Comparative analysis of exibility among students with three levels of visual impairments in special schools in Cross River State

Author(s): Josephine Dasel Nanjwan / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (13)/2018

This paper is about a comparative analysis of flexibility among students with three levels of visual impairments in special schools in Cross River State. It is mandatory for visually impaired students to be assessed before being given adequate training on to participate in flexibility activities. The term visual impairment and flexibility were explained as well as the literature review on flexibility and students with visual impairments. The research design adopted for this study was descriptive survey design. The study area was Cross River State. The entire population of the visually impaired students in all the schools of the study was 72. The sampling procedure used in the study was in stages: stratified, simple random sampling and purposive sampling technique. The sample size for the study was sixty (60). The instrument used in the study was Observational Rating Scale (ORS) and Practical Activities Package (PAP). Measurement of flexibility was done on activities like sit and reach, stand and reach, and trunk extension. The result of the study showed was presented in a table. Based on the statistical analysis, the study revealed that the flexibility of students with low vision, functional blindness and total blindness significantly different. Recommendations and suggestions were also made.

How do patients from dynamic and cognitive-behavioural groups perceive dramatherapy?

Author(s): Jana Olejníčková,Milan Valenta,Jaromír Maštalíř,Michal Růžička,Jiří Kantor,Jakub Vávra / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2020

This contribution deals with differences and similarities in perceiving drama- therapy in patients with neurotic disorder in the context of psychiatric treatment. The first goal ascertains if there are differences in assessment of dramatherapy according to the membership of dynamic or cognitive-behavioural group. The second goal ascertains differences during the first therapeutic session. The research assemblage was created by 57 patients from dynamic and cognitive-behavioural (KBT) groups from two mental hospitals in the Czech Republic. Data were gained by two-factor semantic differential and they were statistically assessed by a t-test (and further amended by qualitative group interviews). Conclusions have shown that the membership of patients of dynamic or KBT group has not an impact on their assessment of dramatherapeutic process.

Dva tituly o slovenské literatuře pro děti a mládež

Author(s): Ivana Gejgušová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2021

Thos paper contains two book reviews: 1. (K)rok za (k)rokom v slovenskej literatúre pre deti a mládež [print] : hodnotové aspekty pôvodnej poézie a prózy v rokoch 1990 – 2020 2. Akcenty literatúry pre deti a mládež Mariana Hrašková-Petra Kaizerová ISBN 978-80-558-1699-9

Podnětné jednání didaktiků

Author(s): Ivana Gejgušová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2021

conference report;

Sfaturi pentru femei în ziarul „Românul” din Arad

Author(s): Corneliu Padurean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

The Romanian press in Arad expressed concerns for the education of young Romanian women. The newspaper Românul, for example, inaugurated from the first issues of its appearance in January 1911, columns for women entitled Women's Chronicle and The Housewife's Notebook. It was intended to offer advice to Romanian women, especially those in front or at the beginning of their marriage. "In more culturally advanced nations, issues such as how could the peasantess acquire a culture as solid as possible were also approached". This was the motivation for which the newspaper wanted to contribute to the education of women. In order to bring new arguments that would impel such a concern in the Romanian society in Transylvania, the newspaper's editorial staff used examples of good practices, presenting the measures applied within the German society. The same newspaper Românul, proved to be a promoter of modern women's clothing. In the article "Baggy trousers in Arad", the author spoke admiringly about the new fashion, because "it was not possible for Arad, this city with an American ambition, to lag behind the others". The appearance in Arad of a young lady dressed in baggy trousers provoked a reaction from the conservative crowd. The journalist, however, turned out to be a visionary: "Probably, the more the demonstrations will be repeated, the more the beauties will want to wear such trousers". And so it happened!

