ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И СТРАТЕГИИ ЗА ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕ НА ИКОНОМИЧЕСКАТА И ОБЩЕСТВЕНАТА СИСТЕМА СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ COVID-19

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И СТРАТЕГИИ ЗА ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕ НА ИКОНОМИЧЕСКАТА И ОБЩЕСТВЕНАТА СИСТЕМА СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ COVID-19
TRENDS AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC AND PUBLIC SYSTEM REBUILDING AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Author(s): Lyudmila Prigoda, Zoran Čekerevac, Mina Angelova, Daniela Pastarmadzhieva, Daniela Todorova, Krasimir Krastanov, Nina Gergova, Ilina Nacheva, Antoaneta Hristova, Desislava Dineva, Tsvetelina Panchelieva, Diana Bakalova, Valentina Dolmova, Ilina Nacheva, Iliya Gatovski, Georgi Dimitrov, Elitsa Hristova, Irina Yaneva-Damianova, Andrei Simeonov, Kiril Desev, Dragomir Genov, Penyo Georgiev, Borislav Arnaudov, Daniel Yordanov, Violeta Mutafchieva, Tashko Minkov, Christina Nikolova, Veronika Garkova, Dina Tzonevska, Galina Mratskova, Dimo Zhelev, Kadifka Asanova Borizanova, Nikolay Nikolov, Dilyana Yulianova Tyufekchieva Hristova, Maria Brestnichka, Ivaylo Tsolov, Mariana Ianeva, Ralitsa Georgieva, Tihomir Draganov, Maria Vodenicharova, Nickolay Tsonev, Svetoslav Kaleychev, Nikola Gaydarov, Petko Truhchev, Adalbert Milanov, Daniela Ventsislavova Georgieva, Vesela Dimitrova, Teodorina Turlakova, Gergana Slavova, Svetoslav Spasov
Contributor(s): Christina Nikolova (Composer), Borislav Arnaudov (Composer), Georgi Dimitrov (Composer)
Subject(s): Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Sociology, Health and medicine and law, Demography and human biology, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research, Transport / Logistics
Published by: Университет за национално и световно стопанство (УНСС)
Keywords: Sustainable development; Recovery policies; Trends and recovery strategies after the COVID-19 pandemic; Economic and social systems; Social challenges
Summary/Abstract: The Conference Proceedings contain papers presented at the International Scientific Conference on: "TRENDS AND STRATEGIES FOR THE RECOVERY OF THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SYSTEM AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC". It has been held during the period 15-17 March 2023 within the project "ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE TRANSPORT SECTOR AND MEASURES FOR RECOVERY", funded by the Scientific Research Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science under the Contract No. INI - KP-06-DK2/4 of 30.03.2021. The project has being implemented by a team from the Department of Transport and Energy Economics at the UNWE. The scientific forum brought together scientists from the social sciences, with the primary objective of identifying and discussing options for early management of crises arising from pandemics and strategies for post-crisis recovery. Thirty-three papers were presented during the Forum. Conference participants also held a roundtable discussion on "Issues of Sustainable Development and Economic and Societal Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic". The International Scientific Conference was attended by scientists and researchers from 10 different scientific organisations, including the University of National and World Economy, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", Todor Kableshkov University of Transport, MB University in Belgrade, Serbia, Institute for Population and Human Studies at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, University of Food Technologies - Plovdiv, Institute of Psychology - Ministry of Interior, Thracian University - Stara Zagora, International Higher Business School, University of Economics - Varna, the Higher School of Insurance and Finance, Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

Print-ISBN-13: 978-619-232-750-7
Print-ISBN-10: 978-619-232-7
Page Count: 379
Publication Year: 2023
Language: English, Bulgarian

GLOBAL TRENDS IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE POST-PANDEMIC PERIOD

GLOBAL TRENDS IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE POST-PANDEMIC PERIOD
(GLOBAL TRENDS IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE POST-PANDEMIC PERIOD)

Author(s):Lyudmila Prigoda, Zoran Čekerevac
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:13-24
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:COVID-19 pandemic; economic development; economic security; globalization; global value chains; fragmentation of the economy
Summary/Abstract:In the spring of 2020, modern societies were not ready for a drastic change in their usual way of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has made changes not only in people’s lives but also in the economic, social, and political life of all states. The global economy was stopped for the first time in history to save human lives. The pandemic has recorded a worldwide value-worldview shift in the consciousness of elites and societies, and a new consensus has been recorded around the world on the need for a state as such at the basic level. The general opinion has developed in such a way that the role of the state in countering natural disasters of such a scale as a pandemic has become indisputable. The coronavirus pandemic is ending in 2023 and soon will be history, unlike its consequences, which the entire world community will have to deal with. That is not just a matter of falling GDP. Coronavirus consequences promise to be noticeable in the fundamental institutions of society. Big changes can appear in such concepts as the state, international relations, state budget, state border, and even the truth. The COVID-19 pandemic triggered geopolitical confrontations, vaccine wars, and actions of international institutions, again raising the question of the need for a globalization policy. The article attempts to comprehend the COVID-19 pandemic consequences in terms of the economic component and from the point of view of projecting them onto social processes in society.

STUDY OF THE EXPERIENCE OF EU COUNTRIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES TO COUNTER THE CRISIS CAUSED BY COVID-19

STUDY OF THE EXPERIENCE OF EU COUNTRIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES TO COUNTER THE CRISIS CAUSED BY COVID-19
(STUDY OF THE EXPERIENCE OF EU COUNTRIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES TO COUNTER THE CRISIS CAUSED BY COVID-19)

Author(s):Mina Angelova, Daniela Pastarmadzhieva
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Public Finances
Page Range:25-34
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:measures; crisis; COVID-19; entrepreneurship; economic development
Summary/Abstract:The present paper deals with the distinction between the measures implemented by EU countries to counter the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It explains how the states’ efforts comply with the entrepreneurs striving for survival during this pivotal period. This is done by summarizing the measures applied by the EU-27 countries, grouping the measures into categories, and contrasting the most fundamental elements of the applied strategies in the countries and their influence toward reviving entrepreneurship. Building upon official COVID-19 websites of EU countries, secondary information processing, and desk research, the analyses indicate that 49% of the measures are economic compensations and loans, the employment-related measures count on 17%, tax measures present 15%, R&D are 5%, customs measures count on 2% and other measures are equal to 9% of all applied in the EU. These results strive for the conclusion that the future of entrepreneurial economic development is a prerequisite to overcoming the crisis conditions. As the empirical evidence documenting the reemergence of entrepreneurship, the common efforts and applied measures will strike to minimize the negative pandemic effects.

ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВА И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ЗА РАЗВИТИЕ НА НАУЧНАТА ДЕЙНОСТ НА ВИСШЕ ТРАНСПОРТНО УЧИЛИЩЕ „ТОДОР КАБЛЕШКОВ“

ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВА И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ЗА РАЗВИТИЕ НА НАУЧНАТА ДЕЙНОСТ НА ВИСШЕ ТРАНСПОРТНО УЧИЛИЩЕ „ТОДОР КАБЛЕШКОВ“
(CHALLENGES AND TRENDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF A HIGHER SCHOOL OF TRANSPORT „TODOR KABLESHKOV“)

Author(s):Daniela Todorova, Krasimir Krastanov, Nina Gergova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Higher Education , Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:35-47
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:science; education; challenges; innovations; funding
Summary/Abstract:The report examines the impact of investments in scientific research activities, which are classified as one of the most important economic factors for the development of the economy and society. Stimulation of scientific research and innovation depend on the implemented policies and the attitude of the state to these activities, the results of which directly affect the competitiveness of the economy. The economic conditions in which our economy is developing and in which the educational system functions puts the Bulgarian higher schools in front of the need to overcome a number of negative consequences. Accent is placed on the challenges, problems and solutions facing the „Todor Kableshkov“ Higher School of Transport, related to research activities.

ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВОТО COVID-19: УБЕЖДЕНИЯ И ТЪРСЕНЕ НА ИНФОРМАЦИЯ В УСЛОВИЯТА НА ПАНДЕМИЯ

ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВОТО COVID-19: УБЕЖДЕНИЯ И ТЪРСЕНЕ НА ИНФОРМАЦИЯ В УСЛОВИЯТА НА ПАНДЕМИЯ
(THE CHALLENGE COVID-19: BELIEFS AND INFORMATION SEEKING IN THE CONTEXT OF PANDEMIC)

Author(s):Ilina Nacheva, Antoaneta Hristova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Psychology, Sociology, Social psychology and group interaction, Health and medicine and law
Page Range:48-58
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:COVID-19; vaccine attitudes; healthcare; information seeking
Summary/Abstract:The present study aims to analyze the relationship between personal beliefs related to the coronavirus and vaccines against COVID-19, attitudes towards messages from official health authorities, and active information seeking about developing treatments and vaccines. For this purpose, data from a study representative of the adult population of Bulgaria and conducted in the phase of the highest morbidity were used. A significant positive correlation was found between maintaining a belief that COVID-19 poses a serious threat to human health (corresponding to the current scientific and medical opinions at the time of the study) and trust in the health information disclosed by the responsible institutions (r=0.530, p= 0.000), as well as with the active search for information on the topic (r=0.542, p=0.000). Holding a belief that the vaccines against COVID-19 represent a means of tracking and controlling the person (corresponding to popular conspiracy theories actively spread at the time of the study) was negatively correlated with trust in official health information (r=- 0.409, p=0.000) . A weak but significant negative relationship was also found with the declared information seeking about the development of treatments and vaccines (r =- 0.225, p =0.000). The results obtained and the conclusions drawn can serve in the development of communication strategies and the construction of information campaigns aimed at specific communities in future health crises.

ВЛИЯНИЕ НА РАБОТОДАТЕЛСКАТА МАРКА, КАТО МАРКЕТИНГОВ ИНСТРУМЕНТ, ВЪРХУ УПРАВЛЕНИЕТО НА ЧОВЕШКИТЕ РЕСУРСИ И ПРЕДСТАВЯНЕТО НА ФИРМИ ОТ ХВП В ПОСТ-КОВИД ПЕРИОД, 2021-2023

ВЛИЯНИЕ НА РАБОТОДАТЕЛСКАТА МАРКА, КАТО МАРКЕТИНГОВ ИНСТРУМЕНТ, ВЪРХУ УПРАВЛЕНИЕТО НА ЧОВЕШКИТЕ РЕСУРСИ И ПРЕДСТАВЯНЕТО НА ФИРМИ ОТ ХВП В ПОСТ-КОВИД ПЕРИОД, 2021-2023
(IMPACT OF EMPLOYER BRANDING AS A MARKETING TOOL ON THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANIES FROM THE FOOD INDUSTRY IN THE POST-COVID PERIOD, 2021-2023)

Author(s):Desislava Dineva, Valentina Nikolova-Alexieva
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Management and complex organizations, Human Resources in Economy
Page Range:59-69
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:employer brand; market performance of the company; conditions of risk and uncertainty; Covid-19; Bulgaria
Summary/Abstract:The publication presents a sample of research on the impact of the employer brand as a marketing tool on the behavior of human resources /attraction, turnover and their subsequent retention/ and on the market performance of companies in a period of recovery after the Covid-pandemic and in particular with an emphasis on their reciprocal response in the conditions of and after clearly defined risk circumstances and uncertainty for the business. The research was conducted among 55 enterprises from the food industry in Bulgaria and covers the period 2021-2023. Enterprises are grouped according to various characteristics, such as enterprise size (small, medium, large), branch of the food industry – dairy, meat, bakery, etc. and geographic region of the country. The study is carried out under the assumption that the performance of the business with a well-developed and strong employer brand will be positively influenced by it.

THE COVID-19 CRISIS: SPECIFICITY OF EXPERIENCES AMONG PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC ILLNESSES

THE COVID-19 CRISIS: SPECIFICITY OF EXPERIENCES AMONG PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC ILLNESSES
(THE COVID-19 CRISIS: SPECIFICITY OF EXPERIENCES AMONG PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC ILLNESSES)

Author(s):Tsvetelina Panchelieva, Diana Bakalova, Ilina Nacheva, Valentina Dolmova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Sociology, Health and medicine and law
Page Range:70-80
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:stress; social support; COVID-19; chronic illness
Summary/Abstract:The current study focuses on chronically ill people as one of the vulnerable groups in the society. The aim is to outline specifics in their perceptions, reactions and attitudes in the context of the crisis caused by COVID-19. An online survey among 610 participants (chronic suffers N=301) was employed. Inventories were used to measure anxiety, resilience, coping strategies, expectations, perceived stress and social support. Results indicate that chronically ill people were significantly more pessimistic, they perceive less social support and use specific ways to cope with stress. The findings have important implications for both theory and social policy.

