Resilient Multicultural Societies in the Face of Hybrid Threats
Resilient Multicultural Societies in the Face of Hybrid Threats
Contributor(s): Mihaela Daciana Natea (Editor), Veronica Zaharagiu (Editor), Simion Costea (Editor), Lucian Săcălean (Editor)
Subject(s): Economic development, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Identity of Collectives
Published by: Publishing Inc. European Readings & Prodifmultimedia/Editura Napoca Star
Keywords: Multicultural; Societies, Face of Hybrid Threats; Dis-Information; Fake-newsM
Summary/Abstract: Proceedings of the International Conference “Resilient Multicultural Societies in the Face of Hybrid Threats”The increasing complexity of hybrid threats in Eastern Europe, particularly in Romania, has demonstrated the vulnerabilities of democratic processes, public trust, and institutional resilience. The cancellation of the second round of elections has amplified concerns over disinformation, foreign interference, and political instability, raising critical questions about the capacity of states to defend themselves and their citizens against coordinated hybrid attacks. This conference volume brings together interdisciplinary research exploring the evolving landscape of hybrid warfare—ranging from cyber threats and electoral manipulation to economic coercion and social polarization. Scholars, policymakers, and security experts analyze the mechanisms through which authoritarian actors exploit democratic weaknesses and the strategies required to strengthen resilience. With a focus on Romania and its regional counterparts, the volume provides insights into countering disinformation, reinforcing democratic institutions, and securing multicultural societies against destabilizing forces. As hybrid threats intensify, understanding and mitigating their impact becomes imperative for the future of democracy in Eastern Europe. The general objective of the Center of Excellence is to create a focal point of competence and knowledge on European Union security and to disseminate content by bringing European Union facts and knowledge on its Institutions and its Policies to the general public, authorities and academia. The staff of the project gathers the expertise and competences of high-level researchers and experts from different fields such as European Studies, History, Communication Studies, military expertise, aiming to develop synergies between the various disciplines and resources in European Studies. The Center amasses, under the coordination of Associate Professor PhD habil. Mihaela Daciana Natea the scientific expertise from different universities in Romania, but also abroad: France, Tunisia, Republic of Moldova, Georgia, thus creating joint transnational activities.
Series: European Readings
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-606-49-1352-4
- Page Count: 392
- Publication Year: 2025
- Language: English
The young Generation, between Information Consumption and Misinformation
The young Generation, between Information Consumption and Misinformation
(The young Generation, between Information Consumption and Misinformation)
- Author(s):Lucian Săcălean
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Theory of Communication, Fake News - Disinformation
- Page Range:6-16
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:misinformation; media; social media; young people; politics; fake-news;
- Summary/Abstract:Recent socio-political events demonstrate the need for an in-depth approach to the way information circulates and produces effects. While in the past the famous saying “information is power” proved to be true in an information-poor or informationaccess- poor landscape, today it may not have the same ring of truth in the immediate reality. While the possession of and access to information continue to be relevant, technological developments, together with the transformations brought about by educational systems, add new dimensions. Where the information is presented, or in what form, becomes as important as the information itself. Keywords: misinformation, media, social media, young people, politics.
Disinformation as an Economic Weapon. Is there a fine line between Information and Inducing Badwill?
Disinformation as an Economic Weapon. Is there a fine line between Information and Inducing Badwill?
(Disinformation as an Economic Weapon. Is there a fine line between Information and Inducing Badwill?)
- Author(s):Mihaela Daciana Natea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Fake News - Disinformation
- Page Range:17-31
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:disinformation; bad will; media; economic risk;
- Summary/Abstract:: A good part of the national added value is generated by foreign customers being trustful about a nation’s products. Certain events can be used in international media or social media, through disinformation campaigns in order to discredit products and services originating in one country. This has consequences that can include whole economic branches breakdown, lowering expected prices and lower financial ratings. Our objective is to investigate some recent events and their impact over the added value of certain national level economic branches. The methods we use include added value analysis and media coverage investigation. The expected results are measures of economic media events impact.
Fronm Propaganda through Poetry to Facebook Disinformatio
Fronm Propaganda through Poetry to Facebook Disinformatio
(From Propaganda through Poetry to Facebook Disinformation)
- Author(s):Veronica Zaharagiu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Fake News - Disinformation, Hybrid Warfare
- Page Range:32-46
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Disinformation; Russian propaganda; online disinformation; soft power.;
- Summary/Abstract:This article examines the continuity and evolution of disinformation strategies employed by the Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia. While both share core objectives and strategic practices, the advent of digital technology has introduced novel methods, altering the scale, sophistication, and impact of Russian influence campaigns.
