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Perspectiva SSSCIP asupra atacurilor cibernetice derulate în contextul conflictului militar dintre Federația Rusă și Ucraina (ianuarie 2022 – ianuarie 2024)

Author(s): Mihai Olteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2024

This paper evaluates the reports of the SSSCIP regarding cyber-attacks carried out against Ukraine from January 2022 to January 2024. From the exploitation of the CaddyWiper malware, attributed by SSSCIP to APT SANDWORM, to the sophisticated campaigns of the FSB and the cyber-attack on Kyivstar, the paper provides an insight into Russian-origin cyber-attacks against Ukraine, as reported by the main Ukrainian authority in the field, SSSCIP. The purpose of the article is to identify how SSSCIP reported cyber-attacks on Ukrainian IT&C infrastructures, the completeness of the published data, and the way the campaigns are presented. To achieve this goal, all SSSCIP reports from the reference period were evaluated, and only those that materialized and affected IT&C infrastructures were included in the study. In conclusion, the paper will primarily highlight the limitations of SSSCIP reports and, secondarily, SSSCIP’s perspective on the domains most frequently targeted by cyber-attacks and the capabilities of Russian actors.

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Dinamica dezinformării. Impactul camerelor de ecou în modelarea opiniei publice online din România

Author(s): Ștefania-Elena Stoica / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2024

The proliferation of misinformation and the emergence of echo chambers in the online environment pose significant challenges to modern democracies, directly impacting public opinion and social behaviors. This study focuses on the analysis of a Facebook group centered around a prominent Romanian political figure, boasting 93,800 members and averaging ten daily posts. Using advanced machine learning and AI-based hate speech detection, the study uncovers systematic echo chamber construction and the amplification of misinformation. The findings emphasize the influence of online echo chambers on public opinion and underscore the need to maintain information integrity in the media landscape and communication. This research has important implications for scholars, policymakers, and media practitioners, indicating the critical need to address the challenges posed by misinformation and echo chambers in the online environment.

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Implicații ale terorismului jihadist în spațiul cibernetic

Author(s): Bianca Brandea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2024

The terrorist attack on the 11th of September, 2001, marked the change in the West’s perception of the Middle East and vice versa. Followed by the US military presence in the Middle East, this event contributed to the development of the means of terrorist actions around the world and the popularization of jihad. The hostile attitude of the West thus succeeded in maintaining the state of tension between the two spaces. Over time, jihadist and terrorist groups have been joined by members originating from the West who were convinced by the importance of the “missions” they later undertook. In the present paper, we will focus on the transposition and continuation of hostilities in both geographic and cyber spaces, with reference even to the current Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

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The need for an integrated model of smart warfare

Author(s): Matei BLĂNARU / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2024

Unfortunately, the war in Ukraine and many other events or processes taking place all over the world show us that perhaps there can be no smart peace unless we are ready to fight a smart war. Both against conventional or unconventional enemies, both regarding symmetrical or asymmetrical warfare. And if we are beginning to see our society in terms of smart governance, smart education, smart economy or smart people, which means we see it in terms of smart peace and smart society, then there is definitely the need to see war and conflict in an integrated, compact vision of smart war. We use observation to point out how a large series of contemporary events and processes, starting from cybersecurity issues, aerial, terrestrial, or maritime drones, electronic warfare equipment meant to counter these drones, propaganda, and disinformation easily spread through rapid smart means of worldwide mass communication, and of course, Artificial Intelligence, microprocessors, or fledgling space warfare where satellites can be used to attack rival satellites, need to be addressed in an inclusive, integrated conceptual approach of smart warfare focused on the future and not as separate events or developments patched up upon conventional warfare equipment or thinking. We need to understand that “smartness” is all about peace, but all about war as well, if we want a smart peace to last or if we want to be able to defend it, as Romania has a definitely defensive strategy. We are building a smart peace, but we have to prepare for a smart war as well.

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Disinformation Dynamics Unveiling the Impact of Echo Chambers in Shaping Online Public Opinion

Author(s): Ștefania-Elena Stoica / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2024

The proliferation of misinformation and the emergence of echo chambers in the online environment pose significant challenges to modern democracies, directly impacting public opinion and social behaviors. This study focuses on the analysis of a Facebook group centered around a prominent Romanian political figure, boasting 93,800 members and averaging ten daily posts. Using advanced machine learning and AI-based hate speech detection, the study uncovers systematic echo chamber construction and the amplification of misinformation. The findings emphasize the influence of online echo chambers on public opinion and underscore the need to maintain information integrity in the media landscape and communication. This research has important implications for scholars,policymakers, and media practitioners, indicating the critical need to address the challenges posed by misinformation and echo chambers in the online environment.