МЕРКИ ЗА ПОВИШАВАНЕ КАЧЕСТВОТО НА ОБЩЕСТВЕНИЯ ГРАДСКИ ТРАНСПОРТ В ГРАД СОФИЯ СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ COVID-19

МЕРКИ ЗА ПОВИШАВАНЕ КАЧЕСТВОТО НА ОБЩЕСТВЕНИЯ ГРАДСКИ ТРАНСПОРТ В ГРАД СОФИЯ СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ COVID-19
(MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF PUBLIC URBAN TRANSPORT IN THE CITY OF SOFIA AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC)

Author(s):Iliya Gatovski
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Socio-Economic Research, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:81-93
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:Covid 19; public transport; consumer confidence; quality of transport services
Summary/Abstract:After the peak infection periods of covid-19 have passed, cities have faced the negative consequences of the crisis, which has mainly affected public passenger transport. As a result of the measures taken and the restrictions imposed, transport operators working in the field of public transport had to take new approaches to solving tasks related to its normal functioning. The most important issue they face is to is to restore the confidence of passengers by providing safe and quality services. In this report, based on the analysis of the state of public transport in the city of Sofia for the period 2019 – 2022, guidelines are proposed for increasing the quality of the offered services. Data from the survey conducted among users on their satisfaction with the quality of passenger public transport in the city of Sofia were also analyzed. Recommendations and measures for the future development of public transport in the city of Sofia, its modernization and sustainable development are presented.

ВЪЗДЕЙСТВИЕ НА ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ COVID-19 ВЪРХУ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛСКИТЕ ПРЕДПОЧИТАНИЯ ПРИ ТЪРСЕНЕТО НА ТОВАРНИ ТРАНСПОРТНИ УСЛУГИ

ВЪЗДЕЙСТВИЕ НА ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ COVID-19 ВЪРХУ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛСКИТЕ ПРЕДПОЧИТАНИЯ ПРИ ТЪРСЕНЕТО НА ТОВАРНИ ТРАНСПОРТНИ УСЛУГИ
(IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON CONSUMER PREFERENCES IN THE SEARCH FOR FREIGHT TRANSPORT SERVICES)

Author(s):Georgi Dimitrov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Socio-Economic Research, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:94-104
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:consumer preferences; freight transport services; pandemic; quality indicators.
Summary/Abstract:There is considerable diversity in the reasons for the behavior of users of freight transport services, which often in crisis conditions is not subject to the principles of optimization of transport costs. Therefore, the study of consumer preferences in the search for freight transportation services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is of utmost importance. The main objective of the study is to evaluate consumer preferences in the search for freight transport services and the indicators of the quality of freight transport services affecting the choice of a carrier in the context of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛНО НЕДОВЕРИЕ И ЛИПСА НА ЛИЧНО ДЕЯТЕЛСТВО КАТО ФАКТОРИ, ПРЕДОПРЕДЕЛЯЩИ ВЪЗНИКВАНЕТО НА ПСИХИЧНИ ПРОБЛЕМИ В УСЛОВИЯТА НА ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ КОРОНАВИРУС

ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛНО НЕДОВЕРИЕ И ЛИПСА НА ЛИЧНО ДЕЯТЕЛСТВО КАТО ФАКТОРИ, ПРЕДОПРЕДЕЛЯЩИ ВЪЗНИКВАНЕТО НА ПСИХИЧНИ ПРОБЛЕМИ В УСЛОВИЯТА НА ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ КОРОНАВИРУС
(INSTITUTIONAL DISTRUST AND LACK OF PERSONAL ACTION AS FACTORS PREDETERMINING THE EMERGENCE OF MENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC)

Author(s):Elitsa Hristova, Irina Yaneva-Damianova, Andrei Simeonov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Sociology, Applied Sociology, Health and medicine and law
Page Range:105-124
No. of Pages:20
Keywords:mistrust; institutions; personal action; pandemic
Summary/Abstract:The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of distrust in governmental institutions and of limited (or blocked) ability for personal agency and control in everyday-life activities during the COVID-19 pandemic as factors that determine the advent of psychic problems such as depression, anxiety and stress. 471 participants filled surveys and questionnaires that measured the two independent and three dependent variables. Results showed a statistically significant link between the distrust in governmental institutions because of their enforced policies and social measures for managing the pandemic, and higher levels of anxiety and stress but not of depression. The limited (or blocked) ability for personal agency and control in everyday-life activities has a statistically significant association with higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Several limitations of the present study and directions for future investigations on the subject are discussed, together with possible strategies for improving people’s psychic health and well-being under the conditions of the global pandemic.

EXPLORING STOCK MARKET REACTION TO EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK ANNOUNCEMENTS: A CLUSTER ANALYSIS USING UNSUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING

EXPLORING STOCK MARKET REACTION TO EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK ANNOUNCEMENTS: A CLUSTER ANALYSIS USING UNSUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING
(EXPLORING STOCK MARKET REACTION TO EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK ANNOUNCEMENTS: A CLUSTER ANALYSIS USING UNSUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING)

Author(s):Dragomir Genov, Penyo Georgiev, Kiril Desev
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Financial Markets
Page Range:125-133
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:stock market; market returns; market volatility; cluster analysis; machine learning; k-means
Summary/Abstract:Central bank intervention is a vital aspect of economic regulation that significantly impacts stock market dynamics. This study examines short-term price reactions, volatility, and returns by analyzing daily price data for stock market indexes across 30 European countries. Our results reveal that average returns are considerably lower around and after days when the European Central Bank (ECB) announces changes in monetary policy through interest rate hikes. Employing the k-means method and market data for average returns and volatility, we conduct cluster analysis, revealing variations in the number of clusters and countries when using data for a 3-year period versus data only for days when the ECB announcements occurred.