Conflict and Negotiation in the History of the Elites from the Gorbachev Regime to the Putin Regime.
Conflict and Negotiation in the History of the Elites from the Gorbachev Regime to the Putin Regime.
(Conflict and Negotiation in the History of the Elites from the Gorbachev Regime to the Putin Regime.)
- Author(s):Natalia Bîrlădeanu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Fake News - Disinformation, Hybrid Warfare
- Page Range:47-69
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:Hybrid War; Disinformation; Political Systems; Cold War; Military Conflicts; Global Security; Negotiation;
- Summary/Abstract:EU-Russia relations have been strained since 2014, due to “Russia’s illegal annexation of Crimea, support for rebels in eastern Ukraine, policies in the neighborhood, disinformation campaigns, and negative domestic developments.” Tensions have also increased following Russia’s intervention in Syria, Libya, and sub-Saharan Africa. Since 2014, the EU has periodically renewed sanctions against Russia. Despite all this, the EU and Russia remain closely linked, and the EU practices “selective collaboration.” In this article, I will talk about the disinformation carried out by the Russian Federation in the context of current challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic or the conflict in Ukraine.
Comunication in Security and Defence: Essential for Crisis Management and National Cohesion
Comunication in Security and Defence: Essential for Crisis Management and National Cohesion
(Comunication in Security and Defence: Essential for Crisis Management and National Cohesion)
- Author(s):Elena Mârzac
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, Theory of Communication
- Page Range:70-87
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Strategic Communication; crisis management; national cohesion; security challenges; security interests;
- Summary/Abstract:Strategic Communication (StratCom) plays a pivotal role in addressing modern security challenges. This article examines the critical role of StratCom in crisis management at national, regional, and international levels. I will demonstrate that in the context of security, it plays a key role in preventing and managing crises, maintaining national cohesion and protecting security interests.
Satellite Networks and Disinformation Warfare: the Role of Space Technologies in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Implications for EU Security
Satellite Networks and Disinformation Warfare: the Role of Space Technologies in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Implications for EU Security
(Satellite Networks and Disinformation Warfare: the Role of Space Technologies in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Implications for EU Security)
- Author(s):Luca Brocca
- Language:English
- Subject(s):ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Hybrid Warfare
- Page Range:88-109
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:; Militarisation of space; Disinformation warfare; Russia-Ukraine war;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the critical role of satellite networks in the Russia-Ukraine conflict, particularly in disinformation and hybrid warfare. It explores the EU’s response to these threats through space security policies and highlights the need for cohesive regulations to safeguard its digital and space infrastructure against militarisation.
International Cooperation in Combating Cyberterrorism
International Cooperation in Combating Cyberterrorism
(International Cooperation in Combating Cyberterrorism)
- Author(s):Cristina Ejova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, Military policy, Hybrid Warfare
- Page Range:110-131
- No. of Pages:22
- Summary/Abstract:The 21st century, defined by rapid technological advancement, has brought cyberterrorism to the forefront as a global threat. This work examines the concept of cyberterrorism, emphasizing its transnational nature and the political motives behind it. Special attention is given to the roles of the United Nations, the European Union, and the Council of Europe in fostering international cooperation to address this challenge, highlighting their key initiatives, legal frameworks, and mechanisms aimed at countering cyberterrorism effectively.
Multilateralism towards the Application of Artificial Intelligence based on Human Rights and Democratic Values
Multilateralism towards the Application of Artificial Intelligence based on Human Rights and Democratic Values
(Multilateralism towards the Application of Artificial Intelligence based on Human Rights and Democratic Values)
- Author(s):Selena Stejaru, Cristina Ejova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Civil Society, Theory of Communication
- Page Range:132-148
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Artificial intelligence; multilateral institutions; human rights; democratic values;
- Summary/Abstract:The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has ushered in a new era of technological advancement, presenting both unprecedented opportunities and challenges. As artificial intelligence continues to permeate various facets of society, it becomes imperative to ensure that its development and deployment are guided by principles that uphold human rights, the rule of law, and democratic values. This article explores multilateralism as a framework for fostering international cooperation and governance in the realm of AI. By examining the intersection of artificial intelligence with human rights, the rule of law, and democracy, the article aims to highlight the critical role of multilateral institutions in shaping an ethical and inclusive AI landscape.
