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The article studies the possibility to express a verbal referential point using pluperfect based on the concept of temporal independence/non-independence of tense forms as an indicator of their dependence on non-verbal markers. It is proved that pluperfect cannot express a verbal referential point since correlation with other antecedent situation conditions its use.
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The article studies verbal behavior of communicators at a job interview. The paper expands the scope of the Russian speech strategies and tactics. As a result of the analysis of live communicative material, a range of verbal behavior tactics (such as self-promotion, self-criticism,“open positivism”, etc.) facilitating implementation of the main communicative strategy ofa job seeker, namely the strategy of self-presentation, are defined. Wrong communicative moves (such as evading a question, justification, etc.) are also revealed.
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The article studies the issues of interaction between the material world and the world of language and specifies the conditions of entrance of a thing and the word denoting it to the sphere of precedence. We determine the semantics of the cultural sign tubeteika and the behavioral code of a person who uses the mentioned sign based on representation of the function of this precedent thing-sign in verbal and polycode texts of mass media. According to the understanding that semantics of a thing-sign is subordinated to its symbolic function, we state the extension of the traditional meaning of the cultural sign tubeteika in the communicative space of Tatarstan.
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The article addresses local texts as a representation of the regional identity and as a form and the method of its creation. During the two recent decades there has been a real boom of local texts which became a reaction vis-à-vis the existing identity crisis. This is the way for local communities to establish “the local order against background of a global chaos” in the context of the “liquid modernity” (Z. Bauman), by trying to make its space more meaningful through constructing special features of their locus. The author of the article defines the phenomenon of the “Kaliningrad text” as a “local super-text” that has emerged as a manifestation of the Kaliningrad sub-culture and representation of a regional identity. The article emphasizes structural characteristics of the “Kaliningrad super-text”, its key themes and tunes, the stages of its genesis and trends of its development.
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The article deals with the mass media discourse related to the terrorist attack occurred in summer 2012 in Kazan. The analysis of publications from the federal newspaper Rossiyskaya Gazeta and the regional newspaper Respublika Tatarstan made it possible to identify characteristic features of the images of “us” and “them” as well as similarities and differences in their representation. The ideological means used in the texts and contributing to the preservation or transformation of the relations of domination in the region are determined.
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The article shows that social knowledge is generated in communicative action and cannot exist prior to or outside the boundaries of the discourse space in which the action is carried out. The impact of accumulated knowledge on human society is explained not by its existence as a hypostatized sphere of the “third world”, but by the fact that the perlocutionary effect is actualized in a speech act as the articulation of a discourse. Discourse as a cohesion between text and context (extra-linguistic reality) is a purview of social patterns and norms.
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The article analyzes the media narrative of arson attacks on Orthodox churches, which occurred in autumn 2013 in Tatarstan. The study of news programs on three national TV channels (Channel One, Russia and NTV) allowed us to identify the basic elements of the narrative’s plotline and the characteristic features of the images of “we” and “them” and their variations. The analysis revealed a transformation from the counter-cultural rhetoric of the messages to the criminal one, which served as a way of completion of the media narrative and formation of a complete picture of reality.
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Media literacy is one of the most important competences in the 21st century. It is not only the requirement for appropriate access to information and media content, but also the condition for their correct reception (understanding) and participation in cultural, civic and social spheres. For this reason, diagnosis and survey of media literacy is one of the most important subjects of contemporary scientific discussion. This article discusses key problems faced by researchers planning to measure media literacy, such as: the choice of the correct model of literacy (along with the specification of detailed components, levels etc.), the selection of the supervisory institution and methods, as well as the construction of a measurement tool. These problems are also examined in the context of Polish proposals dealing with this issue.
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While the majority of research on media and information literacy use quantitative and standardized techniques based on declarations, the “Diagnosis of media and information literacy of Poles” went beyond this approach by asking respondents to try to solve everyday problems – with or without ICT. This perspective showed that internet non‑users and users with moderate digital skills were very creative and utilized mixed alternative strategies, taking advantage of traditional media, other highly‑skilled internet users, “analog” ways of conduct and – to various extent – self‑reliant internet use. The results indicate that there is a need for a wider perspective in media and information literacy studies and shed additional light on issues such as digital divide and digital inclusion.
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The space of social media has enabled internet users to redefine their role in online activities. Owing to the development of internet applications and the availability of the web itself, internet users can shift from passive observation and reception toward active participation and creation of a wide range of content types. Within the social media, internet users may also outline spheres of activity described as private (such as their social media profiles). Frequently, however, activities that employees themselves view as private, translate into the general perception of the organization they represent and may impact their professional future – hence the employers’ attempts to regulate such activities and to define behaviors viewed as undesirable or unrecommended (social media policy). The article presents an analysis of employees’ media literacy in the context of their social media activity.
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The article focuses on “health literacy” and “health‑related information literacy” in the context of the quality and availability of health‑related information to be found online and through other popular channels. Considering the low levels of health literacy among Poles and the lack of high quality information sources in this area, there is a pressing need to develop competences in question. Users’ internet activity encourages to use online contents as an educational tool and to conduct further research on the patterns of informational behavior within abovementioned field.
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This article has explored some of the ways through which intertextuality manifested itself in the children’s fiction of the early twentieth century. I have demonstrated that to understand e Wonderful Wizard of Oz as a case of intertextuality means understanding it in the context of the industrial rise of mass production and the emergence of new printing technologies that allowed for these intertextual connections to be made. Coloured printing, advertising, printed maps, posters, and circulated reviews in newspapers and trade papers were just some of the key mechanisms exploited by author L. Frank Baum to expand his Oz stories into tapestries of intertextual, transtextual story threads that interwove across multiple novels and other media forms. Comprehending the historical roots of prominent theoretical concepts related to intertextuality – such as the work of Kristeva, Barthes, and Caselli – thus means re -framing and re -emphasising more practical developments towards industrialisation around the turn of the twentieth century. Historicising in this way may allow us more clearly and more fully to conceptualise something like intertextuality – using history to see how it emerged, how it manifests in different contexts, and indeed how it evolves across both media and history.
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This article takes as a point of departure a collection of letters sent to the Polish Radio in which listeners remembered their first experiences of listening to the radio in the late 1920s. Some of the analysed letters were written before the >> World War, but a majority of them was sent to Polish Radio in reply to two campaigns entitled “Listeners write history of Polish Radio” that were organized in late 1950s and next in 1970s. The analysis of these letters, combined with the study of press materials from the period, allowed the author to present how did some new listening practices and phantasms grow in relation to the new medium.
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This paper develops the basic ideas of the Internet folklore theory, which has been actively worked out in modern media research. Agreeing with the opinion of M.D. Alekseevskii on the main trends of this research school, an attempt is made to fill one of the gaps: the lack of research on folklore-type communication and its features in the Internet space. Five conditions for the appearance of folklore-type communication are singled out. The paper deals with each of these conditions and provides examples of folklore communications such as the popular Russian-speaking forum pikabu.ru. Particular attention is given to the self-identification of users/participants of communication, as well as the locality of this self-identification. It is emphasized that Internet should be considered as an analogue of the reality rather than a homogenous media space.
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In the paper group‑making and social bonds making potency of film as a certain kind of art and entertainment is discussed. Emotions that accompany watching the movies are carried out of the circumstances of reception of a film work and are manifested in the creation of a certain kind of social relations. Specific character of such group activity is also manifested in the Internet environment. A movie, as cultural text, becomes as a particular focus center, which is attractive enough to have a potency for the creation of certain communities. The latter occur as social groups of a unique character, that relies in the specific nature of environment in which they emerge. Movie blogs and www sites concerning movies, cinema and film art display a significant strength for creating social bonds depending on cinema as a specific environment and on the emotions generated by the movies.
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This article aims to show the importance of lifestyle media in social and cultural practices. This paper presents the history of changes of this media. The role that lifestyle media plays in the formation of taste, status and identity of individuals is also covered.
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The issue of using linking technique among the internet is an object of analysis of many specialists representing various scientific fields. From the legal perspective linking is also significant problem, what is best proven by many judicial decisions. European Union legal acts which were projected for the purpose of harmonization of regulations turned out to be the starting point for wider discussion in the range of legal aspects of linking. Problems connected by aforementioned issue are also intensified by its large scale. Only basing on life experience the range and potential of linking activity can be intuitively determined. Concerned issue can be of profound importance for the creative sector, especially film industry which frequently uses various linking techniques for the purpose of illustration of opinion or presentation. For this reason despite the legal and technical subject of this article it is worth to became acquainted with basic legal regulations and latest judiciary decisions, which are of significant importance for their interpretation.
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Internet users often cut of from traditional media. This rule applies to both the content and the structure. Prepared materials are fully original, and the only limit is the creativity, technical feasibility and the reactions of recipients. This freedom attracts amateurs of journalism as well as professionals. That is why in the Internet we can and a lot of editorial offices and individual journalists (and not journalists). One of the popular programs is talk show. Talk show is a journalism genre known from 67. It has a well-defined structure of the program and the roles of journalist and guest. Is Internet programs named a talk show are the same as the television? Do the authors rightly have chosen this name for the offered transmission?
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Art without the technology does not exist… Availability of digital media, computers and software makes the art goes to private homes, crosses the boundaries of intimacy. Contemporary art is interactive, changeable, inconstant and hybrid.
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The article examines the specificity of semantic jammings based on emerging practices of subversion and wide -range of symbolic strategies adopted by hackers and pirates in order to oppose to the domination of cognitive capitalism. Aiming to reverse the established meanings, jammers or hackers oppose to an advent of cognitive capitalism and shed a new light on ambiguous status of piracy. Although their activity undermines copyright by using both practices of appropriations and internet hackings, nevertheless serves predominantly as the medium of freedom of speech. Referring to the battles fought between hackers and crackers during Balkan Wars and media hijacking in the area of Net -art, the author stresses that these two semantic contexts both explain the contemporary dynamics of countercultural competences and express the critical views on democratic sharing of knowledge.
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