"Двете гледни точки" - "плурализъм" на фактите или плурализъм на мненията

Author(s): Ralitsa Kovacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 13/2023

The article is devoted to the issues of the correctness of facts and their distinction from opinions, on the one hand, and of the pluralism of opinions, on the other. The study deals with the radio show "Politically INcorrect" with Petar Volgin, broadcast on the "Horizon" program of the Bulgarian National Radio (BNR). Against the background of the war in Ukraine, the main research problem is how replacing the facts with opinions, represented as "pluralism", results in propaganda. The text demonstrates the similarity between the messages disseminated in the broadcast and Russian state propaganda regarding the war in Ukraine and its broader ideological context. Finally, the article examines the possibility of developing ideologically biased journalism, provided that basic professional norms are observed regarding the correctness of facts, fact-based opinions and a clear distinction between them.

The Four Romanian Journalist Guilds of the Twentieth Century

Author(s): Marian Petcu / Language(s): English Issue: 44/2022

The present study examines the four journalists’ organizations, called “guilds” („uniuni” in Romanian) that existed from 1919 to 1990. These are associative structures founded in Bucharest, not related to each other by statutory succession/ program or patrimony, and each of them was influenced by the political regimesi n which they were developed and evolved. The consulted documents – it is about a bibliographic research and a research of social / historical documents, which involved access to the funds of the National Archives of Romania, allowed us to determine who were the founders of these unions, what budgets they had, what activities aimed at professionalizing the profession, etc. It is also important in which political / ideological context they were established and how they managed the relationship with the political Power. Here we will find conformity (servitude) during the authoritarian regimes during the Second World War, but especially after the end of the war, during the communist administrations.

Ruch antyszczepionkowy w Polsce i jego kabiny pogłosowe w alt-internet w latach 2020-2022

Author(s): Agnieszka Demczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The anti-vaccination movement, which has been present worldwide for nearly two hundred years, has become an extraordinarily visible movement of protest against the announced COVID-19 pandemic and mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The National Association for Knowledge on Vaccine STOP NOP, known for years – during a pandemic – along with echo chambers in alt-internet resonating anti-COVID, anti-mask and anti-vaccine propaganda, has become one of the main participants in the COVID discourse effectively influencing the opinions, attitudes and behaviors of Poles towards the virus, COVID restrictions and vaccines.

Analiza političke komunikacije na društvenim mrežama tijekom predizborne kampanje za parlamentarne izbore 2020.

Author(s): Mislav Petošić,Marija Slijepčević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 13/2022

Political communication uses all available channels, and social networks are one of the most used sources of communication in pre-election periods. Research often shows that in political communication social networks often remain an underutilized potential, especially in the area of two-way communication and interactivity with citizens. The level of political parties in the parliamentary elections is determined through this content analysis of posts on social networks Facebook and Instagram for the five best ranked Croatian political parties in the 2020 parliamentary elections: HDZ, SDP, Domovinski pokret, Most and Možemo!. The main goal of the paper was to determine how political parties set up communication on social networks Facebook and Instagram, measured user engagement, what format of posts parties used, what were the topics of posts, whether symbols were used, official hashtags, whether parties called on engagement, designated persons / institutions and collaborated with known persons.

MATERINSTVO I MIR U ČASOPISU ŽENSKI POKRET (1920–1938)

Author(s): Teodora Todorić Milićević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 26/2022

Between the two world wars, women associated with the Society for Women’s Emancipation and Protection of Their Rights (later the Alliance of Women’s Movements) actively participated in pacifist organisations such as The League of Nations, The Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom and The Little Entente of Women. Pacifism was one of the most critical topics in the Women’s Movement journal (1920–1938), Society’s herald, especially since the end of the 1920s when it was gradually becoming clear that the world was heading for a new war. The journal was following and reporting on activities and achievements of pacifist organisations. Pacifism was generally perceived as an “innate” field of women’s activism In the Women’s Movement journal. If women got the right to vote, feminists thought, there would be no more wars because women would always vote for politics of peace. The claim that women were against war was usually based on female attributes traditionally related to maternity, such as care, empathy, patience, and nonviolence. This paper focuses on views expressed in the journal about mothers’ role in building a non-conflict society and preserving world peace. Mothers were seen as educators of future generations who rebuild nations. Since they lost husbands and sons in wars, they were expected to oppose it. Although less often, such points of view are problematized in the journal, the paper will also discuss that.

COMMUNITY RESILIENCE AND RESPONSE TO CRISIS AND DISASTERS: THE ROLE OF CORPORATE COMPETITIVENESS AND ADAPTABILITY

Author(s): Andrei Eugen DRĂGUŢ / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2022

It is already a proven fact that companies play a major role in shaping the modern world, overall companies have proven a great experience in dealing with a fast-paced world that is in constant change. The unique experience, competitive nature and adaptability can and have provided proof that private companies can and should become more involved in plans to build community resilience. We all know that crises and disasters inflict perturbations on human society and its development and in many years it takes years, even decades to mend the effects on a societal level, while entire lives, hopes, and dreams get lost forever. Corporations play a major role in shaping our world through the economic, social, technological, and behavioral impact that they have on those who are touched either directly by their products and services or indirectly by the social and economic changes those products and services bring about.

THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA FOR MANAGEMENT OF SMES

Author(s): Jaroslav Belas,John Amoah,Ján Dvorský,Petr Šuleř / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The aim of this paper is to present newscientific results concerning social media in relation to theSME segment. The empirical research based on a sampleof 1,520 respondents from the business sector of the V4countries provided interesting findings. The role of socialmedia is largely underestimated by the SMEs and suchenterprises have untapped capacity for using social mediain their management. Additionally, the SMEs insufficientlyutilize the opportunity for a more flexible response tomarket development through social media. Anotherimportant finding is that the SMEs do not usually have aclear strategy on how to use social media. Also,organizations in the SME segment do not sufficientlyappreciate the contribution of social media to the growthof financial performance. The research confirmed theexistence of significant differences in the attitudes ofrespondents in individual V4 countries. Further findingsindicate that the attitudes of SMEs are changing in thecontext of the new macroeconomic situation. While theuse of social media in the favourable phase of theeconomic cycle was relatively low, their role increasedsignificantly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Communicative Dimensions of Centre-Periphery Relationships: Communicating the Post-1989 Traumatic Conjuncture in the Balkans and the Future of Europe

Author(s): Zlatan Krajina / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2022

This paper surveys the post-1989 Europe/Balkan conjuncture from the perspective of communication studies. I employ David Morley’s materialist definition of communication, encompassing exchange/movement of information/ ideas, goods, and people. Observing the exchange of ideas, we find EU’s Euroscepticism contrasting the Balkans’ Europhilia. Considering the movement of people, the brain-drain from the Balkans is paralleled by incoming migrations and a questioning of whether leaving the region is necessarily advantageous. The movement of goods, finally, elucidates the ascendancy of Chinese investment in the region, confronting Europe with being seen as a periphery of Asia. The materialist communication approach thus reveals unanticipated dynamism (a working-through of inherited inequality), rather than one-way perpetuation of old centre-periphery prejudice. Though historically modelled as Europe’s traumatized inner Other where nationalism was imposed, the Balkans still have much to narrate about impurity of identities and uncertainty as Europe’s new/old possible cultural heritage.

Kierunki rozwoju najnowszej literatury dziecięcej w świetle zgłoszeń do Nagrody Żółtej Ciżemki (w roku 2021)

Author(s): Alicja Baluch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

Alicja Baluch discusses recent developments in Polish small children’s literature on the basis of books submitted to the Yellow Ciżemka Award in literature, which has been awarded by the Krakow Library since 2017. Baluch emphasizes that among the entrants are many young authors, including graphic designers and illustrators, who are making their debut. The works she analyses are dominated by visual over verbal methods of narration as well as the forms of picture book and toy book. Among the new solutions, in both verbal and pictorial narratives, particularly noticeable are the interactive motifs of traces, threads, and canvases.

COVID-19: HOW THE PRESIDENT OF ROMANIA USED FACEBOOK TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE POPULATION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE STATE OF EMERGENCY FROM 2020

Author(s): Radu Turcescu / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2022

The present article aimed to analyse the way in which a political leader used the Facebook social network to communicate with the population at the beginning of the state of emergency from 2020. Thus, in order to achieve this objective, I have chosen to analyse the Facebook page of the President of Romania, Klaus Iohannis, starting from indicators such as: the total number of posts, the total number of posts about Covid-19 out of the total number of posts, but also the type of communicated messages. We are going to observe the manner in which all the communication was directed towards restrictions and preventive measures, the strategy aiming to influence the population in these directions.

PROPAGANDA AND POSTHEROISM IN RUSSIA’S INVASION OF UKRAINE. A MEDITATION AROUND CONFLICT AS AN IMAGINED COMMUNITY

Author(s): Silviu Petre / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2022

The post Cold War euphoria pervaded also strategic studies with the belief that future wars will be waged in a postheroic manner, to take Edward Luttwak' s famous catchphrase- technological intensive and almost cost free in human lives, they hailed the promise of delivering swift victories for industrialized nations. Our article issue a critique based on the sociology of Émile Durkheim and Georg Simmel and embeds postheroism in a wider notion called "war as an imagined community" arguing that postheroic operations work to the extent they are limited and cover in a solid narrative, both for the international community as well as for the impatient home public. The case studied here is the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war started in February 2022.

A Crisis to Think with: Mining the Biopolitics of COVID-19 in American Public Discourse

Author(s): Natalia Kovalyova / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2022

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic put to test medical, political and social systems around the globe. It also probed into our ability to work out coherent explanations of unprecedented situations and to devise effective solutions when operating with grossly insufficient, frequently changing, and often controversial information. Using a Foucauldian lens, this study examines the American public discourse on COVID-19 to reveal the mechanisms through which the crisis was made sense of and managed. It shows that unity in spirit and action in measures against the pandemic did not emerge nor was the virus uniformly affecting the population thus suggesting that “population” as an object of governing is a discursive construction that thrives on partitioning and that fractures the moment it is put together. The discussion concludes that overall, despite the clout of unprecedentedness, COVID-19 produced neither new relations of power nor new subjectivities but further aligned government actions with the interests of the state.

Kalbų vartojimas ir kalbinės nuostatos: mokyklų lenkų mokomąja kalba atvejis

Author(s): Nida Poderienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 95/2022

The article presents the results of a questionnaire-based study of the most commonly used home language, the choice of language in relation to other languages in different communicative situations and linguistic attitudes towards Polish, Lithuanian and English languages based on the survey analyzing responses of student groups of grades 3–8 in two schools with the Polish language of instruction. Research data in relation to the age groups was analyzed regarding aspects such as the dominant language in communication with family and friends, the choice of language preference over other languages, i.e. in which language students choose to watch movies, search for information on the Internet, read books, write SMS and communicate on social networks. Students’ language attitudes were studied in terms of language learning motivation, social value and personal relationship with the language. In some aspects, the research results were compared with the data of the study of students’ linguistic attitudes and language dominance in everyday use conducted a few years ago in schools with the Lithuanian language of instruction focused on the same age groups. Research data on language dominance show that the majority of students communicate in Polish at home, although for some of them Polish is not the only language used in the family. Out of all the students who participated in the study, 42% indicated that they speak Polish at home, more than a third of students specified that they usually communicate in several languages in the family, out of which the largest part (25%) speak in Polish and Russian and 26% of students indicated that they communicate in Russian at home. Less than a tenth of students, in addition to Polish and Russian, noted that they often use Lithuanian in their home environment. Research data on the choice of language in relation to other languages in different communicative situations revealed that two languages – Polish and Russian – predominate, and Russian is especially strongly used when searching for information on the Internet and watching movies. Reading is the type of activity where Polish and Lithuanian languages prevail. The results of the research demonstrate the high status of the Lithuanian language’s social value, as students believe that it is important to know the Lithuanian language in order to achieve both social and professional life objectives. The results of the study show a statistically significant positive correlation between motivation to learn the Lithuanian language and liking Lithuanian lessons (Pearson coefficient 0,729). English is considered a prestigious language and the results show the highest motivation to learn it, in comparison to Polish and Lithuanian languages. The results of the study revealed that students feel a strong connection with the Polish language of instruction as part of their identity. A third of the students consider Lithuanian their own language and approximately the same number do not have an opinion or disagree. The conducted exploratory research covers several municipal schools and, therefore, does not make general conclusions about the linguistic preferences and language dominance of students in the majority of schools with the Polish language of instruction. The study shows trends regarding language choice, valuation of Polish, Lithuanian and English languages and learning motivation.

Covid-19 pandemija ir karas Ukrainoje: eufemizmų ir disfemizmų vartojimas viešajame diskurse latvių, lietuvių ir rusų kalbose

Author(s): Dite Liepa,Evija Liparte / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 95/2022

The 2020’s kicked off with a number of new challenges for the human kind: the COVID-19 pandemic and the war that Russia started in Ukraine. These global events of the past three years have affected the way we use language as well: a democratic society needs to talk about what is happening and have everything explained and be informed about it; besides, language has responded to these developments rather vigorously. The pandemic has divided the society in two based on how the people approach the virus: its believers and its deniers. With the advent of vaccines the society split even further into two irreconcilable camps: those who supported the vaccines and those who were against them. Language saw an influx of new words, emotional expressiveness and verbal aggression were on a rise, and two polar linguistic tools, euphemisms and dysphemisms, were being used to describe the opposing factions. The COVID pandemic was not over yet when, in February of 2022, the world was shaken by yet another tragedy as Russia invaded Ukraine. The brutality of the war and the fierce resistance on the part of the Ukrainians triggered the use of euphemisms, and politically tinted dysphemisms in particular, which had existed at the passive level of the vocabulary for a long time (following the collapse of the USSR and the restoration of independence in Latvia and in Lithuania). The empirical material of this article shows that one side tries to call a spade a spade without avoiding the use of various dysphemisms, while the other does it selectively, using lies and misinformation, using both euphemisms and dysphemisms in great abundance, attempting to force everyone to use them at the beginning of the war. However, in the democratic world, as well as in Ukraine, Russia‘s official euphemistic style of speech has been met with ridicule, leading to the creation of new euphemisms and dysphemisms. During situations of physical aggression, both sides also use verbal aggression and irony. Thus, the usage of political euphemisms and dysphemisms will not see any sort of decline, especially in a state of war. The euphemisms and dysphemisms featured in the article are used to designate said events – the pandemic and the war in Ukraine – in the Latvian, Lithuanian, and Russian languages. A juxtaposition of the specific euphemisms and dysphemisms has established that some of them are common in both discourses: that of the pandemic and of the war (for example, Voldemort: ‘something that others are afraid to call by its real name’, putinistai // putleristai // vatnikai: ‘users and disseminators of Russian propaganda’). Only with the discourse of COVID-19, the universal dysphemism is covidiot, which is widely used to describe any person who, during the pandemic, behaves differently than the person using this dysphemism acts or thinks. However, used dysphemically, lexemes fascists, Nazis are considered universal only in the discourse of the war in Ukraine, because the two warring sides apply them and derivatives and compounds thereof (e.g., Ukrofascists, Nazi regime vs. Fascists, ruscists) with reference to one another. In the discourse of the pandemic, derivatives and compounds with these lexemes (e.g. Latvian covidfašistu banda ‘covid-fascist gang’) were applied only to government representatives and persons supporting the official line of the state (the alleged ‘dictatorship’). Various new words (situational dysphemisms) have also been created to describe the realities of both the pandemic and the war in Ukraine. A comparison of material from the three languages highlights both the universal nature of the reviewed language phenomena, and the possibility of their adoption.

MEDIJSKA PISMENOST U OBRAZOVANJU BUDUĆIH NASTAVNIKA

Author(s): Sonja Nenezić / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 44/2023