Strengthening the Resilience of Democratic Institutions in the EU Enlargement Process
Strengthening the Resilience of Democratic Institutions in the EU Enlargement Process
(Strengthening the Resilience of Democratic Institutions in the EU Enlargement Process)
- Author(s):Ludmila Roșca
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Society, Governance, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:149-159
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Institutions; participatory democracy; EU enlargement; EU accession; Republic of Moldova;
- Summary/Abstract:State institutions guarantee the resilience of the democracy. These are the most important institutions of administration reform through which the efficiency, effectiveness and transparency of governance can distinctly be improved. Policies and reforms are imposed on institutions as those ahead of them govern. At the same time, they lend stability and continuity to the administration, which is crucial in sustaining long-term reforms. Liberal emphasis amongst administrative reforms primarily proposes public institutions should be more efficient and productive (managing with less wherever possible) and have on the whole less bureaucracy and fewer administrative steps to wade through.In the work of public administration, institutions demonstrate transparency, accountability, and effectiveness, increasing trust in the public administration institutions and the participation of citizens in the decision-making and governance process, thus significantly reducing corruption. A sustainable trajectory towards EU membership fosters the meaningful engagement of civil society and citizens in the process of decisionmaking. This citizen engagement increases transparency, accountability, and effectiveness of reforms, and reinforces participatory democracy.
A Historical overview of Competition in the Context of the European Integration of the Republic of Moldova
A Historical overview of Competition in the Context of the European Integration of the Republic of Moldova
(A Historical overview of Competition in the Context of the European Integration of the Republic of Moldova)
- Author(s):Alexandru Bălan, Aliona Balan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):National Economy, Business Economy / Management, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:160-185
- No. of Pages:26
- Keywords:European Neighbourhood Policy; economic integration; Republic of Moldova;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper revisits the development of the Republic of Moldova’s competition policy as part of the country’s historical path to European Union membership. In 2005, the Republic of Moldova was among the first states to agree on a political Action Plan within the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) following the enlargement of the EU in 2004. The new perspectives offered by the ENP included inter alia, the advancement of the cooperation to a significant degree of economic integration into the EU’s internal market. To this end, competition policy played an essential role. The actions agreed upon in the EU - Moldova ENP Action Plan were the development of full transparency in the State aid area aid and ensuring the compatibility of the national antitrust legislation and merger control regime with the EU competition policy. In June 2014, the EU - Moldova ENP Action Plan was replaced by the Association Agenda between the European Union and the Republic of Moldova, built on the EU - Republic of Moldova Association Agreement. Competition was one of the priority policies of the Association Agenda. Republic of Moldova’s application for membership of the European Union in March 2022 marked a step of historical significance. EU granted candidate status to the Republic of Moldova in June 2022. In its Opinion, the European Commission recommended the fulfilment of several steps upon granting the EU candidate status. One of the listed steps was implementing the commitment to limit the “excessive influence of vested interests” in the country’s life. This specific recommendation aimed at improving the competition legislation of the Republic of Moldova and strengthening the institutional and administrative capacities of the Competition Council, including the practical application of the competition rules. The EU opened accession negotiations with the Republic of Moldova in June 2024.
Srength in Uncertainty: Evaluating Moldovan Eesilience in the 2024 Presidential Elections
Srength in Uncertainty: Evaluating Moldovan Eesilience in the 2024 Presidential Elections
(Srength in Uncertainty: Evaluating Moldovan Eesilience in the 2024 Presidential Elections)
- Author(s):Mariana Rosca
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Electoral systems, Fake News - Disinformation
- Page Range:186-198
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Moldova; presidential elections 2024; hybrid war; electoral integrity; resilience;
- Summary/Abstract:The 2024 Moldovan presidential election highlighted both the resilience and vulnerabilities in its weak democracy. President Maia Sandu secured re-election with strong diaspora support, contrasting domestic voting splits favoring challenger Stoianoglo. External pressures, disinformation, and alleged voter manipulation underlines the challenges of electoral integrity. Moldova’s experience reveals critical lessons in navigating hybrid threats and fostering democratic stability, and serves as a basic for future studies on electoral resilience.