РАЗВИТИЕ НА ПЪТНИЧЕСКИЯ ЖЕЛЕЗОПЪТЕН ТРАНСПОРТ В БЪЛГАРИЯ СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА COVID-19

РАЗВИТИЕ НА ПЪТНИЧЕСКИЯ ЖЕЛЕЗОПЪТЕН ТРАНСПОРТ В БЪЛГАРИЯ СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА COVID-19
(DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER RAIL TRANSPORT IN BULGARIA AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC)

Author(s):Borislav Arnaudov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Socio-Economic Research, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:134-143
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:railway transport; pandemic; energy crisis; environmental friendliness; sustainability
Summary/Abstract:The Covid-19 pandemic seriously affected the economy in every country. It had a heavy impact especially on the transport sector and in particular the passenger sector, where the damage was catastrophic. The health crisis stopped the mobility of people for a long period of time and significantly limited the capacity of passenger transport. The article examines the possible actions to be implemented as measures and outlines the directions for development so that passenger rail transport is more resilient in future crises. It also gives perspective to the transport sector and in particular the rail subsector on how to approach the ‘new normal’ that follows the pandemic. What changed user behavior towards public transport service? What should the new generations of trains look like and how will this impose a new adaptation in offering transport services to people? What can be done to restore passenger trust in rail transport? Is it possible to have a “new mobility paradigm” that takes into account new needs, new requirements and above all environmental and energy concerns. It is no coincidence that one of the few positive impacts of the pandemic was the reduction of greenhouse emissions and the beneficial effect on the environment. At the end of the study, concrete steps are given that should be taken by those responsible for rail transport, so that in the coming years it should be the main role in the mobility of people.

ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ COVID 19, ВЪРХУ КЛЮЧОВИ ФИНАНСОВИ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ В СЕКТОР „49.31- ПЪТНИЧЕСКИ ГРАДСКИ И КРАЙГРАДСКИ ТРАНСПОРТ"

ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ COVID 19, ВЪРХУ КЛЮЧОВИ ФИНАНСОВИ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ В СЕКТОР „49.31- ПЪТНИЧЕСКИ ГРАДСКИ И КРАЙГРАДСКИ ТРАНСПОРТ"
(IMPACT OF THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC ON KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS IN THE SECTOR 49.31 – URBAN AND SUBURBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORTWRITE THE TITLE OF YOUR ARTICLE)

Author(s):Daniel Yordanov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Socio-Economic Research, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:144-156
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:passenger transport; financial analysis; financial situation; Covid 19; complex evaluation
Summary/Abstract:The pandemic of Covid 19 affected transport to a great extent, especially the various modes of passenger transport. All this had an impact on the financial indicators. The financial indicators examined confirm that the sector’s liquidity is greatly reduced compared with the pre-pandemic years, profitability is fluctuating, but it also shows that the measures taken by the Government have had their effect in terms of an increase in return on equity. Overall, there has been an overall deterioration in the sector’s financial and economic indicators.

АНАЛИЗ НА ОТРАЖЕНИЕТО НА ПАНДЕМИЯТА ВЪРХУ ДЕЙНОСТТА НА ПРИСТАНИЩЕ ВАРНА

АНАЛИЗ НА ОТРАЖЕНИЕТО НА ПАНДЕМИЯТА ВЪРХУ ДЕЙНОСТТА НА ПРИСТАНИЩЕ ВАРНА
(ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE PORT OF VARNA)

Author(s):Violeta Mutafchieva, Tashko Minkov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:157-167
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:pandemic; reflection of the pandemic; port of Varna; economic analysis; cargo turnover
Summary/Abstract:The coronavirus pandemic had a negative impact on the transport sector of the country, including the activity of the port of Varna. The main purpose of this report is to analyze the data from the work of the Port of Varna in recent years and to highlight the impact of the pandemic on the main indicators of its activity. To achieve the goal, the main methods of economic analysis, such as the comparison method, the dynamic series method, the index method, etc., have been applied. As a result, an assessment of the impact of the pandemic on the port has been carried out.

ОЦЕНКА НА ВЪЗДЕЙСТВИЕТО НА ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ КОРОНАВИРУСА ВЪРХУ ТОВАРООБОРОТА НА ПРИСТАНИЩЕ БУРГАС

ОЦЕНКА НА ВЪЗДЕЙСТВИЕТО НА ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ КОРОНАВИРУСА ВЪРХУ ТОВАРООБОРОТА НА ПРИСТАНИЩЕ БУРГАС
(ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC ON CARGO TURNOVER AT THE PORT OF BURGAS)

Author(s):Violeta Mutafchieva, Tashko Minkov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:168-177
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:pandemic; impact of the pandemic; port of Burgas; economic analysis; cargo turnover.
Summary/Abstract:The main objective of this report is to assess the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the functioning of the Port of Burgas. To achieve the goal, number of tasks are performed, such as: general assessment of the cargo turnover of the port, analysis of processed cargo by types, analysis of unloaded and loaded cargo quantities, etc. The methods of economic analysis were used, as well as up-to-date statistical information. As a result, main trends in the port‘s activity have been highlighted.

ПРОБЛЕМИ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ НА ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕТО НА ВЪЗДУШНИЯ ПЪТНИЧЕСКИ ТРАНСПОРТ НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКО НИВО СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ КОВИД-19

ПРОБЛЕМИ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ НА ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕТО НА ВЪЗДУШНИЯ ПЪТНИЧЕСКИ ТРАНСПОРТ НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКО НИВО СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ КОВИД-19
(PROBLEMS AND TRENDS OF THE RECOVERY OF AIR PASSENGER TRANSPORT AT EUROPEAN LEVEL AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC)

Author(s):Christina Nikolova, Veronika Garkova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Socio-Economic Research, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:178-187
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:air transport; pandemic; Covid-19; recovery measures
Summary/Abstract:The spread of the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on air travel globally by blocking the sector in early 2020 for almost two years. According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the sector is expected to recover by 2024 until it reaches pre-crisis levels. As a positive trend, at the end of 2022 there is an increase in the number of serviced passengers and the forecasts are for recovery as early as this year. In this regard, this report provides an overview of the trends and problems of the recovery of passenger air transport in Europe after the Covid-19 pandemic, addressing factors such as the geopolitical situation, high aviation fuel prices and lack of staff. The report analyses how these factors affect the recovery of the sector and outlines the directions of its development in the coming years.

