other words just because they belonged to a different group as such. These murders were committed in course of implementation of certain political or military agendas, interpreted as something good. The good that leads to a bigger evil.The notion of evil has been for long, in sociology, even in philosophy,at the bottom of any interest. However, the notion itself as well as the entire phenomenon of evil has seen lately its ”renaissance”.Evil, regardless whether expressed largely or not has a huge group of enormous causes. Many theories of evil see infliction of pain as cause, or in other words that the evil is purpose for itself. That is the form of the so-called demonic evil, but this form is not dominant. Demonic sort of evil leads to it that the problem of evil becomes irrelevant for understanding, so that we see ourselves as devils. Evil is not unconditionally devil’s deed, and the proof of this is that majority of executioners are ordinary people, free of any specific sadistic dispositions.In all cases of genocide, they were all crimes against humanity and international law, committed mainly by ordinary people who had no sadistic tendencies. It is also true that these activities attracted a number of individuals who enjoyed in pervert satisfaction to ill-treat others.

Poricanje (posljednja faza) genocida u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Muamer Džananović / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

Insulting the victims didn’t stop not even twenty years after by denial of genocide that was proven to have happened. Denial of genocide is not the thing of one individual; it is about very well planned political program, which is clear from the entire process of genocide that was committed. Deniers of genocide against Bosniaks, are both, domestic and regional as well as international actors, who denies genocide systematically and institutionally.Of course in addition of justifying their actions and insulting the victims, a very important segment of the act of denial, is preparing for the new genocide. Every genocide that is committed against Bosniaks is negated.Considering that the crime of genocide is repeating against over Bosniaks more than two centuries, and the science of Bosnia and Herzegovina didn’t clearly and precisely determine cause of this appearance, describe her consequences,it is reasonable to ask a question if this is not a first genocide and the causes of it are not removed, is this supposition that it is not the last one.According to Dr. Gregory H. Stanton genocide is evaluating in eight phases. Dr. Santon in 2012 on these eight phases added two more:discrimination and persecution, but still the last phase of the genocide is denial of it. With this work accent will be put on the last phase, that actually the title itself highlights and there is no need to explain the attitude of order and number of phases. Dr. Santon in 2012 on these eight phases added two more: discrimination and persecution, but still the last phase of the genocide is denial of it. With this work accent will be put on the last phase, that actually the title itself highlights and there is no need to explain the attitude of order and number of phases.

Četnički zločini protiv čovječnosti i međunarodnog prava na području općine Višegrad

Author(s): Ermin Kuka / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

Crimes against Humanity and International Law in Višegrad Municipality have their historical genesis and constant. Višegrad is, due to its geographical, and strategic location, the capital of Serbian great state ideology, policy and practice, especially because of the proximity of neighboring Serbia and Montenegro. In Višegrad, Chetniks carried out numerous individual and mass crimes, including the crime of genocide as the gravest forms of crimes against humanity and international law. The main hypothesis of the paper is that in the Višegrad area, throughout history, been carried out numerous crimes against humanity and international law against the Bosniak population, including the crime of genocide, all with the goal of creating an ethnically pure Serbian area. Mentioned hypothesis corroborated by numerous and relevant facts chronologically elaborated in the work, as well as the relevant scientific documents and sources, as well as the final court judgment of the ICTY and the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina perpetrators of the crimes. The main goal of this paper is to introduce a wider and narrower social public on the scope, characteristics and scale, as well as the consequences of the crimes committed against Bosniaks in the Višegrad area.

Procesuiranje genocida u Bosni i Hercegovini pred međunarodnim, domaćim i inostranim sudovima

Author(s): Vedad Gurda / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2015

The subject matter of this research paper is the crime of genocide as the “crime of crimes”, its legal elements and prosecution in Bosnia and Herzegovina before various judicial forums. The author gives an overview of relevant judicial decisions of international judicial bodies such as the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice, as well as decisions of national courts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Germany ensued from criminal proceedings instituted against a number of persons and states as the subjects of public law. It is well-known to professional and general public that the international,as well as the national courts of Bosnia and Herzegovina have qualified the atrocities of apocalyptic proportions perpetrated in Srebrenica in July 1995 as the crime - the criminal offence of genocide. However, on the sidelines of international and domestic collective memory has remained the fact that the German courts on the basis of universal jurisdiction have established that the crime of genocide had been committed in other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina - in Doboj, Kotor Varoš, Osmaci near Zvornik and Foca. Besides, this paper analyzes the constituting legal elements of this crime primarily on the basis of jurisprudence of the international and national courts of the above referred countries, thereby advocating the need for a reinterpretation of certain elements of genocide vis-à-vis the accepted jurisprudence of mentioned courts, and offering the proposals for the novel legal definition of genocide.

Razumijevanje pojma genocida u djelu Arnea Johana Vetlsena

Author(s): Rasim Muratović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2015

The 20th century is behind us, the century in which millions of people were killed in one of the biggest crimes against humanity and international law – crime of genocide. Literally speaking, several people were killed every minute – due to different national, ethnic, racial, religious, political, and ideological reasons, or in other words just because they belonged to a different group as such. These murders were committed in course of implementation of certain political or military agendas, interpreted as something good. The good that leads to a bigger evil.The notion of evil has been for long, in sociology, even in philosophy,at the bottom of any interest. However, the notion itself as well as the entire phenomenon of evil has seen lately its ”renaissance”.Evil, regardless whether expressed largely or not has a huge group of enormous causes. Many theories of evil see infliction of pain as cause, or in other words that the evil is purpose for itself. That is the form of the so-called demonic evil, but this form is not dominant. Demonic sort of evil leads to it that the problem of evil becomes irrelevant for understanding, so that we see ourselves as devils. Evil is not unconditionally devil’s deed, and the proof of this is that majority of executioners are ordinary people, free of any specific sadistic dispositions.In all cases of genocide, they were all crimes against humanity and international law, committed mainly by ordinary people who had no sadistic tendencies. It is also true that these activities attracted a number of individuals who enjoyed in pervert satisfaction to ill-treat others.

Проф. д.ист.н. Величко Георгиев (1931 – 2015)

Author(s): Valery Kolev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Радоева, Снежана. Димитър Ризов – от Битоля до Берлин (1862 – 1918). София, Издателство „Парадигма“, 2014, 255 стр. с ил.

Author(s): Svetlozar Eldarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Luka in the late 19th century (historical, geographical and ethnological research)

Author(s): Rusmir Djedović / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

This paper presents a brief overview of the historical and geographical characteristics of Luka. In particular, we give a detailed analysis of urban-geographic characteristics of the village in the late 19th century. We give detailed information about the parts of the village, homes, families and important urban facilities. The description of the general appearance of the village Luka in the late 19th century is given at the end. The work is based on so far unused sources from the late 19th century (land registry books, cadastral maps, topographic maps). We used the scant literature about Luka, as well as lists of the population of the study period. All are complemented by field research and interviews with local residents.

UN TEZAUR DE MONEDE MOLDOVENEŞTI DE LA ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI AL XVI-LEA ÎN LEGĂTURĂ CU ÎNFIINŢAREA MĂNĂSTIRII ARMENEŞTI „ADORMIREA MAICII DOMNULUI – HAGIGADAR” DIN APROPIEREA ORAŞULUI SUCEAVA

Author(s): Monica Dejan / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2013

The article presents some information about the foundation of the Armenian monastery Assumption of the Virgin – Hagigadar near Suceava, and about its founder, Drăgan Dănovac. The archaeological investigation made there in 2010, unearthed a hoard of seven Moldavian coins issued under Bogdan III (1504–1517). The presence of this hoard was linked with the start of the building site, probably between 1511 and 1512. Drăgan Dănovac, an Armenian merchant, lived in Suceava in the first half of the 16th century. His name was recorded in documents that reflect a series of legal disputes between the Armenian community of Suceava and Saint Elias’ Monastery about a landed property in the 17th and 18th centuries.

LEGATY NA RZECZ BRACTW KOŚCIELNYCH W SZADKU W LATACH 50-TYCH XIX WIEKU

Author(s): Piotr Szkutnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2016

In the Old Polish period, several religious fraternities were formed in the Roman-Catholic parish in Szadek. The parishioners who were interested in active participation in various forms of religious cult set up fraternities, which was an expression of the need for integration within the local community. Religious fraternities received funds from donors to finance their activities. In the 1850s, the Fraternity of the Rosary received legacies in the last wills of the donors to say Masses for the peace of their souls. The legacies were recorded in the form of notarial acts by Szadek registrars. These documents are yet another source of knowledge about the history of Church in Szadek.

Naselje Luka krajem 19. stoljeća ( Historijsko-geografska i etnološka istraživanja)

Author(s): Rusmir Djedović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2014

This paper presents a brief overview of the historical and geographical characteristics of Luka. In particular, we give a detailed analysis of urban geographic characteristics of the village in the late 19th century. We give detailed information about the parts of the village, homes, families and important urban facilities. The description of the general appearance of the village Luka in the late 19th century is given at the end. The work is based on so far unused sources from the late 19th century (land registry books, cadastral maps, topographic maps). We used the scant literature about Luka, as well as a lists of the population of the study period. All are complemented by field research and interviews with local residents.