A BÁCSKAI BÚCSÚJÁRÁS ELSŐ KUTATÓJA

Bálint Sándor népi vallásosságkutató emlékére

Author(s): István Silling / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2020

In his key piece on the national religion given in the three volumes of the Festive Calendar, Sandor Balint (1904–1980) paid little attention to the sacred tradition of present-day Vojvodina. The only exception is the ritual practice in the surroundings of Szeged. His first study of our area was published in the Catholic Review in 1942 among the sources of Catholic folk life in the South. Especially because of the inspiration given by the knowledge of medieval Hungarian piety, and at the same time the most inspiring source of Catholic rebirth in southern Bacska in the eighteenth century, which would like to highlight the role and influence of rural celebrations in organizing the community." In his work, Balint focused most on rural celebrations and pilgrimages, as he did in his second, slightly shorter dissertation, entitled Bacska Shrines which deals only with material from Bacska and appeared in the April 1943 issue of Kalangya. In this article, Sandor Balint really deals only with the theme of rural celebrations in Bacska and a brief history of pilgrimage sites mostly with Vodice in the north of Bacska, less frequently with Doroszlo, and he barely even mentions Bacs, as well as Ruski Krstur which is the pilgrimage site of Greek Orthodox Vojvodina, and he only mentions Srem in relation to the chapel of the Snow Blessed Virgin in Tekia. There is no mention of the miraculous water in Bunarić near Subotica. However, in the Holiday Calendar of our researcher we can find other notes concerning the territory of present-day Vojvodina.

A Balassa család konyhája és konyhai eszközei a kora újkortól a 19. század közepéig

Author(s): Balázs Füreder / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2018

Documents related to alimentary history can be divided into three major groups with regard to the Balassa family. The first contains account books and the purchasing lists. The second group is constituted by the inventories, and the third by those family letters that concern gastronomical issues. Seventeenth and eighteenth century sources mainly deal with the equipment of the kitchen, and occasionally with its arrangement. Nineteenth century documents clearly attest that the medieval open range had definitively disappeared from the family kitchens by the middle of the century.

A Bloodthirsty Tyrant or a Righteous Landlord? Smail-aga Čengić in Literature and Oral Tradition

Author(s): Aleksandar Pavlović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The 1840 murder of a notable 19th century Bosnian dignitary Smail-aga Čengić immediately inspired strong artistic production in the South Slav literature and oral tradition. These narratives, comprising newspaper articles, oral epic songs, and particularly Ivan Mažuranić’s literary epics written in the manner of oral folk epic, presented and codified Smail-aga as a bloodthirsty tyrant whose ultimate aim was to terrorize and extinct his Christian subjects. In distinction, some marginalized local narratives and oral folk tradition, which will be examined in this article, remembered Smail-aga as a righteous and merciful lord, protector of his flock and a brave warrior. Thus, when we scrutinize several versions of oral songs about the death of Smail-aga recorded between 1845 and 1860, as well as later collected anecdotes from his native Herzegovina, it appears that his hostile portrayal in written literature was rather the contribution of the Serbian and Croatian Romantic nationalists around the mid-19th-century than an actual popular perception of him among local people in the region that he lived with. In conclusion, the article advocates for a wider consideration of the overall polyphonic narrative tradition and the revitalization of traditional narratives that glorify values which transcend strict religious, ethnic and national divisions as a way of reimagining and revaluating relationship of the South Slavs towards the Ottoman heritage.

A BOOK REVIEW OF POTRIANONSKÉ KOŠICE

Author(s): Dana Kušnírová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Review of: FICERI, Ondrej. Potrianonské Košice. Premeny etnických identít obyvateľov Košíc v medzivojnovom Československu [Košice Post-Trianon. Ethnic Identity Changes of Inhabitants of Košice in Interwar Czechoslovakia]. Bratislava: VEDA, Vydavateľstvo SAV, 2019, 336 pp. ISBN 978-80-224-1737-2

A BRIEF OVERVIEW ON CRAIOVA BUSINESSES IN THE FIRST THREE DECADES OF THE XXTH CENTURY. LESS KNOWN FOREIGN MERCHANTS

Author(s): Narcisa Maria Mitu / Language(s): English Issue: XXII/2021

In this study I present a few commercial units owned by Jews and other foreigners, and those units in which they had legal status as counterpart or associate and how they developed their activity in Craiova, in the first three decades of the XXth century, the chronologic upper line being the world economic crisis (1929–1933). For this purpose I used the information found in archive funds as well as those published in the Official Monitor in the above mentioned period. My object is to identify less popular merchants, reason for I left out those who stood out in the history as a significant presence in the social-economic dynamic of town: Samitca, Benvenusti, Eschenasy, Mendel, Baruch, Nachmanson, etc