Multiculturalism, Human Rights and Hybrid-Threats: Building Resilience in Modern Societies
Multiculturalism, Human Rights and Hybrid-Threats: Building Resilience in Modern Societies
(Multiculturalism, Human Rights and Hybrid-Threats: Building Resilience in Modern Societies)
- Author(s):Margareta Beltei
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Fake News - Disinformation, Hybrid Warfare
- Page Range:199-211
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Multiculturalism; human rights; hybrid threats; resilience; social cohesion;
- Summary/Abstract:Hybrid threats, such as cyberattacks, disinformation, and economic pressure, exploit ethnic, linguistic, and cultural divisions, challenging social harmony and democratic stability. This article explores how a human-rights-based approach and multicultural policies can strengthen societal resilience, protect minorities, and counter these threats. It highlights the crucial role of education, inclusivity, and institutional trust in fostering unity and combating hybrid challenges.
La Jeunesse Tunisiénne entre Instrumentalisation et Radicalisation : Itineraire des Djihadistes
La Jeunesse Tunisiénne entre Instrumentalisation et Radicalisation : Itineraire des Djihadistes
(Tunisian Youth between Instrumentalization and Radicalization: Journey of the Jihadists)
- Author(s):Bilel Saoudi
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Governance, Security and defense, Studies in violence and power
- Page Range:212-225
- No. of Pages:14
- Summary/Abstract:This work, whose ambition is to combine the seriousness of a scientific publication with the desire to reveal pages of religious history left by historians for those who see history as a living matter. Breaking with the link that ancient historiography had established with rhetoric, 19th-century historians initiated the process of professionalization and scientification. They treated the question of writing history as a question external to the specific work of the historian2, they demanded a clear separation between history and literature. It is necessary to be content with explaining the facts and expressing the substance. For them, literary style and literature are incompatible with scientific rigor and foreign to the search for truth.
Special Operations Forces as an Interagency Catalyst in Countering Hybrid Threats: a brief Study Case of the Republic of Moldova
Special Operations Forces as an Interagency Catalyst in Countering Hybrid Threats: a brief Study Case of the Republic of Moldova
(Special Operations Forces as an Interagency Catalyst in Countering Hybrid Threats: a brief Study Case of the Republic of Moldova)
- Author(s):Doru-Constantin Tocila
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, Peace and Conflict Studies, Hybrid Warfare
- Page Range:226-246
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Special Operations Forces (SOF); countering hybrid threats; SOF Community Program (Initiative) ; multi-purpose capabilities (toolbox) ; decision makers; outcomes;
- Summary/Abstract:The author’s rationale in choosing this theme outlines a need for a more in-depth understanding of the roles and effects that can be achieved by Moldova and International Special Operations Forces (SOF) in countering hybrid threats. The research strategy is built around an exploratory case study, having as context the complex security situation from Republic of Moldova caused by Russian continuous aggressive hybrid threats. The phenomenon investigated reveals a SOF Community Initiative (Program) in countering hybrid threats from country’s outside and inside. Both uncovering some patterns and trends, and investigating the interplay among between different factors related to the phenomenon, the study sheds a more clearly light upon Special Operations Forces’ capabilities primarily built up, and efficiently used in countering unconventional, hybrid threats.
Effects of Hybrid Warfare on Public Opinion in the Republic of Moldova
Effects of Hybrid Warfare on Public Opinion in the Republic of Moldova
(Effects of Hybrid Warfare on Public Opinion in the Republic of Moldova)
- Author(s):Andrei Guțu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Society, Fake News - Disinformation
- Page Range:247-261
- No. of Pages:15
- Summary/Abstract:The hybrid war, which combines military and non-military tactics such as disinformation and cyberattacks, aims to destabilize the Republic of Moldova, especially in the context of European integration. These methods influence public perception, reduce trust in state institutions and generate skepticism towards the European path of the country, using propaganda and manipulation.
The European Education Area: a Catalyst for Developing a Resilient Society
The European Education Area: a Catalyst for Developing a Resilient Society
(The European Education Area: a Catalyst for Developing a Resilient Society)
- Author(s):Valeria Garbatovschi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Society, Sociology of Politics
- Page Range:262-275
- No. of Pages:14
- Summary/Abstract:The current geopolitical context, characterized by complex challenges such as rapid technological change, social polarization, and global threats, necessitates a fundamental rethinking of the role of education. The European Education Area (EEA) emerges as a strategic response to these dynamics, proposing an integrated and transformative approach. In this context, we analyze the institutional mechanisms of the EEA, its impact on social resilience, and the potential limitations and challenges. The European Education Area initiative supports EU Member States in collaborating to build more resilient and inclusive education and training systems. The European Education Area works in synergy with the European Skills Agenda and the European Research Area to enable the valorization of knowledge and its transformation into a foundation for Europe’s recovery and prosperity.
