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The paper discusses some modern approaches in the research of metaphor. Metaphor is viewed as a phenomenon of interaction of language, thinking and culture. It is becoming one of the most important scientific objects in discourse-cognitive paradigm of modern research.
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Although the semantics of collective nouns has always attracted linguists' attention, their pragmatic aspect is still not fully described. The objects of study in this article are the linguistic units with collective significance - nominations of groups of people in Bulgarian political discourse. Some key trends in their use for the purposes of political evaluation are described: 1) the replacement of axiological character in lexemes such as proletariat, elektorat, partiya, koalitsiya and others; 2) activation of collective lexemes from the metaphorical frame "criminal groups of people" such as shaika, banda, mafiya, grupirovka; metaphorical use of non-anthropological lexemes with collective meaning stado, glutnitsa, bokluk, gyubre, sbirshtolyak, matryal and others. Some specific word- and paragraph-formation leading to the appearance of occasional forms with collective semantics and expressive meaning are also discussed.
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This article thematizes rethinking the recent past of Bulgaria in the literature with the following main points: the world of spirituality as an escape from socialist realism, the friendship between the peoples of Eastern Bloc, class enemy, collectivism and individualism ascent in the social hierarchy, talking and thinking as parallel worlds, respect to the historical past, homeland and identity.
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Based on the films A Knight Without An Armour and Yo- Ho-Ho, the article is an attempt at analyzing the image of the adult in Valeri Petrov's screenplays which could provisionally be called children's. The work points out the romantic substrate of the authors' concept about the adults, focusing on the thesis that while communicating with the child they express simultaneously the aspects of their social role, their individual consciousness and the extent of their individual morality.
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The study discusses some problems with the theory and practice of morphological analysis in school education (5.-7. Grade). Its place in the teaching of Bulgarian language and the reasons for morphology to be dominant in the curriculum are justified in the study. Two levels (first and second step) are differentiated in the use of morphological analysis and tasks for its implementation are proposed. Parts of speech and some grammatical categories are described in theoretical terms. The high frequency of synthetic exercises in teaching morphology are motivated in terms of their functionality and utility to enhance speech and language competence of the students.
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The complicated matter of language makes the task of bilingual dictionaries difficult, since they have to present the meaning of lemmas as well as possible contrasting the vocabulary of two languages. An active dictionary enables users to produce correct texts in the foreign language. The user should get as many equivalents as possible, and also learn about meaning differences, stylistic characteristics and usage of different equivalents. A dictionary has to offer paraphrases, synonyms and text examples of word and idiom usage. In a bi-directional dictionary, e. g. Bulgarian-German and German-Bulgarian, the user should be enabled to double-check potential translation using the passive dictionary (back translation).Thus bilingual dictionaries in their usual form are not able to help the user translate stylistically marked and lexically non¬isomorphic texts or texts with too many idiomatic expressions. A great deal of the lexical richness remains hidden to the user who relies on the help of the bilingual dictionary. The two parts of the dictionary should be relatively symmetric. This article contains some suggestions how to achieve this relative symmetry.
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The article deals with the concept of 'vanity'. Usually the concepts have a basic meaning, up to date for all carriers of a particular culture, additional "passive" tags that are important to particular social groups and an internal, unconscious form. The concept of 'vanity' as an element of a valueable picture of the world has a different semantic scope, in many ways it is real for different social groups and is experienced differently in different periods of culture development. In the paper we analyse the processes of understanding and interpretation of this concept, as well as its emotional coloring in the media discourse.
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Mythologems 'bear - a totem, idol, god' and 'bear - a man' are the foundation of the cultural component of the concept 'bear' in Russian language and culture. The subsequent historical and cultural development of the concept is due to the influence of these myth's structures as prototypes of the conceptual model of the world. These conceptual images are formed within prelogical understanding and explaining of the reality. The archetypal representations, clad in a linguistic form and transformed of consciousness in the semantic structure are an integral part of Russian culture. They function at different stages of Russian culture and as a conceptual framework guide the development of modern linguistic consciousness.
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The present research work dwells on the typical metaphorical sources for the fraud in the Bulgarian and German language and cultural community. In both cultures one and the same metaphorical sources are the devil, the darkness/ the dark, the dirthiness/ dirty, the stink, the bait, etc. The differences in the use of metaphorical sources come as a result of the coexistence with other linguistic and cultural communities.