A bull’s-head rhyton from the Museum of Tarsus in Cilicia, southern Turkey

Author(s): Ergün LaflΙ / Language(s): English Issue: XXIX/2020

The terracotta rhyton in the form of a bull’s head presented in this brief communication, dated most probably to the 1st century BC, is of unknown provenance, in the collection of the Museum of Tarsus since 1973. It is in very good condition and shows an admirable level of craftsmanship. Rhyta were ceremonial vessels that had taken on a votive function in the Hellenistic period when they were frequently deposited in the tombs as part of the grave goods.

A Case Study of Jan Kvačala. Essay on the Religious Studies in the Russian Empire

Author(s): Dmitriy Weber / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The article is devoted to the scientific heritage of Jan Kvačala (1862-1934) on the history of religion. Kvačala’s professional activities cover several fields of knowledge, but he was mainly a historian. He is known for his research on the lives of such personalities as Jan Amos Comenius and Jan Hus. In 1885 Jan Kvačala received his doctorate in philosophy from his dissertation on Jan Amos Comenius. Kvačala began his lecturing and research activities in 1886 as a doctor of philosophy at the University of Leipzig. Since 1893, he has been a Doctor of Theology at the University of Vienna. In 1893, he began to teach at the University of Dorpat (Tartu). Up to 1918 he taught such disciplines as the history of the church, dogmatics, symbolism, philosophy and led a historical seminar. In the same year, he held the post of Dean of the Faculty of Theology and headed the transfer of the Faculty from Tartu to Voronezh, where the University was evacuated due to the events of the First World War. After working until 1920, he returned to Slovakia. There he became a professor at Bratislava High School of Theology. After the end of the contract, Jan Rodomil Kvačala moved to Vienna, where he died on June 9, 1934. Jan Kvačala’s research during his work at the University of Tartu was aimed, on the one hand, at studying the ideas of Jan Hus in the context of religious processes from the 13th-14th centuries, and on the other hand, at the importance of his contribution for national history.

A cincea mineriadă (18-22 ianuarie 1999). Două perspective jurnalistice

Author(s): Ruxandra Cesereanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2002

A cincea mineriadă, din 1999, este cel mai vizibil rodul narcisismului şi grandomaniei liderului sindical Miron Cozma, care o instrumentează pentru a-şi camufla statutul de infractor cu mai multe procese pe rol, dar şi pentru a-şi consolida o viitoare poziție politică. Perspectiva Puterii şi aceea a Opoziției, însă, diferă față de mineriadele anterioare. În 1999, Puterea aparținea fostei Opoziții (din timpul mineriadelor anterioare), adică alianței CDR, USD şi UDMR, iar Opoziția era reprezentată de fosta Putere, adică de PDSR, secondată de PUNR şi PRM. Perspectiva Puterii va fi redată de ziarul România liberă. În ce priveşte perspectiva Opoziției în 1999, aceasta va fi înfățişată prin săptămînalul România Mare, oficiosul extremistului partid cu acelaşi nume, condus de Corneliu Vadim Tudor. Cum implicarea politică a acestuia a fost dovedită în mineriada din ianuarie 1999, Miron Cozma fiind “aghiotantul” său, România Mare a incitat direct minerii la revoltă, pentru a profita în cazul în care ar fi izbutit râvnita lovitură de stat. Ion Iliescu şi PDSR, deşi au susținut moral şi ideologic mineriada din 1999, se vor feri, totuşi, de o implicare vizibilă în răzmerița minerilor şi, la limită, chiar de alianța cu PRM.Autoarea reface prin analiza presei două perspective jurnalistice asupra unui fenomen de istorie contemporană care a adus violența primitivă în trecutul foarte recent a unei Românii, derutate, traumatizate, reamintind din nou, dacă mai era cazul, de excepția românească, aflată într-o gravă dificultate de a găsi rețete non-violente în tranziția de la comunism la o societate deschisă, democratică. Analizând cele două perspective radical opuse, studiul oferă o viziune complexă asupra unui fenomen controversat din istoria recentă a României, oferind eşantioane convingătoare despre curentele de opinie şi despre confuzia valorilor dintr-o societate încă nevindecată de traumele totalitarismului comunist şi fracturile etice şi axiologice existente în ceea ce putem numi, o Românie profundă. În acelaşi timp sunt analizate mecanismele manipulării propagandistice ale mineriadei, în scopul obținerii unui profit politic sau în scopul exonerării de grave responsabilități a liderilor.