Is European Rule of Law effective ? Protection Mechanisms against exterior Threats - Case Study: Romania, Hungary, Poland
Is European Rule of Law effective ? Protection Mechanisms against exterior Threats - Case Study: Romania, Hungary, Poland
(Is European Rule of Law effective ? Protection Mechanisms against exterior Threats - Case Study: Romania, Hungary, Poland)
- Author(s):Vlad Bărbat
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Constitutional Law, Governance
- Page Range:276-293
- No. of Pages:18
- Summary/Abstract:The present study will be focused on highlighting the main challenges that unite or disrupt the formal processes of European law. The research will aim an anticipatory effect and will focus on the European rule of law applied to the cases of Romania, Hungary and Poland and its struggle to continuously build solid protection for the member states and the dimensions of maintaining equity within its borders facing the future of a changing society (in interpretation of art.3 (5) TUE). We stress the ongoing power shifts that shape the European continent and how can the European rule of law, throughout its pillars and institutions, protect the integrity of Romania, Hungary and Poland from separation and harmful attacks that stem from the exterior of the Union? With the advent of Russia’s hostility toward the West in recent years, certain scholars have focused their research on the study of what has recently been coined as “malign influence”. Malign influence is defined as a “specific type of influence that directly or indirectly subverts and undermines European values and democratic institutions”2. By 0means of the information war launched by Russia along with the kinetic one or in conjunction with it, the EU states that assist Ukraine in its defense are targeted. The narratives of the information war have in mind the fiber of the societies of the EU member states and often attack the legal order at the individual state level. The effectiveness of these attacks can be seen in the framework of the European parliamentary elections, and the national ones by identifying the narratives of the Russian informational war on the line of undermining the rule of law - verifying their takeover by different political parties and then the success of these parties in the elections. Our aim would be to identify future perils for the foundations of European Law and proposing solutions to maintaining equity of the rule of law in direct relationship with the member states without creating the phenomenon of supranationalism or the legal and institutional “capture” phenomenon
AI Tools and hybrid Threats: The Use of Artificial Intelligence to manipulate Public Opinion and deepen Divisions in Multicultural Societies
AI Tools and hybrid Threats: The Use of Artificial Intelligence to manipulate Public Opinion and deepen Divisions in Multicultural Societies
(AI Tools and hybrid Threats: The Use of Artificial Intelligence to manipulate Public Opinion and deepen Divisions in Multicultural Societies)
- Author(s):Anca Rusu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Theory of Communication, Crowd Psychology: Mass phenomena and political interactions, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Fake News - Disinformation
- Page Range:294-307
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:AI; manipulation; cultural anxiety; multicultural societies; racial biases;
- Summary/Abstract:Artificial intelligence tools, now easier than ever for everyone to use, significantly impact critical facets of modern society, including global politics. Artificial intelligence and its related technologies pose a major threat to representative democracy. If left unsupervised, AI will amplify existing challenges, including manipulation of public opinion, divisions in multicultural societies, racial polarization, cultural anxiety, antidemocratic attitudes, racial biases in automated election process, discriminatory voting suppression and racially focused cyberattacks. Following a critical approach, the paper aims to analyze the principal and ethical concerns regarding social and political challenges imposed by the use of AI. Based on the qualitative research methods, the paper provides a clear image of the way in which AI impact both national and international democracy, as well as the multicultural societies and marginalized communities.
Les Institutions Sociales dans la Société Tunisiénne et la Résilience face aux Éffets de la Technologie : Défis et Opportunités
Les Institutions Sociales dans la Société Tunisiénne et la Résilience face aux Éffets de la Technologie : Défis et Opportunités
(Social Institutions in Tunisian Society and Resilience to the Effects of Technology: Challenges and Opportunities)
- Author(s):Manel Konzali
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Civil Society, Family and social welfare, Sociology of Politics
- Page Range:308-323
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Technologies; social Institutions; Resilience; education; Civil Society;
- Summary/Abstract:This article examines the impact of technology on Tunisian social institutions, focusing on the family, school, and civil society. It explores how these institutions are adapting to digital challenges while strengthening social resilience to preserve cultural values and foster inclusive and sustainable development.