ВЪЗМОЖНОСТИ ЗА ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕ И УСТОЙЧИВО РАЗВИТИЕ НА ТРАНСПОРТНИЯ СЕКТОР СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ КОВИД-19

ВЪЗМОЖНОСТИ ЗА ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕ И УСТОЙЧИВО РАЗВИТИЕ НА ТРАНСПОРТНИЯ СЕКТОР СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ КОВИД-19
(OPPORTUNITIES FOR RECOVERY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSPORT SECTOR AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC)

Author(s):Christina Nikolova, Dina Tzonevska
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Public Finances, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:188-200
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:transport; sustainable development; recovery measures; COBID-19; National Recovery; and Sustainability Plan
Summary/Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated restrictive measures to slow the spread of the virus, restricting freedom of movement and other coordinated containment measures. All this has led to profound transformations in the transport sector – technological, economic, and social. All of these measures have crystallized and have become critical to the sustainable recovery of the transport sector from the pandemic. At the national level, a National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) has been adopted to address the pandemic impacts, facilitating economic and social recovery from the crisis. The report provides a comparative analysis of the envisaged measures and reforms of the NSSMP with the areas and actions for sustainable development of transport in Bulgaria identified by the project team under contract No. INI – KP-06-DK2/4 of 30.03.2021, concluded with the Ministry of Education and Science Research Fund. On this basis, it outlines additional areas for taking measures to recover the transport sector from the pandemic. The comparative analysis provides a foundation to summarize that the corresponding actions, investments, and reforms and the highlighted areas and measures for sustainable development in transport are primarily targeted and well-founded. Still, additional steps must be taken to recover and sustain the transport business.

ОЦЕНКА НА РЕХАБИЛИТАЦИОННИТЕ НУЖДИ НА ПАЦИЕНТИТЕ С МУСКУЛНО-СКЕЛЕТНИ СИМПТОМИ, КАТО ЧАСТ ОТ СТРАТЕГИЯТА ЗА ФУНКЦИОНАЛНО ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕ СЛЕД КОВИД-19

ОЦЕНКА НА РЕХАБИЛИТАЦИОННИТЕ НУЖДИ НА ПАЦИЕНТИТЕ С МУСКУЛНО-СКЕЛЕТНИ СИМПТОМИ, КАТО ЧАСТ ОТ СТРАТЕГИЯТА ЗА ФУНКЦИОНАЛНО ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕ СЛЕД КОВИД-19
(REHABILITATION NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MUSCULOSKELETAL SYMPTOMS AS PART OF A FUNCTIONAL POST COVID-19 RECOVERY STRATEGY)

Author(s):Galina Mratskova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Psychology, Sociology, Social psychology and group interaction, Health and medicine and law
Page Range:201-210
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Rehabilitation post COVID-19; Recovery; Restoring of functional activity; Outpatient; Disability
Summary/Abstract:The study aim was to investigate the reasons for and needs towards the rehabilitation in post COVID-19 patients with musculoskeletal symptoms referred for outpatient physiotherapy. Methodology: 138 patients were included in the study with demographic characteristics and information about education, occupation, sport activities, post COVID-19 symptoms duration, acute infection treatment (inpatient/outpatient), persistent musculoskeletal symptoms type and duration, comorbidities, reasons for seeing a doctor specializing in physical medicine, active rehabilitation-seeking behavior – collected. Results: In the observed group, musculoskeletal symptoms persisted for 13(7-20) weeks in average. Most commonly, patients were referred for outpatient rehabilitation for: back pain (68.8%(95)), fatigue (46.4%(64)), myalgia 38.4%(53)), arthralgia (23.9%(33)), physical activity difficulties (20.3%(28)), other causes (10.1%(14)), and shortness of breath(6.5%(9)). 84%(117) of the patients gave more than one reason for seeing specialist and over 80% had comorbidities. Only 31%, had active health behavior and required to be referred for rehabilitation themselves. Conclusions: Rehabilitation is important part of the negative health outcomes reduction for post COVID-19 patients with musculoskeletal symptoms. Active behavior formation and education in the recovery phase is an essential component of long-term management of COVID-19 consequences.

ПРИЛАГАНЕ НА ЕФЕКТИВЕН ЛИДЕРСКИ СТИЛ В КОНТЕКСТА НА ПЕРИОДИТЕ НА КРИЗИСЕН СРИВ И ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕ

ПРИЛАГАНЕ НА ЕФЕКТИВЕН ЛИДЕРСКИ СТИЛ В КОНТЕКСТА НА ПЕРИОДИТЕ НА КРИЗИСЕН СРИВ И ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕ
(APPLICATION OF EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE IN THE CONTEXT OF CRISIS AND RECOVERY PERIODS)

Author(s):Dimo Zhelev
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Human Resources in Economy, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:211-221
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:Leadership; Leadership styles; Crisis; Recovery; Crisis management
Summary/Abstract:The report aims to systematize and analyze leadership style theories in the context of crisis and post-crisis periods. Based on a thorough literature review, the relationships between crisis and leadership, the correlations between leadership theories and their constituent styles, and their application in periods of intense crisis and recovery are investigated. Adherence to more effective leadership styles in a particular situation can optimize a business organization‘s response to crisis events and accelerate the time required for recovery. As a result of the analysis, representatives of both early leadership theories, – early behavioral theories and later situational and modern theories are identified. A classification of leadership styles and their correlation with periods of crisis and recovery is made, with the most intensively expressed differences in leadership behavior being identified.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НА КРИЗИ В ТРАНСПОРТНИЯ СЕКТОР

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НА КРИЗИ В ТРАНСПОРТНИЯ СЕКТОР
(CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR)

Author(s):Kadifka Asanova Borizanova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:222-230
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:transport; management; crises; pandemic
Summary/Abstract:Over the past two years, the global transport sector has been hit hard by two major crises — the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia‘s military aggression against Ukraine. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on society, including the transport sector. The lack of coordination between national measures further affected the transport sector, making cross-border transport more difficult, often exacerbating the effects of the initial shock on people and the economy. (European Commission, 2022) The war in Ukraine is yet to show its impact. The most significant factor affecting the transport sector is the increase in the price of oil, as a result of the sanctions imposed by the European Union on Russia.