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Implications of the jihadist terrorism in cyberspace

Author(s): Bianca Brandea / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2024

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Manifestări religioase în spațiul virtual și implicațiile acestora față de securitatea cibernetică

Author(s): Ciprian Ion Ioniță / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 03/2024

With the advent of the internet, a new world was born. The question arises whether the new religious networks formed in this space will constitute viable communities for the future or if they will prove to be merely auxiliary elements. Cyberspace can represent both a utility for religion in relation to the tumultuous world of the 21st century and a disguised trap, both for the representatives of religious denominations and their followers. The emergence of the internet and its irreversible impact on human communication has quickly generated the manifestation of a new type of religiosity in the virtual world.

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Riscuri, amenințări și vulnerabilități legate de platformele social media și motoarele de căutare. Reglementări și cadre juridice naționale

Author(s): Dănuț Maftei,Lorin Nicolae BOGDAN-DUICĂ / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 04/2024

Online social media platforms and search engines are used more and more by violent people, criminal offenders, cybercriminals, and other state or non-state malicious actors, who are involved in activities connected to hybrid threats and foreign interference, causing challenges for children, girls, women, citizens, societies, economies, critical services, democracy, and homeland security. Neglecting the proliferation of illegal activities not only erodes trust in online platforms but also places at risk the security and privacy of its users. To counter efficiently all the challenges, urgent new regulatory frameworks are needed. The regulations should be applied to social media platforms, search engines, and services that allow users to post content online or to interact with each other.

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Alin-Gabriel GĂLEATĂ, Discursul media și comunicarea instituțională, Cluj-Napoca, Casa Cărții de Știință, 2023, 312p

Author(s): Ioana-Crina Prodan / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2024

Review of Alin-Gabriel GĂLEATĂ, Discursul media și comunicarea instituțională, Cluj-Napoca, Casa Cărții de Știință, 2023, 312p.

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ТЕНДЕНЦИИ В МАРКЕТИНГОВИТЕ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ

Author(s): Atanas Luizov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Digital technologies are transforming marketing research, offering new opportunities to understand consumers and optimize marketing strategies. The growing volume of data and the complexity of analysis create new challenges for researchers. This article analyzes how these changes shape contemporary marketing research practices, emphasizing the importance of adaptability and technological innovation.

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ЕФЕКТИВНО ОБЩУВАНЕ ПРИ ЗАСТРАХОВАТЕЛНОТО КОНСУЛТИРАНЕ

Author(s): Galina Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Insurance consulting places the potential Insurer or client with his specific goals, desires, dreams and fears at the center of the insurance service. This requires knowing the customer, which in turn is based on intensive communication. Professional insurance intermediaries are trained and consciously and actively use the possibilities of structured communication, taking into account the ways in which customers perceive and process information. In the studio, emphasis is placed on the need for effective communication and the features of its competent structuring during the consulting engagement. The specifics of the Basic Information Document, the elements of pre-contractual information in insurance and the approaches to sustainable communication in the competitive performance of insurance intermediaries have been studied. Guidelines for constructive overcoming by insurance intermediaries of objections from potential and current clients are noted.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF CIVILIAN OVERSIGHT OF THE SECURITY SECTOR THROUGH PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES

Author(s): Desislava MADZHAROVA / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Civil society and parliamentary control over the system for national security are the basic principles of the state system in countries with parliamentary government. Without the observance of basic principles of democratic control, the idea of a democratic and legal state cannot materialize. The complex environment of uncertainty, which includes unconventional hybrid wars, generates new challenges, risks and threats to national and international security, different from the ones we know. In this context, security sector institutions strive to adapt to the challenges. Since security is central to people’s well-being, it is essential that their views should be clearly reflected in the security policy. Parliament is responsible for establishing the legal parameters, adopting the budget and monitoring the relevant activities. To fully exercise these responsibilities, it needs wide access to information, the necessary technical expertise, the power and the intention to keep the executive under control. In this article, we will try to give a real picture of the concept of active citizen control by presenting information analysed and extracted from focus group discussions, which reflects a qualitative and topical nature. The legislative process is a complex factual composition carried out according to a strictly normatively regulated procedure. In this context, the necessity of imposing a legal initiative must be established in advance, based on permanent observations, analytical studies and research. Therefore, the research method used throughout this paper will be that of analytical research.