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The paper explores the linguistic means of promoting the discourse of racism against the majority in Bulgarian and British nationalistic newspapers in a comparative perspective. The object of analysis is mostly nationalistic publications from Bulgaria and the UK with references to the national press when applicable.
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The present article studies Sibylle Lewitscharoffs interpretation of own and foreign. The attitude of criticism of the novel resembles the literary works of the Austrian writer Thomas Bernhardt, not in style, melody or linguistic structures, but in intensity and power of literary provocation towards the readers. The art of exaggeration (Ubertreibungskunst), in which Bernhardt excels, is not an end in itself in Lewitscharoffs novel. Both authors use the drastic hyperbole in order to twist (zur Kenntlichkeit entstellen) the poverty of spirit imposed by the myths, maybe in an attempt to make it...surmountable, until it becomes recognizable.
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The paper reports the results of a survey, which aims to uncover student teachers' perceptions of classroom observation and its effectiveness in the context of trainees' overall professional learning. The survey reveals how future teachers apply theoretical knowledge in their perception, analysis and discussion of the lessons observed at school, and how they perceive a recorded lesson and a live lesson. The findings presented in this paper show that trainees consider observation and reflection on classroom action an eye-opening and reassuring experience that is an essential factor for the development of their professional experience in the subsequent stages of the teaching practice and in their prospective teaching career.
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The paper presents the cognitive taxonomy of constructions focusing on the relationship between the English present progressive construction and the constructions preceding it. The theoretical aspect of the cognitive model for acquiring the present progressive construction is based on Tomasello's usage-based theory, Croft's construction grammar and Goldberg's cognitive grammar. The main principle is that learners process the language relying explicitly on cognitive skills that they are known to possess. The methodological aspect is expressed through the use of the lingua-didactic model. Intralingual and interlingual interference play an important role in SLA and explain some of the reasons for the errors of Bulgarians learning English.
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In reproductive students' texts the coreference of objects is the most obvious. Generally the students follow the model of the nominal chain as given in the original text. The students do not have problem in sticking to referent amount corresponding the nominal chains, as in choosing the primary element in coreferent chain. However, they very rarely use coreferent hyponyms, contextual synonyms or paraphrases from the original text. The mistakes in the texts in building nominal chains are of two basic types - grammatical and stylistic. Ambiguity (due to usage of pronominatives, related to two elements with the same morphological features in a previous context) and useless (stylistically unmotivated) repetitions appear freqently.
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The paper analyzes names of Bulgarians which are perceived as foreign due to morphological instruments or phonetic changes.
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There is a necessity of massive investigations of Turkish literary language’s oral speech in the point of view the codification norm and the use. This is very important for obtaining reliable data in comparative investigations. On the basis of auditory and acoustic analysis there have been written many peculiarities in the speech norm - Ankara variant , but they have not been marked up to now in orthoepic dictionaries and phonetic literature.
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The article is about the research on the one of most popular language instruments - metaphorical nominations and there stages of the process of metaphorisation. Each metaphorical construction passes through several stages: comparison and image metaphore to dead image metaphore and language nomination. The main metaphorical images are based on the peculiar cultural representations of the nation.
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In the conversational speech we express positive and negative emotions and attitudes to all kinds of referents. The exemples from the german and the Bulgarian conversational speech are represented in accordance with their belonging to the different levels of the linguistic structure. The study is a short variant of my habilitation about taboos and the using of euphemisms and dysphemisms in the Bulgarian and the german public area.
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The dream in the Book of Dede Korkut has two hypostases. On the one hand it is the natural state of man, which alternates with the bright state. Very often, however, the dream is a particular state dream, called "The little death". This is a dream, which is typical of the beks and may continue for weeks. During this dream possible visions of the nether world are possible. On the other hand very interested are the dreams themselves, many of which are archetypal visions of the future and the heralds of the future.’The Little Death’ is a particular state when "kut" temporarily leaves the human body and is a third, intermediate member of the opposition between life and death.
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The role of communication tehniques in the Bulgarian language education and their variety are explicated in the text. Communication tehniques are apprehended as a mechanism for transformatio of the communicative intention into a speech product. Effective educational practices are offered and realized using various communication techniques. Theoretical formulations are presented with practical examples, accompanied by methodological comment.
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