A comparative perspective on the oath of a new burgher

Author(s): Hana Komárková / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The role of immigration in the life of the late medieval and early modern town was important . A key part of this process (and best captured in the sources of urban origin) was the integration of a new burgher into existing urban social and economic structures . Like most of the power-economic relations of this time, the individual-burgher relation-ship to the group was based on mutual guarantees confirmed by an oath taken by a newly-accepted member . The essay will focus on the relevance and usability of early modern and modern codifications of urban oaths to explore the development of urban structures in the late Middle Ages and Early Modernity . It will also focus on comparing the content of the oath of the new burgher both in the general context of the oaths used in the urban environment and in the context of the specific development of the urban community in the area under consideration (Silesian and north Moravian towns based on Magdeburg rights) compared to the situation in the Western part of Holy Roman Empire.

A dél-alföldi szlovák települések pártpreferenciáinak vizsgálata (1931–1947)

Author(s): Attila Godzsák / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2021

This paper presents the first results of a larger study. The research attempts to examine the party preferences and attitudes of Slovaks in Hungary, especially focusing on 1939, as it is demonstrably different from that of other national minorities, and where it does not differ, we can find that we cannot speak about ethnic-based voting in their case. The research uses the methodologies of political geography and election research. As this study is the first one on the research, it presents the methodological bases and publications that can be considered as research antecedents conducted by others. It also attempts to analyse the 1939 election results of the Slovak diaspora in the Southern Great Planes, and, as a control, it also examines the elections of 1931, 1935, 1945 and 1947, comparing the results of the two constituencies inhabited in part by Slovak population with the results of municipalities with Slovak majority population and with the national results.The first results already include unexpected data beyond the margin of error that require further examination.

A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF JANISSARY SOCIO-ECONOMIC PRESENCE IN ALEPPO (1700-1760S)

Author(s): Yahya Araz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Focusing on the Janissaries, and covering a period between the early eighteenth century and the 1760s, this study draws on preliminary findings from the Aleppo court records in order to highlight their roles in that city’s socio-economic life. Most of the Janissaries of Aleppo and their families came to the city from the surrounding countryside; they tried to survive and earned their livelihood as ordinary townsmen, a process that signaled their integration into the urban fabric. This process manifested itself in their relations with other social groups, their conglomeration in specific quarters, and their increasing capacity to diffuse into other areas and expand their economic activities. This expansion, however, resulted in a conflict between their interests and those of the eşraf/ashraf, who consisted of members of established merchant families, religious dignitaries, and other people who claimed to be descendants of the Prophet. The competing interests of the two groups, especially after the 1760s, were destined to reshape the role of the Janissaries in Aleppo as well as their interactions with other social groups. These confrontations also strengthened the solidarity and esprit de corps among the Janissaries, who had until then preferred to distinguish themselves by their ethnic, tribal, and country-based affiliations

A group of early Roman lamps from Chhîm, Lebanon: preliminary research on shapes, fabric and provenance

Author(s): Małgorzata Kajzer / Language(s): English Issue: XXIX/2020

The early Roman oil lamps from recent excavations by a Polish team in Chhîm constitute a significantly fragmented group. Macroscopic analysis of fabrics, combined with a typological study and complemented by iconographic research wherever applicable, revealed similarities between these lamps and similar finds from the Levant. The fabric underscores a production continuity from the Hellenistic period and reveals similarities with a regional semi-fine ware. The collected data suggest the Southern Phoenician coast as a potential center of production.

A Hoard of 12th Century Byzantine Coins

Author(s): Cristiana Tătaru / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The aim of this paper is to present a hoard, which is most likely a fragment of a more extensive treasure and which was recovered by the Romanian judicial authorities in 2014. The finding place of the hoard remains unknown, most of the recovered information indicating that it was found in Banat, somewhere in the area of Timiș and Caraș-Severin Counties. The first part of this paper is dedicated to the presentation of the hoard which consists of 17 billon coins struck by John II Komnenos and 15 billon coins struck by Manuel I Komnenos, the latest coin of the hoard being dated between the years 1160 and 1164. In the second part of the paper an analysis of the similar findings from the Banat area is proposed, alongside with the sketching of a historical context for the hiding of this batch of coins and an analysis of the impact had by the byzantine coin in the local monetary circulation.

A humanista plébános, az asztrológus főbíró és a fejedelmi diplomata háza

Author(s): András Kovács / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 10/2020

The most representative monument of Renaissance architecture in Cluj/Kolozsvár is the Wolphard-Kakas house. A Gothic building with cellars and ground-floor consisting of three premises was transformed beginning with the constructions of the last Catholic parson of Cluj/Kolozsvár for the Reformation, former student of Wien and Bologna, Adrian Wolphard (1491-1544) and continued by his nephew Stephen, former student of Wittenberg, a famous astrologer mayor of Cluj (1533/1534-1585/1586) and finalized by his successor, diplomat of Transylvanian Principality in England, Polen and Rudolphian Prague, Stephen Kakas (1561-1603), former student of Bologna and Padova. All the three of them contributed to the enlargement and decoration of the house, which was considered to be the most beautiful and valuable building of the town in 1603. The decorations of the so-called zodiac-room, was inspired from the cuttings of John Honterus, humanist and Lutheran reformer of Transsylvania, printed in Basel in 1541 and 1551. The orderer, Stephen included the coat-of-arms of King Matthias “Corvinus” (1458-1490), the great son of Cluj/Kolozsvár into the series of zodiac signs carved in the consoles. His interest for astrology is illustrated by his two sundials carved in stone too.

A kecskeméti piactér és vásártér történeti helyrajza

Author(s): Edit Sárosi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 04/2011

Kecskemét was one of the populous group of maket towns on the Great Plain, in the emergence and rise of which a decisive role was played by the geographical location of the town itself. Kecskemét, still mentioned as a possessio in 1353, was already referred to in 1368 as an oppidum seu villa; in 1415 and in 1423 exceptionally termed civitas, from 1439 it regularly occurs as an oppidum in the sources.

A kőkeszi plébánia anyakönyvének bejegyzései

Author(s): Attila Baki / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2022

The historical source presented here is of local historical importance. It gives a mosaic-like insight into the past of the settlements of Gyürki (Ďurkovce), Kőkeszi (Kamenné Kosihy), Sirak (Širákov), Szelény (Seľany), Terbegec (Trebušovce), which were under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the former parish of Kőkeszi (Nagykürtös/Veľký Krtíš district). This material is significant in terms of local history, since the history of the above-mentioned villages (based on the surviving archives and other sources) is still unprocessed. This source, as a common meeting point for local history, shows that whatever the size of a settlement, big history (wars, epidemics, national and other changes) has reached the lowest levels in every age, leaving its mark on the daily life of the community living there. The handwritten entry is to be found in the register of baptisms, marriages, and deaths of the former parish of Kőkeszi, dating from 1735 to 1786. The original of the register is kept in the State Archives of Banská Bystrica.

A kolozsmonostori konvent a fejedelemség korában

Author(s): Zsolt Bogdándi / Language(s): Hungarian

On the territory of the developing Transylvanian principality there were three ecclesiastical institutions which took part in the issuance of authentic charters: the Chapter of Transylvania residing in Gyulafehérvár, the Convent of Kolozsmonostor and the Chapter of Várad. Their medieval history has been already partially studied, but in neither of these cases the research did not cover their activity during the Transylvanian principality. Only in the case of Várad we could refer to the lack of sources because, after the capture of the fortress, the Chapter’s archives perished, but even so someone could attempt, on the basis of the issued charters to reconstruct its activity (we already have such an example for the Convent of Szekszárd). Although truncated, the archives of the other two loca credibilia are reserved in the collections of the National Archives of Hungary, so any other scientific investigations are possible. The research of their early modern activity and the publication of a major part of the protocols remains an urgent and possible task of the historians. The publication of these sources would largely extend our knowledge of Transylvanian law and history of institutions, and they would generate a basic collection of sources for further research.The main aim of this book is to present the characteristics of the charter-issuing activity accomplished by the early-modern Transylvanian loca credibilia by examining the case of the authentication place of the Convent of Kolozsmonostor, where the majority of the protocols have been preserved. We attempt to answer the following questions: whether the reorganized and secularized Convent, which has preserved its designation and has been moved together with the archives to Kolozsvár, has met the expectations of the society in terms of preservation of the documents and issuing of charters? How did it work and what was its role in the Transylvanian society?After the establishment of the Transylvanian state, the loca credibilia that entered under its jurisdiction, underwent a peculiar transformation. On the same grounds as similar institutions from Hungary, a specific Transylvanian institution, the office of the requisitors came to life to satisfy the needs of the society for authentic charters and to ensure the conservation of the archives. After twenty years of uncertainty, during which the secularized institution issued copies from the Convent’s archives under the seal of the city, the time for reorganization has arrived. The appointed requisitors had the right to complete all the activities made earlier by the places of authentication, but because there number was small, other institutions (envoys of the voivodes, counties) have gradually taken their place in the external authentication activity. In this process, the articles of Approbatae presumably constituted a turning point. From the second half of the 1650s, the external authentication activity (inspection of boundaries, seisin of estates to new owners, inquiry, etc.) was likely to disappear.At the same time, the disasters that occurred in 1658, and the subsequent long term instability, caused such a break in the activity of the Convent that we could consider it as the end of the institution’s early-modern history. Thereafter the charter-issuing activity was more and more casual, the place of authentication became mere depository of charters and produced copies of the documents in his custody.One could say that it was the moment which marked the end of the institution’s history of and the beginning of the archive’s history. In the age of principality the archives of the Convent together with the sacristia of the Chapter from Gyulafehérvár and probable Várad as a result of the measures taken by the princes and the Orders have played the role of the state’s “National Archives”. Finally, in order to reflect on the activity of the Convent from Kolozsmonostor during the age of principality, we should compare László Papp’s point of view, based on the previous literature and law-articles, and the impedimentums listed in 1655 by one of the requisitors, István Pálfi with the “products” of the Convent’s activity: the registers (protocolla) and the charters. Both the quantity and the quality of the preserved archive materials prove that the reorganized Convent remained for a long time one of the major charter-issuing institutions of Transylvania.

A late Roman oil lamp from Ajdovščina/Castra

Author(s): Ana Kovačić / Language(s): English Issue: XXVIII/2019

Over a hundred fragments of clay oil lamps from the Roman period were discovered in the foundations of five buildings dating from the middle to late imperial periods, during rescue excavations from 2017 to 2019 carried out at a Roman-period site in Ajdovščina (Fluvio Frigido/Castra). This presentation concentrates on a fragment of lamp with decoration on the discus, interpreted as a tabernacle flanked by two columns topped with human busts or the tomb of Lazarus flanked by two columns topped with human busts.

A Magyar Államépítészeti Hivatal beruházásai az első bécsi döntés nyomán visszatérő zempléni részeken

Author(s): Attila Godzsák / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2023

The State Construction Office, established during the dualism period, was responsible for the construction and maintenance of state, county, and municipal roads, as well as for the planning and control of public roads. These included the construction and renovation of schools, hospitals, churches, spas, offices, and convents, which were also managed by the office's engineers. The study examines such projects in the parts of Zemplén County that were returned to Hungary from Czechoslovakia in 1938. After the border change, the review of the condition of roads and bridges started immediately, and with it the construction of secondary roads to meet the new traffic conditions and the improvement of the quality of access roads to villages. School construction and other investments were also undertaken. The aim was not only to improve the road network but also to create job opportunities for the population.

A Mechanical Clock in Kashan in the Early 17th Century

Author(s): Charles Melvile / Language(s): English Issue: Spec. Iss./2019

This paper introduces the existence of a sophisticated automaton clock that was set up in the square (maidan) in Kashan in the reign of Shah ‘Abbas (1587–1629). Operated by a series of levers and weights, the clock struck the hours of day and night, accompanied by the movement of various figures constructed out of cardboard. The clock was shown as a curiosity to the refugee Uzbek Khan, Vali Muhammad, on his way to the court in Isfahan in 1611 to seek Shah ‘Abbas’s support against his rebellious nephews in Transoxiana. The clock was constructed by a certain illiterate, Maulana ‘Inayat, and was still in operation in the reign of ‘Abbas II (d. 1666). The discussion locates the invention of the clock within the context of the history of clock-making in Iran up to and during the Safavid period.