La Tunisie face aux Menaces Hybrides : quand les Mouvements islamistes exploitent les Fragilités d’une Transition inachevée
La Tunisie face aux Menaces Hybrides : quand les Mouvements islamistes exploitent les Fragilités d’une Transition inachevée
(Tunisia Facing Hybrid Threats: When Islamist Movements exploit the Fragilities of an Unfinished Transition)
- Author(s):Mourad Mhenni
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Civil Society, Governance, Politics and religion, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:324-339
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Hybrid threats; Islamist terrorism; Democratic transition; Regional security;
- Summary/Abstract:Since the 2011 revolution, Tunisia has been in a fragile democratic transition phase, marked by economic, social, and institutional challenges. These flaws have allowed the emergence of complex hybrid threats generated by Islamist terrorist movements. This article explores these issues and proposes solutions to strengthen the state's resilience.
Les Mecanismes de la Réinsertion Sociale des Détenus en Algerie
Les Mecanismes de la Réinsertion Sociale des Détenus en Algerie
(The Mechanisms of Social Reintegration of Prisoners in Algeria)
- Author(s):Abla Rouag-Djanidi
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Social Norms / Social Control, Penal Policy
- Page Range:340-357
- No. of Pages:18
- Summary/Abstract:Social reintegration requires work on the entire issue of the inmate: education, training, administrative situation, family situation (isolation, divorce, distant family, etc.), health (alcohol problems, drug addiction), accommodation, etc. The programs and mechanisms for the social reintegration of prisoners undertaken by Algeria show that the foundations for social reintegration are well laid in Algeria. However, obstacles to social integration remain numerous, and can largely explain the ever-increasing recidivism rates. On the one hand, on a sociological level, prejudices and the negative image of prisoners within society, firstly among families who often reject their imprisoned relatives (especially when they are women), and do not always contribute to the reintegration process, and secondly among job providers, restrict the possibilities of prisoners to reintegrate professionally and socially. Not to mention the difficulties preceding their detention (unemployment, debts, lack of housing, etc.) which often persist and await prisoners upon their release. On the other hand, the very philosophy of social reintegration is being strongly questioned and is difficult to reconcile with the closed environment of penitentiary establishments and security regulations. The contradiction between security imperatives and social reintegration is a constraint that must be addressed. The greatest obstacle seems to us to be the lack of prospects for prisoners, resulting from the limitations of preparation for social reintegration, and which generally leads to poor social integration, which is itself the cause of recidivism.
From Disinformation to International Policies in Tackling Anti-Vaccination Movements
From Disinformation to International Policies in Tackling Anti-Vaccination Movements
(From Disinformation to International Policies in Tackling Anti-Vaccination Movements)
- Author(s):Mihaela Daciana Natea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Crowd Psychology: Mass phenomena and political interactions, Health and medicine and law, Fake News - Disinformation
- Page Range:358-369
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:global governance; international organizations; vaccination; national and international policy;
- Summary/Abstract:Children vaccination against incurable or dangerous diseases is optional in many countries with arguments ranging from human right aspects concerning the medical treatment to the “unadmitted” dangers of the vaccine. Per se the vaccination optionality is not a problem until a significant part of the population refuses vaccination. The latest measles epidemic in the USA is a clear example of the dangers that can emerge from an extended vaccination refusal. In a world where global efforts are being made, through international organizations such as WHO, UNICEF, UNDP or ONG’s such the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, to eradicate diseases through vaccinations, individuals refuse, consciously, the immunizations on subjective grounds, jeopardizing public health. The article follows the international means used to control this practice and also some national rule enforcements in the field. Doing so, we will try to identify a viable way to, at least, contain the practice, internationally and nationally.
Dynamics of Intercultural Communication in a Neurological Context
Dynamics of Intercultural Communication in a Neurological Context
(Dynamics of Intercultural Communication in a Neurological Context)
- Author(s):Stela Spînu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):International relations/trade, Health and medicine and law, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:380-387
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Culture; intercultural medical communication; neurological context;
- Summary/Abstract:Intercultural medical communication is a current topic in the specialized literature. The relationship between doctor and patient in an intercultural context depends on the quality and accuracy of the communication. It is important for the doctor to be aware of the influence of the patient’s cultural background on their life and behavior. The ideas of Hall and Hofstede are welcome, offering doctors valuable tools to understand the diversity and specifics of each ethnicity, and to choose the correct forms of communication. Special attention must be given to neurological patients due to their fragile state and emotional vulnerability. To engage in a constructive dialogue with them, we need to understand their cultural specifics, aspirations, lifestyle, and how they relate to those around them. Only the knowledge provided by the discipline of Intercultural Communication could help medical workers build effective dialogue and avoid potential conflicts with patients from different cultural backgrounds.