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DIGITAL LITERACY AND RESILIENCE AGAINST DISINFORMATION AMONG NATO MILITARY PERSONNEL

Author(s): Petko Dimov,Georgi MARINOV / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

This article examines the digital literacy and resilience to disinformation among NATO military personnel, with a particular focus on the emerging challenges related to social media and search engine platforms. By analysing data collected in 2019 and comparing it to findings from a 2023 survey, the research identifies key trends in social media engagement, the capacity to recognize disinformation, and the strategies used to evaluate the credibility of online content. The results demonstrate that while a substantial proportion of military personnel actively use social media, there remains a significant deficiency in their ability to critically assess and verify the authenticity of the information they encounter. The study underscores the ongoing risks that disinformation poses to NATO’s information security framework and stresses the urgent need for comprehensive digital literacy training programmes. The recommendations suggest implementing mandatory training to enhance critical thinking and analytical skills regarding information, alongside the development of specialized teams within NATO military structures dedicated to monitoring and combating disinformation.

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STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION – ESSENTIAL TOOL IN SUPPORT OF ROMANIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE CURRENT GEOPOLITICAL CONTEXT –

Author(s): Daniel Ionel Andrei NISTOR / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Strategic communication plays an essential role for improving security culture. While the term has grown in popularity, its meaning often gets muddled as various forms of communication – whether organizational, public affairs, or crisis communication – are labelled as strategic. In Romania, strategic communication has evolved similarly to neighbouring countries, aligning with NATO and EU practices. However, the lack of a national framework has led to fragmented efforts, with no single institution coordinating these activities. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has adapted NATO’s Strategic Communication (StratCom) approach, integrating public relations, psychological operations (PSYOPS), and information operations (InfoOps) to enhance security on NATO’s Eastern Flank. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) uses StratCom to combat disinformation, following the EU model. Despite adopting a National StratCom strategy in 2021, Romania lacks a unified body to synchronize communication at the national level, hindering support for national objectives. This paper proposes an empirical analysis of the author to improve institutional strategic communication to strengthen Romania’s security culture, offering recommendations for improvement.

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BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION – TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR HYBRID THREAT RISK ASSESSMENT –

Author(s): Cezar Vasilescu,Aura Codreanu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

This article analyses the common patterns of recent hybrid threats, highlighting some representative cases such as: the information warfare during the US elections (2020), the COVID-19 vaccine disinformation campaign (2020-2021), and the energy crisis in Europe (2021-2022), in order to identify the existence of potential synergies between different tactics (cyber, information, economic) depending on the specific context. On the basis of these patterns, the article proposes the essential parameters of a predictive hybrid threat analysis model (including geopolitical, cyber, economic, social, media, political and technological factors) with the aim of facilitating proactive responses to this type of threats in modern society.

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Evaluating Legal Measures, International Conventions, and Collaborative Strategies to Enhance Child Protection from Misinformation and Disinformation in the Digital Communication Landscape of Nordic Nations

Author(s): Junaid Sattar Butt / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The digital world offers a wealth of information for children, but in today's digital age, children are increasingly exposed to misinformation and disinformation, posing significant challenges to their well-being and development. In the Nordic states, renowned for their progressive digital infrastructure and commitment to child welfare, addressing this challenge has become a focal point of policy discussions and scholarly inquiry. This research manuscript delves into the nuanced landscape of child protection from misinformation and disinformation within the digital communication sphere of Nordic nations. This research investigates the effectiveness of current legal measures, international conventions, and collaborative strategies in safeguarding children from this harmful content. Drawing upon a multidisciplinary approach, this manuscript scrutinizes existing legislative frameworks and policy initiatives aimed at mitigating the dissemination of harmful content targeting children. Furthermore, it investigates the alignment of these measures with international conventions and treaties pertinent to child rights and digital safety. Moreover, this research explores collaborative strategies among stakeholders, including governments, non-governmental organizations, tech companies, educators, and parents, in fostering a safer digital environment for children. By analyzing best practices and innovative interventions, this manuscript offers insights into effective mechanisms for detecting, addressing, and preventing the proliferation of misinformation and disinformation targeting children. Ultimately, this research contributes to the advancement of evidence-based policies and interventions tailored to the unique challenges posed by misinformation and disinformation in the digital communication landscape of Nordic nations. It underscores the imperative of concerted efforts at the national, regional, and international levels to protect children's rights and well-being in an increasingly complex digital ecosystem.