ОБЗОР НА ПРОЦЕСИТЕ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ НА ПАЗАРА НА ТРУДА ПРИ ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕ ОТ ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ COVID-19 В ТРАНСПОРТНИЯ СЕКТОР НА ЕС И БЪЛГАРИЯ

ОБЗОР НА ПРОЦЕСИТЕ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ НА ПАЗАРА НА ТРУДА ПРИ ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕ ОТ ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ COVID-19 В ТРАНСПОРТНИЯ СЕКТОР НА ЕС И БЪЛГАРИЯ
(OVERVIEW OF THE PROCESSES AND TRENDS ON THE LABOR MARKET DURING THE RECOVERY OF COVIID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR OF THE EU AND BULGARIA)

Author(s):Nikolay Nikolov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Human Resources in Economy, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:231-248
No. of Pages:18
Keywords:unemployment; GDP; transport; pandemic; employment; workforce; pandemic; social effects
Summary/Abstract:The paper provides and overview of basic KPI’s related to labour force availability, need, demographics and transformation in the transport sector of the EU and Bulgaria. An analysis is provided about basic figures like GDP, job vacancies, unemployment as a result of COVID-19 pandemic influence, as well as how far these figures are affected by the pandemic itself or they are a result of other, more sustainable influence.

COVID-19: ВЪЗДЕЙСТВИЯ И ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВА ПРЕД ТРАНСПОРТНИЯ СЕКТОР И ОТГОВОР НА ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ ПЪТНИ И ТРАНСПОРТНИ АГЕНЦИИ

COVID-19: ВЪЗДЕЙСТВИЯ И ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВА ПРЕД ТРАНСПОРТНИЯ СЕКТОР И ОТГОВОР НА ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ ПЪТНИ И ТРАНСПОРТНИ АГЕНЦИИ
(COVID-19: IMPACTS AND CHALLENGES FOR THE TRANSPORT SECTOR AND RESPONSE TO THE PANDEMIC BY ROAD AND TRANSPORT AGENCIES)

Author(s):Dilyana Yulianova Tyufekchieva Hristova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Socio-Economic Research, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:249-255
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:COVID-19; road transport; roads; mobility
Summary/Abstract:Public health protection policies designed to slow and limit the transmission of COVID-19 have had a dramatic impact on transportation demand. The blockage of mobility and social activity is accompanied by a large drop in economic activity, with countries more dependent on international transport or tourism being particularly adversely affected. This has resulted in a dramatic reduction in passenger and freight transport and a reduction in traffic volume. The pandemic has highlighted the strategic and essential value of road transport for social and economic survival and the inevitable need to protect and manage roads to ensure mobility. Road networks are an essential component for the efficient management of the economy. When outages occur due to hazards, the network is compromised, resulting in serious losses in financial and economic costs to agencies, road operators and transport users. Therefore, in the post-COVID-19 era, it will be more necessary than ever to address the sustainability of roads, transport and related functions. The report contains a summary of webinars of the World Road Association /PIARC/ in the period April 2020 – December 2020.

ЗНАЕМ ЛИ ДОСТАТЪЧНО ЗА ДЕТСКАТА БЕДНОСТ? ПРОСЛЕДЯВАНЕ НА ВЪЗДЕЙСТВИЕТО НА ПАНДЕМИЯТА ВЪРХУ ДЕЦАТА В РИСК ОТ БЕДНОСТ И СОЦИАЛНО ИЗКЛЮЧВАНЕ

ЗНАЕМ ЛИ ДОСТАТЪЧНО ЗА ДЕТСКАТА БЕДНОСТ? ПРОСЛЕДЯВАНЕ НА ВЪЗДЕЙСТВИЕТО НА ПАНДЕМИЯТА ВЪРХУ ДЕЦАТА В РИСК ОТ БЕДНОСТ И СОЦИАЛНО ИЗКЛЮЧВАНЕ
(DO WE KNOW ENOUGH ABOUT CHILD POVERTY? MONITORING THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON CHILDREN AT RISK OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION)

Author(s):Maria Brestnichka
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Sociology, Demography and human biology, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:256-267
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:child poverty and social exclusion; investment in children; access to quality services
Summary/Abstract:Child-related crisis prevention and recovery strategies have a key place among strategies for rebuilding societal systems after the COVID-19 pandemic in both the short and long term. The pandemic has registered difficulties in accessing key services for probably the largest group of vulnerable children – children living at risk of poverty and social exclusion. It is essential to track the impact of the pandemic not only on traditional poverty indicators, but also on financial investment to address the consequences and achieve access and quality of key services.

ВЛИЯНИЕ НА COVID-19 ВЪРХУ ТЕЖКОТОВАРНИЯ СУХОПЪТЕН ТРАНСПОРТ МЕЖДУ ГЪРЦИЯ И ЗАПАДНА ЕВРОПА

ВЛИЯНИЕ НА COVID-19 ВЪРХУ ТЕЖКОТОВАРНИЯ СУХОПЪТЕН ТРАНСПОРТ МЕЖДУ ГЪРЦИЯ И ЗАПАДНА ЕВРОПА
(IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON HEAVY LAND TRANSPORT BETWEEN GREECE AND WEST EUROPE)

Author(s):Ivaylo Tsolov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:268-272
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:heavy road transport; COVID impact; volume of cargo between Greece and West Europe; current market situation
Summary/Abstract:The report addresses important issues related to heavy transport between Greece and West Europe, as well as the impact of the pandemic on it. The relation is also very important for Bulgaria, because a huge part of the transports pass through our country, as well as there are many Bulgarian companies that perform transports under this route. The data are real on the basis of completed courses of the Bulgarian company Discordia AD.

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES IN DESTINATION MANAGEMENT

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES IN DESTINATION MANAGEMENT
(INNOVATIVE APPROACHES IN DESTINATION MANAGEMENT)

Author(s):Mariana Ianeva, Ralitsa Georgieva
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, Tourism, Socio-Economic Research, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:273-283
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:innovations; sensory; destination management; MICE; health; urban-entertainment tourism
Summary/Abstract:The goal of the current study is related to the creation of an innovative model for the development of tourism regions and specialized tourism products that correspond to the modern requirements and needs of the tourists. The research presents innovative approaches of the destination management, such as application of the four classical innovation models, adapted to the tourism product of MICE, health and urban-entertainment types of tourism. The paper also reviews the application of sensory marketing as an innovative approach to the products of the specialized types of tourism, such as MICE, health and urban-entertainment tourism. Sensory marketing is a line of the product innovation that stands out as a direction, related to management, but also to tourism products and, in particular, to the image of the tourism company.

METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCHING THE MANAGEMENT OF FAMILY HOTELS FOR REGION STARA PLANINA

METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCHING THE MANAGEMENT OF FAMILY HOTELS FOR REGION STARA PLANINA
(METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCHING THE MANAGEMENT OF FAMILY HOTELS FOR REGION STARA PLANINA)

Author(s):Mariana Ianeva, Tihomir Draganov
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, Tourism, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:284-295
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:family tourism; mountain tourism; recreational tourism; management
Summary/Abstract:Given the rapidly expanding market for family travel, tourism scholars have noted the growing popularity of connected tourism in recent years. All this calls for extensive research on the phenomenon of family tourism. Numerous studies can be distinguished, depending on whether one is assessing the opportunities in a particular market, the effectiveness of a strategy, a marketing plan, different campaigns or the specific requirements of a particular group of consumers for different products, etc. The present study is focused on the management of the hotel product of family mountain recreational tourism through the implementation of an advanced management model. The object of the study are selected accommodation facilities – one-star family hotels in region Stara Planina (location Veliko Tarnovo, Gabrovo, Troyan), and the aim is to optimize the management by identifying the behavior of the consumer and assessing the management of selected facilities in the tourism region Stara Planina, location Veliko Tarnovo – Gabrovo – Troyan.

GIG ИКОНОМИКАТА СЛЕД COVID-19

GIG ИКОНОМИКАТА СЛЕД COVID-19
(THE GIG ECONOMY AFTER COVID-19)

Author(s):Maria Vodenicharova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:296-304
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:gig economy; Covid-19; technology; transport
Summary/Abstract:The so-called „gig economy“, where self-employed workers are paid to perform individual tasks, is changing the concept of work. The present study is an attempt to analyse the gig economy phenomenon and explain its impact on the labor market after the COVID-19 pandemic. What is special about the development of the gig economy is related to digital platforms, which play an important role in increasing productivity and the level of employment as a result of increasing labor force participation, and facilitate access to lower-paid workers, leading to more specialisation and standardisation of labor.

ESSENCE AND SPECIFICS OF BULGARIAN TOURISM REGIONS – RESOURCE COLLATERAL

ESSENCE AND SPECIFICS OF BULGARIAN TOURISM REGIONS – RESOURCE COLLATERAL
(ESSENCE AND SPECIFICS OF BULGARIAN TOURISM REGIONS – RESOURCE COLLATERAL)

Author(s):Nickolay Tsonev, Svetoslav Kaleychev, Nikola Gaydarov
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, Tourism, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:305-317
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:Tourism regions; Resource collateral; Natural resources; Anthropogenic resources; Tourist destinations
Summary/Abstract:The modern tourism industry of Bulgaria is developing in an extremely dynamic and competitive environment, determining the need to create and implement strategic activities and initiatives to strengthen its place and role in the global tourism market. In recent years, the country has been divided into nine new tourist regions due to the need to create a common vision, successful marketing strategy, sustainable development and management, optimal market positioning and efficient use of natural and anthropogenic tourism resources. These new features provoked this study with an emphasis on resource security of newly created tourism regions, as different and specific resources can be perceived as one of the most important competitive advantages, creating a unique and memorable image of tourism regions and destinations. The obtained results are important for outlining the trends and prospects for the development of the tourism regions of Bulgaria. The scientific usefulness of this study is revealed in the presentation of the available natural and anthropogenic resources, which ensure the future development of tourism in the country and the newly created nine tourist regions. This study presenting the available natural and anthropogenic tourism resources which can be useful for assessing the opportunities and prospects for the development of the newly created nine tourism regions in Bulgaria.

СИСТЕМАТА ЗА ТЪРГОВИЯ С ВЪГЛЕРОДНИ ЕМИСИИ КАТО НАТИСК ЗА ИЗПЪЛНЕНИЕ НА ЗЕЛЕНИТЕ ЦЕЛИ

СИСТЕМАТА ЗА ТЪРГОВИЯ С ВЪГЛЕРОДНИ ЕМИСИИ КАТО НАТИСК ЗА ИЗПЪЛНЕНИЕ НА ЗЕЛЕНИТЕ ЦЕЛИ
(THE EMISSIONS TRADING SYSTEM AS A PUSH TO GREEN GOALS IMPLEMENTATION)

Author(s):Petko Truhchev
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Financial Markets
Page Range:318-327
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:carbon emissions; EU; energy transition; COVID-19; economic recovery
Summary/Abstract:This survey focuses on the energy transition through the EU Emissions Trading System. The short-term impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the exchange-traded market of emission allowances and their shock price rise during the recovery process show an upward price trend that the pandemic slows down for a short period of time. The post-COVID economic recovery acts as an accelerator for the increase in the price of emissions allowances, due to the changed market conditions – a consequence of the pandemic. A thesis for the marginal price rise of the traded carbon allowances has been formulated through the interpretative method of factor analysis. The main conclusion is that their price will increase until renewable energy fully meets energy demand, and high emission energy sources drop out of the market once their carbon emissions marginal cost exceeds the cost of their production.

АНАЛИЗ ЗА СВЪРЗАНОСТТА НА ЛЕТИЩНАТА ИНДУСТРИЯ СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ КОВИД-19 И ПРЕПОРЪКИ КЪМ ПО ЕФЕКТИВЕН И УСТОЙЧИВ ПАЗАР НА НАЗЕМНОТО ОБСЛУЖВАНЕ

АНАЛИЗ ЗА СВЪРЗАНОСТТА НА ЛЕТИЩНАТА ИНДУСТРИЯ СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ КОВИД-19 И ПРЕПОРЪКИ КЪМ ПО ЕФЕКТИВЕН И УСТОЙЧИВ ПАЗАР НА НАЗЕМНОТО ОБСЛУЖВАНЕ
(AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONNECTIVITY OF THE AIRPORT INDUSTRY AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND RECOMMENDATIONS TOWARDS AN EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE GROUND HANDLING MARKET)

Author(s):Adalbert Milanov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:328-336
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:air transport; ground handling; airports
Summary/Abstract:More than two years after the start of the pandemic and finally in 2022, air traffic is seen returning closer to 2019 levels. in this connectivity of the airport industry. Passenger traffic in Europe has jumped by 247% in the first half of 2022. compared to the same period the previous year – meaning airports handled an additional 660 million passengers. The analysis shows that the recovery of air connectivity in Europe is anything but uniform or linear. However, dealing with the sudden increase and concentration of passenger traffic during peak times is a challenge for Europe‘s airports and their operating partners – especially for ground operators – due to acute staff shortages.

ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВА ПРЕД УЧАСТИЕТО НА ИНОВАТИВНИ БЪЛГАРСКИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ В ГЛОБАЛНИТЕ ВЕРИГИ НА СТОЙНОСТТА

ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВА ПРЕД УЧАСТИЕТО НА ИНОВАТИВНИ БЪЛГАРСКИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ В ГЛОБАЛНИТЕ ВЕРИГИ НА СТОЙНОСТТА
(CHALLENGES TO PARTICIPATION OF BULGARIAN INNOVATIVE COMPANIES IN THE GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS)

Author(s):Daniela Georgieva
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Transport / Logistics
Page Range:337-346
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:global value chains; innovation; low-tech sector; high-tech sector
Summary/Abstract:Because of COVID-19 new challenges to the development and efficiency of global value chains (GVCs) appears. They are related to the innovativeness of enterprises and their current and future participation in the chains. The main goal of the paper is to analyze the challenges of COVID-19 and the attitudes towards the participation of innovative Bulgarian low-tech and high-tech enterprises in GVS. The used methods of the study are desk research, logical, inductive, deductive and comparative methods, as well as the method of case-study.

БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ НАЦИОНАЛНИ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКИ КОМПЛЕКСИ: ЕМПИРИЧЕН АНАЛИЗ ПРЕДИ И ПРИ ПАНДЕМИЯТА COVID – 19

БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ НАЦИОНАЛНИ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКИ КОМПЛЕКСИ: ЕМПИРИЧЕН АНАЛИЗ ПРЕДИ И ПРИ ПАНДЕМИЯТА COVID – 19
(THE BULGARIAN NATIONAL TOURIST COMPLEXES: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC)

Author(s):Vesela Dimitrova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Tourism, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:347-361
No. of Pages:15
Keywords:tourism; panel data; fixed-effects model
Summary/Abstract:The national resort complexes have a significant role for the tourism in Bulgaria. The goal of this paper is to build and estimate an econometric model of the revenue from the overnight stays and the realized overnight stays at the resort complexes of national importance for Bulgaria under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal is achieved, on one hand, by analysing the dynamics and the structure of the following indicators: accommodation places, beds, overnight stays and income from overnight stays, and on the other hand, by building, estimating and analysing an econometric model with panel data. For this purpose, fixed-effects least squares dummy variable (LSDV) panel regression is implemented. The results of the estimated panel model show the impact of the overnight stays on the overnight revenues from them under the shock conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. There are noticeable differences regarding the impact of the pandemic crisis on the overnight stays and the revenues from them, both between the Bulgarian and the foreign citizens and between the mountain and the sea resorts of Bulgaria. The obtained results provide an enrichment of the knowledge about functioning dependencies in tourism, which can serve for justifying relevant management policies in tourism.

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ НА КРЪГОВАТА ИКОНОМИКА В ЗЪРНОПРОИЗВОДСТВОТО НА СЕВЕРОИЗТОЧЕН РАЙОН

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ НА КРЪГОВАТА ИКОНОМИКА В ЗЪРНОПРОИЗВОДСТВОТО НА СЕВЕРОИЗТОЧЕН РАЙОН
(APPLICATION OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN GRAIN PRODUCTION OF THE NORTH-EAST AREA)

Author(s):Teodorina Turlakova, Gergana Slavova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Agriculture, Energy and Environmental Studies
Page Range:362-372
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:circular economy; business model; pellets; grain production
Summary/Abstract:The applied classical model of economic development from the industrial revolution to today has exhausted its possibilities, which has various economic-market manifestations from the increase in the prices of raw materials due to their depletion to the need to protect the environment and the increasing need for energy. After a number of scientific discussions and studies, the concept of the „circular economy“ was established, based on the regenerative approach of production. The circular economy is implemented through a variety of measures, activities and approaches depending on the characteristics of the region and/or sector, as a result of which business models and cycles can be typified. The purpose of this article is to analyze the existing and potential models of the circular economy applicable in the grain production of the Northeastern region of Bulgaria.

ЕНЕРГИЙНА СИГУРНОСТ ИЛИ ИКОНОМИЧЕСКА НЕСИГУРНОСТ НА ЕС СЛЕД РУСКАТА ИНВАЗИЯ В УКРАЙНА НА ФОНА НА ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕТО НА СЪЮЗА СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ COVID-19

ЕНЕРГИЙНА СИГУРНОСТ ИЛИ ИКОНОМИЧЕСКА НЕСИГУРНОСТ НА ЕС СЛЕД РУСКАТА ИНВАЗИЯ В УКРАЙНА НА ФОНА НА ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕТО НА СЪЮЗА СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ COVID-19
(EU ENERGY SECURITY OR ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY AFTER THE RUSSIAN INVASION OF UKRAINE ALONG WITH THE RECOVERY OF THE UNION AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC)

Author(s):Svetoslav Spasov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies
Page Range:373-379
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:energy security; energy independence; EU; economy; Covid-19; Russian invasion of Ukraine
Summary/Abstract:The socio-economic crisis in the EU caused by the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic has led to a decline in economic development, an increase in public spending, budget deficits and public debts, putting pressure on social systems and increasing poverty worldwide. A second crisis, immediately after the first one, was caused by the Russian military invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, which forced the EU, due to the increased electricity prices, to urgently adopt strategies for energy security and independence from energy supplies from Russia, betting on a transition to a clean energy from renewable energy sources, which would guarantee a secure energy supply at affordable prices and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, within a stable general economic environment. The Union has also begun to allocate serious funds to energy connectivity, balance, affordability and sustainability among its member states.

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ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И СТРАТЕГИИ ЗА ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕ НА ИКОНОМИЧЕСКАТА И ОБЩЕСТВЕНАТА СИСТЕМА СЛЕД ПАНДЕМИЯТА ОТ COVID-19 TRENDS AND STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC AND PUBLIC SYSTEM REBUILDING AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC