Nemateriālais kultūras mantojums un interneta humors

Author(s): Rita Grīnvalde / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 38/2018

This article seeks to give a broad overview as well as analyse the comic manifestations of Latvian intangible cultural heritage in the current online ecosystem. In the era of Web 2.0, humour manifests and spreads through social networks such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and, in Latvia’s case, Draugiem. Despite the global nature of the World Wide Web, national and local characteristics are identifiable linguistically and through shared cultural codes. One of the jobs of the modern folklorist, therefore, is to determine which artefacts will be collected and defined as Internet folklore and which will not, for it is impossible to keep track of all online shared material. Furthermore, because of its ephemeral nature and continual stream of digital-born materials, the sheer size of the data would overwhelm any archival system. These challenges lead to a new way of examining circulating online phenomena. One solution is to focus on larger online trends rather than every single artistic expression of a folkloric nature. Forms of humour have evolved and changed as technology has advanced, and quite possibly the most widespread and well-known form of online cultural humouristic expression is the Internet meme (the term derived from Richard Dawkins’ neologism ‘meme’, 1976). When people use intangible cultural heritage on the Internet for comedic effect, a popular technique is to transform classical folklore texts or create references with typical characters, lexical formulas or narrative motifs. Among the hybridized folklore genres, the most common are: folksongs (trochaic quatrains), beliefs, legends and fairy tales. A special reference source of current Internet humour is the Cabinet of Folksongs (Dainu skapis, 1880), the filing cabinet of Latvian folksongs. Up until now, in Latvian culture and history, it has been cast in the indisputable role as a national treasure. Along with an exploration of the showcase of ‘alternative Cabinets of Folksongs’ (i.e., blogs and social network accounts named after Dainu skapis), the author of the article points at a new outlook of folklorist Krišjānis Barons (1835–1923). In Internet jokes, Barons is portrayed both as a 21st century hipster and a revelling student. One may assume that Internet humour has made it possible to overcome the exaggerated piety and prejudices of inviolability against intangible cultural heritage.

Entrepreneuriat social au Maroc : du militantisme à l’expertise en matière de développement

Author(s): Saad CHEMAOU,Mahomed Bendahan,Stefan Bratosin / Language(s): French Issue: 30 (2)/2022

The emergence of the entrepreneurship model gave rise to new spaces for exchange and debate around strategic choices and directions for development. This article focuses on the case of the regional committees of the National Initiative for Human Development (INDH) which operates to implement the program following a participatory approach bringing together elected officials, officers and representatives of civil society. The objective is to study the capacity of associative activists to participate in the INDH program following a systemic approach based on the theory of capacities and the socioconstructivist theory of communicational action. In order to do this, a qualitative methodology, mobilizing the case study and the semi-directional interview was put in place with the following results: the inability to achieve inter-understanding between the different actors due to socio-cultural and structural elements constituting the participatory practice, and the restriction of this participatory practice to a simple means of legitimizing local public policies.

Singing a Nation: The Latvian Song Festival as an Intercultural Medium for National Identity

Author(s): Kārlis Cīrulis / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2018

Though there is a tendency to overstate the historical and contemporary importance of the Latvian Song Festival for Latvia, to a degree, where it almost seems redundant to talk about the subject, the gravitational field and the multidimensionality of the Song Festival is indeed remarkable, especially the more it is reflected on from a theoretical standpoint. This article is an attempt to give an interdisciplinary overview of the immense gamut of topics revolving around the Song Festival, which could and should be addressed with the help of in-depth research. This cultural phenomenon is a nexus that is comprised of aspects from the history of education and choral singing, society and fraternity building, cultural transfer and localisation, social communication, cultural memory, national ideas and icons reflected onto and derived from it, Aesopian communication forms and many other anthropological, cultural and media phenomena. Even modern infrastructural questions are integral part of the success of this project, for instance, the railroad system and electricity networks. Above all, the Song Festival was a means to create a common national space, with a collective memory and national iconography. Among many other researchers, Jan Assmann’s work in particular shows how fundamental celebrations and rituals are for a collective cultural memory. His theses are enlightening, when applied onto the matter of Latvian Song Festivals, which can be considered an exemplary instance for creation of collective memory through a central cultural event. The article contextualizes Latvian Song Festivals not only within the German tradition of the festival, but also on a more theoretical level, describing it as a part of the nationalization process in Europe and as one of many ritual forms, which are fundamental to a cultural group’s collective memory, identity and nationality.

O intencjonalności czynności karnoprocesowych w świetle najnowszych badań nad koncepcją czynności konwencjonalnych w prawie

Author(s): Michał Wawrzyńczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

In the literature, owing to Olgierd Bogucki, it has been proposed that intention be recognized as a constitutive element of conventional acts and to use an intentional explanation of conventional acts in law. In this article, the author aims to verify whether the new proposals contribute to research on the conception of conventional acts in criminal proceedings. The author examines the relationship between the concept of conventional acts adopted in the procedural criminal law doctrine and the new approaches, juxtaposing them with the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure. For this purpose, the author uses the theoretical-legal method as well as the legal-dogmatic method. The author shows that neither the concept of the constitutive aspect proposed by Bogucki nor the intentional explanation of conventional acts are suitable for conducting assessments and interpretations of conventional acts in criminal proceedings. However, the primary and epistemic aspects described by Bogucki may, under certain conditions, be subject to reception in the field of criminal procedural law. Neither are the rules of falsification per his approach applicable in criminal proceedings. The considerations in question constitute a novel contribution to research on the conception of conventional acts in criminal proceedings because the proposed approach has not been analysed in the doctrine so far.

Suundumusi inimsuhtluse keelelises analüüsis ja modelleerimises (i)

Author(s): Mare Koit,Haldur Õim / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 01/2017

Reviews of: Vyvyan Evans. The Crucible of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 359 lk.; Arefeh Farzindar, Diana Inkpen. Natural Language Processing for Social Media. (Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies 30.) San Rafael: Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2015. 146 lk.; Bing Liu. Sentiment Analysis. Mining Opinions, Sentiments, and Emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 367 lk.; Natural Language Generation in Interactive Systems. Toimetanud Amanda Stent, Srinivas Bangalore. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 363 lk.; Rainer Schulze, Hanna Pishwa. The Exercise of Power in Communication. Devices, Reception and Reaction. Basingstoke–New York:Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. 337 lk.

Helicopter parenting, self-control, and problematic online gaming in emerging adults

Author(s): Yankı Süsen,Halil Pak,Esra Çevik / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-control on the relationship between perceived helicopter parental attitudes and problematic online gaming among emerging-adult online gamers. 186 gamers from Turkey were reached using a cross-sectional online survey. According to the results obtained in this study, self-control was negatively associated with problematic online gaming and perceived paternal helicopter parenting attitudes. Also, problematic online gaming was positively correlated with perceived maternal helicopter parenting attitude. It was further found that age, gender, and having previous psychiatric diagnosis were significantly related to problematic online gaming. Age had a positive significant correlation with problematic online gaming whereas those who reported having previous psychiatric diagnosis and male respondents also stated higher levels of problematic online gaming. Lastly, mothers were significantly perceived as having higher helicopter parental attitudes compared to fathers. However, the indirect effect was found significant only at paternal level. Thus, it can be concluded that the indirect effect was due to the tendency for those who perceived higher paternal helicopter parenting attitude to have lower levels of self-control, which in turn resulted in higher levels of problematic online gaming. This study offers novel insight into online gaming research, indicating that perceived paternal helicopter parenting attitude may lead to developing problematic online gaming among emerging adult children with low selfcontrol.

Serbia and Kosovo between Secession and Normalisation: Exploring Media Discourses on the Washington Agreement (2020)

Author(s): Irina Milutinović,Jovica Pavlović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The Washington Agreement on Kosovo and Serbia economic normalisation (2020) is the subject of this enquiry, while its aim is to examine the role of news media in Serbia in the discourse on normalisation between Belgrade and Pristina. The main hypothesis is that the Washington Agreement was manipulatively used for self-promotion of political elites that negotiated in Washington. The research relies on Critical Discourse Studies, instrumentalist approaches to secession, media framing and agenda-setting theories. We conclude that the issue of Serbia and Kosovo normalisation in Serbian media is mostly framed with aim to mobilises citizens’ support for executive authorities. The media thus reproduce political hegemony within Serbian society, while pluralism is obstructed in a manner characteristic for competitive authoritarianism.

Медиите и комуникациите – изследователска традиция, публикуване, образование и развитие през последните три десетилетия

Author(s): Vesselina Valkanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

This edition of Media and Communications: a Research Bibliography 1990-2022 compiles and systematizes what has accumulated in the scholarly field and represents the first thematic bibliography of scholarly publications by university professors and researchers in Bulgaria on specific topics - communication, media, journalism, public relations and publishing. For the first time, thanks to the professionalism and great efforts of the author and compiler of the bibliography - Assoc. Prof. Dr. Milena Tzvetkova, the perimeter of the scientific basis for the training of journalists and other media and communication professions in Bulgaria from the beginning of democracy through 1990 to 2022.

Увод към библиографията

Author(s): Milena Tsvetkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

For the first time we will outline the perimeter of scholarly work in communication and media scholarship in Bulgaria from the beginning of democracy in 1990 to the present 2022 г.We offer a bibliographic corpus of the more significant results of the scientific of the research, expressed in three publication formats - collections, monographs, studies and articles.These works are not only the visible result of our work as scholars during the years. They have had and continue to have a significant impact on higher education, on research, on the professions, on political decisions, and on shaping the public image of media and communications among the lay readership.

Библиография 1990–2022

Author(s): Milena Tsvetkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

This publication is the first topical bibliography of the scientific publications by university scholars and researchers in Bulgaria regarding the specific topics of Communication, Media, Journalism, Public Relations and Publishing. For the first time since the beginning of democracy in 1990 the scientific foundations for the education of journalists and other media and communication professions in Bulgaria has been outlined. It should be noted that in all former socialist countries in Europe the period after 1990 is considered as the more significant one in the field of journalism training.

Caricaturing the enemy:

Author(s): Konstantinos Travlos,Doruk Akyüz,Ceren Mert-Travlos / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

A century ago, the Greek-Turkish War of 1919-1922 (Turkish War of Liberation/Asia Minor Campaign) was reaching its culmination point. The war was also fought in the pages of the Press. In this study, we look at the characteristics of the caricatures marshalled in the war effort by three publications. The Greek newspaper Skrip, and the Turkish satirical magazines Karagöz and Güleryüz. We find that most expectations based on semiotics and the concept of interstate rivalry are borne out. Depictions of the ‘Other’ are generally negative. That said we also find that Skrip dedicated the majority of its caricatures to targeting the internal ‘Other’, the Venizelist faction during the National Schism, in contrast to the more focused targeting of the Greek ‘Other’ by the Turkish publications. This finding indicates the dominance of domestic conflicts over the external conflict even during the inflation point of the Greek-Turkish Interstate Rivalry of 1866-1925.

Stereotyping and vilifying the other behind the mask of humour – when a chicken smells of fear

Author(s): Rashid Yahiaoui / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Audiovisual texts are social semiotic constructions that arbitrate reality according to a set of discursive patterns and established beliefs. Therefore, it is natural for translators to re-create and manipulate audiovisual texts to overcome challenges pertaining to religion, culture, and politics, which are the three intrinsic determinants of positioning in any translation project. Leaning on Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as a methodological approach, this paper aims to investigate how stereotypes and disparagement humour about Arabs and Muslims are dealt with in translating a segment from Family Guy into Arabic. The focus of the paper is on examining ideology-related shifts, and how and to what degree the students manipulated or mitigated religio-cultural barriers, as well as on assessing the role of visuals in the decision-making process. The students’ translations denote the inextricable intertwining of their authoritative voices and the act of translation, that is, some students consciously attempted to expose the writers’ intentions, while others subverted the text as a protective and resistive measure against the anti-Islamic, racist, sexual humour of the show.

Yalnızlığın Diyalektiğinin Sinema Üzerinden İncelenmesi: Yalnız Aziz-ler

Author(s): Selin Kiraz Demir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2022

Loneliness is an emotional state that can occur anytime and anywhere since the existence of humanity. Although this feeling is known by everyone, of course, it can be experienced in different ways according to the characteristics of each individual’s own life form. Lonely individuals may develop this feeling when they are unable to establish a satisfactory connection with others or are dissatisfied with their own position, and this is often not directly related to the actual number of people around them. Despite all this, it is not correct to say that being alone is essentially a positive or negative situation. What is important here is how the person is alone, how he/she experiences loneliness and how he/she manages this feeling. The study aims to question how the feeling of loneliness, which has representations in the modern world and is a subjective phenomenon, is constructed in cinema. It is thought that the universe of cinema has an important effect on conveying different forms of loneliness through characters and understanding the essence of loneliness. For this reason, the movie Azizler (2021), which stands out with the theme of loneliness, was chosen as a sample and analyzed with the critical film analysis method. Thus, the ways in which the three main characters in the movie experience the feeling of loneliness were examined, and the transfer of different states of loneliness to the audience through the characters was discussed.

Book review

Author(s): Marianna Keisalo / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Book review

Author(s): Guillem Castañar Rubio / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The Social Phenomen Erasmus+

Author(s): Irina Oana Alexandrescu,Antonio Amuza / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The present study focuses on the social phenomenon Erasmus +, and is a qualitative research that reveals how young people adapt to a new cultural and social environment, while seeking to understand the impact and benefits of such an experience for them. We addressed theories and concepts such as: cultural shock, social learning theory, intergroup contact hypothesis, intercultural tolerance, but also social and cultural capital. The research subjects were young people between the ages of 18 and 30 who participated in the study or volunteered for the mobility for at least 2 months. The results showed that such an experience increases the tolerance level of young people, who adapt, during a relatively short time of about 2 months, to a new socio-cultural environment. This social phenomenon can also be called "Erasmus life", because young people start to consider these mobilities as a lifestyle.

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN A PANDEMIC CONTEXT

Author(s): Alin Dincă,Mihaela (Mușetoiu) Georgescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Looking back on the recession and previous crisis, it can be seen that the pandemic witch humanity is still going through will greatly transform our personal and professional lives in many ways - trust in others, satisfaction and not the last, by the behavior of the leaders of the organization. Recent studies have shown that, in the context of the SARS-CoV pandemic, both organization leaders and employees are placing increasing emphasis on the importance of organizational communication. There was also a growing need for individuals to be informed as promptly and correctly as possible by the higher forums -governmental and local authorities, managers, etc. Beyond the communication aspects, the general behavior of managers will probably not be forgotten by employees, as human nature is directed, in such situations, towards a return to basic instincts. Throughout the pandemic, the most diverse reactions of organizational leaders were observed, often extreme, but also balanced, ethical, full of empathy, behaviors that will be seen at some point in life, in the culture of the organization, especially in the future, when new employees are recruited.

Nowa aluzyjność i symulacja metafizyki – hipermodernistyczne doświadczenie na przykładach z kręgu Café Forgot

Author(s): Jędrzej Latecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

Classical metaphysics is no longer a credible basis for the practice of philosophy. Nevertheless, it is sometimes present in the form of aesthetic references. By evoking a specific vision of the world and values, it can shape the experience./ This article describes a phenomenon that the author calls the “New Allusiveness and the Simulation of Metaphysics.” Starting from empirical observation of youth fashion as presented on Instagram, the author draws attention to the ambivalent attitude of female artists towards metaphysicality. Their attitude appears to rely on an affirmative evocation with the simultaneous impression of fear or of the grotesque. Starting from the perspective of the cultural logic of hypermodernism, the author sees the need for a new kind of relationship to the values associated with modernism and postmodernism. The author notes that there has been a change in attitudes to irony and a lack of interest in depth. These have been replaced with a sense of hope, with faith, presupposition, and the possibility of meaning and order; however, being kept at a distance and lined with cynicism, they take on a simulacral character.

Једно виђење Првог светског рата – писање Београдских општинских новина о Првом светском рату (1929–1940)

Author(s): Jelena Rafailović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

The paper investigates and presents the writing of the “Belgrade municipal newspaper – the official gazette of the city government” (Beogradske opštinske novine) about the First World War from 1929 to 1940. The texts that were dedicated to manifestations, ceremonies, and commemorations on the occasion of the First World War were analyzed to expose the post-war society’s memory of the war (“living memory”), their perceptions, ideas, and values about the war. Studying the “Beogradske opštinske novine “ on a qualitative level, through the main ideas of the articles and speeches of the participants at the events, one will see the cultural framework created by the municipal government of Belgrade.

Reviews & today

Author(s): Ľudmila Čábyová,Sabína Gáliková Tolnaiová,Olena Morozova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This paper contains following book reviews and a meeting report: 1. KUSÁ, A., FAŠIANG, T., KOLLÁROVÁ, D.: Retail Marketing Communication and the Consumer Behaviour of Selected Generations. Oxford : Peter Lang, 2022. 189 p. ISBN 978-1-80079-855-7. 2. Media Text in the Mirror of Linguistics PANASENKO, N., GREGUŠ, L.: Media Text in the Mirror of Linguistics. Prague : Wolters Kluwer, 2022. 166 p. ISBN 978-80-7676-514-6. 3. Meeting of Members of the Mediadelcom Project Consortium in Sofia with the Participation of the Slovak Research Team (A Report)