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Games, Play and Gamification in the Bucharest Metropolitan Library as Seen through Facebook Posts

Author(s): Paula Grațiela CERNAMORIȚ / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Games, play and gamification, used in organized public library programs, are ways in which libraries can attract a larger audience, especially those who are not yet interested in reading. In this way, contact with the library would enable them to find out about other resources that these cultural institutions offer, thus encouraging them to become regular patrons of non-game services. This paper aims to find out whether these new ways have been used in activities carried out with the public in the Bucharest Metropolitan Library. Research on games, play and gamification in public libraries is very limited in Romania and it could benefit researchers and librarians alike. A content analysis was done on the posts made on Facebook in 2023 by the Bucharest Metropolitan Library. The findings of the study showed that games, play and gamification were used mostly in thematic activities combined with reading, learning and creative workshops. Collaboration with institutions, associations and other organizations has increased the quality of the services offered. The research is valuable in that it presents activities in which librarians have used games, play and gamification, thus offering ideas for all Romanian librarians who could implement these tools on a larger scale in our public libraries.

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Interest in Insect Jewelry: Historical Context

Author(s): Irina-Ana Drobot / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The purpose of the present paper is to look at reasons for the popularity of insect jewellery by looking at the historical context of ages such as the Victorian and Art Nouveau periods. The Victorians ladies are said to have even worn live insects. Live insects were also incorporated into jewellery items. Otherwise, jewellery items depicting insects were also popular. The Victorians used insect jewellery as a symbol of nature, which they felt was being overwhelmed by the Industrial Revolution. Jewellery designer Daniela Villegas in Los Angeles is also very passionate about insect jewellery in our times, in 2023, and she sees this as a parallel reaction to the Victorian against industrialization: in our case, it is a reaction against the digitalized world. Indeed, nowadays we also have an environmental culture, including interest in and caring for it, promoted by European Union policies and ideology.

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Exploring the Emotional Landscape of the Montenegro Presidential Election: A Sentiment and Thematic Analysis

Author(s): Igor Ivanović / Language(s): English Issue: 50/2025

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the sentiment dynamics surrounding the 2023 presidential election in Montenegro, employing the VADER sentiment analysis tool to scrutinise text data from various media sources, including social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, over three distinct phases: pre-election, election day, and post- election, with validation using perplexity and coherence measures. The study systematically quantifies shifts in public sentiment, demonstrating how these fluctuations correlate with key electoral events. Pre-election analysis revealed a cautiously optimistic sentiment, with a slight predominance of positive over negative sentiments. On election day, sentiment polarised significantly, evidenced by increased negative and positive sentiments, reflecting heightened public engagement and anxiety. Post-election sentiment saw a marked decline in negativity and a rise in neutrality, suggesting a societal shift towards acceptance and reflection following the electoral outcome. This paper elucidates the complex emotional landscape of electoral processes and discusses the implications of these sentiment shifts in understanding democratic transitions. The findings highlight the potent role of public sentiment as both a reflection of and a response to political developments, offering insights into the broader socio-political repercussions of elections. Future research could extend these analyses to other electoral contexts to further refine our understanding of sentiment dynamics as predictors of political and social change.

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FEATURES OF INFORMATION WAR IN THE MEDIA SPACE IN THE CONDITIONS OF RUSSIAN AGGRESSION AGAINST

Author(s): Oleg Gennadiyevich Danilyan,Aleksander Dzeban,Yevhen A. Hetman,Yurii Yu. Kalynovskyi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The article attempts a philosophical understanding of the features of the information war in the media space in the context of Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine. It is noted that the technologies of information war are the most complex of all methods of manipulating public consciousness due to their systematic nature, variety of forms and deliberate masking of their elements by the warring parties. It is concluded that the space of the information society is saturated with elements of information wars and various types of manipulative information. Technologies of information war, applied through mass media within the framework of the global information environment, on the one hand, can create elements of the global media picture of the world, and on the other hand, are practically the only means of exposing it. It is emphasized that such a situation at the global level of the information environment creates significant difficulties for orientation in the media space of the information society and creates the need to differentiate the criteria of the quality of the information circulating in the media environment of modern society.

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