Around the Bloc: Polish President Signs Media Makeover Into Law
European Commission ponders disciplinary action; media watchdogs howl over Warsaw’s ‘violation of fundamental EU values.’
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European Commission ponders disciplinary action; media watchdogs howl over Warsaw’s ‘violation of fundamental EU values.’
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This article presents the essence of marketing communicative strategy and its value for each entity. The main objective of forming a marketing communicative strategy is described. Moreover, its place in the hierarchy of strategic planning at the enterprise is determined. MCS components and their main content are defined. Step by step procedure for the formation of a marketing communicative strategy is offered. It is based on the sequence of strategic stages in the development process.
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The article focus on theoretical and practical aspects of contemporary media policy, finding the phenomena as an activity of creation and implementation of general principles and rules regarding the operation of media organizations and mediated public communication. In fact media policy is based on two different levels of regulation: government and governance. The author discusses the activities of key actors of media policy and regulation. He claims that within the internal affairs an important role in Media Policy play the regulatory authorities. Among the key actors of European Media Policy are such institutions as the Council of Europe, OSCE and European Union, while on a global scale operate especially ITU, WTO, ONZ and UNESCO.
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Number of women taking the high places on the electoral registers and the number of mandates get by women during the last parliamentary election in Poland was never higher. Moreover women i.e. Ewa Kopacz, Beata Szydło and Barbara Nowacka represented important entities of the Polish political landscape. The aim of the article “Seym and Senate” was to show the participation of women in the last parliamentary election and their current presence in politics. During an election campaign in 2015 they were also seeking the answer to a question about the role, the place and the created media image of leaders of PO, PiS and of the United Left.
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The aim of this study is to refer to usage of postmodern elements and application of postmodern means of production in selected digital games. As a product of postmodern era, digital games draw on the cultural tradition of literature, cinema, art and popular culture and by application of postmodern means of production, they create new and unique works of art.
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In an age of mass production, it has become increasingly difficult to distinguish the consumption from perception, especially in realm of culture. As this paper demonstrates, consumption can no longer be consi- dered simply as an object of analysis, because, in contemporary world,it is process in which we participate. Selected ceremonies of consumption are chosen as representative. As representation they become identity markers to both individual (person) and particular social groups. In all processes, the bearer of infor- mation has become an irreplaceable photograph. The study focuses on selected links between photography and consumes daily behavior present in a person‘s life during the hyper-mo- dernity / hypermodern.
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In this article, we discussed a definition of propaganda and overviewed the evolution of this phenomenon in the 20th–21st centuries. There is no single approach towards what is propaganda. Therefore, the Authors of this article use the definition of propaganda introduced by Garth Jowett and Victoria O’Donnell: “Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behaviour to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist”. Within this article we look at how propaganda works, what are its main characteristics and goals. We conclude that the model introduced by Jowett and O’Donnell may be applied in the research of interstate informational campaigns. Considering the structure of Russian propaganda, the proposed model adaptation divides it into three stages: the analysis of situation, process and results. The first stage involves the analysis of the propagandist and one’s context of propaganda. The main goal is to realise how propaganda is spread, what kind of an ideological approach it employs and what are the aims of propagandist. The analysis of a situation includes the fundamental aspects of the main propaganda target. Therefore, this analysis provides a good base for further research. A well done first phase analysis provides sufficient assumptions on new case research in the future and a repeated analysis of the first phase is only needed if one of the main objects has changed. The main objective of the second stage is to find a specific case of propaganda and information warfare. It is also important to trace the targeted audience. This significantly contributes in recognising and evaluating the techniques used by a propagandist and how the targeted audience react to them. The steps of process analysis may be repeated in order to investigate a new propaganda campaign. The third stage is dedicated to analysing the state after the informational attack. It is important to evaluate the strategy that was taken to counter any of the propaganda and damage that was dealt to the state. Received results are important in formulating the map of propaganda. This article suggests a propaganda research model to analyse Russian propaganda in Lithuania. However, the model still requires a case-study grounding; therefore, further studies should be conducted in this regard.
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The subject of the article is the answer as a reaction to the question in Bulgarian media discourse between the recipient and sender. The models that are analyzed do not fall into standard expectations when the recipient fills gaps in the information of the questioner. Various situations are analyzed, but in particular via the so-called "dialogic game" where interlocutors have relatively equal participation in verbal communication. The aim is to reveal to some extent the principles of verbal interpersonal interaction; to understand whether there are specific models that avoid successfully unwanted response from the addressee. Are there any "stereotypes" of speech behavior? And how do they spread in the Bulgarian media context? Are there dominant models that serve as "universal formula"?
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Episodic television drama is currently one of the most popular, profitable and variable forms of audio-visual media production. The author of the study focuses on its ability to appeal to people preferring ‘traditional’ modes of reception as well as to media audiences that spend a lot of their free time in the virtual world. New trends in production of dramatic television series and serials refer to importance of multimedia distribution platforms and fully acknowledge social networks as communication and advertising channels that are capable of actively encouraging the emergence and evolution of so-called “institutionalised fandoms”. The text aimsto offer a set of theoretical outlines related to post-television era, placing emphasis on “brandcasting”, a term that has been developed in order to thoroughly reflect on processes of television branding which often resultin hybrid communication forms merging media content and promotional material. The author also focuses on specific modes of producing, distributing and consuming episodic television drama in the context of so-called “over-the-top” television (OTT TV) or rather “connected” television. The addressed development tendencies are explained through an analysis of successful cooperation between two popular entertainment brands (Marvel Television and Netflix) that is built upon the contemporary ‘boom’ of superheroes and their stories. A basic assumption here is that television drama serials produced by Marvel and exclusively distributed by Netflix can be seen as hybrids of content and promotion which significantly expand Marvel’s global popularity and Netflix’s increasing influence in the sphere of digital media production and distribution.
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Cyberspace of digital media changes contemporary education in two ways: by a new approach to understanding information and a new way of organising this information. In the first case, it is objectification of information that favours the idea of a reduced type of education, based on certain extent of knowledge that is applicable in practice. In our approach, we emphasise the fact that information cannot be taken merely as an object, but also as a contextual and unlimited semantic unit which, through a new organisational level, becomes knowledge. Besides information and knowledge, higher level of cognition requires tacit human features – creativity and wisdom, as well as moral character of man. The second case brings a net-like structure of information, characterised by loop processing, prompt (almost immediate) linking of information that is predominantly image-based. This type of communication and organisation of information is useful because it gives us a fast way of searching for information and – perhaps – more creativity as well. However, it quite possibly implies a risk of weakening some of the cognitive abilities of man (such as logical and abstract thinking), vital not only in the scientific activities, but also in the everyday life. Under influence of communication within cyberspace, contemporary education is beginning to dramatically turn away from discursive (logical, abstract) thinking to associative (especially image-based) thinking. These new trends in education are reflected on really negatively by many authors, for example by M. Bauerlein, N. Carr, K. P. Liessmann or M. Spitzer, as they demand certain ‘counteraction’ which should be based on literacy, critical thinking, information hygiene and which should also become an important component of modern media education.
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Our analysis deals with the electoral contest of individual political parties both before and after the 2016 Slovak parliamentary election was held. The space, which is provided from all kinds of media to political parties, is various. Each medium has an owner and each owner supports different interests. Parliamentary election is considered to be the most important election in Slovakia and thanks to that really wide media coverage is givento them. A couple of months before the opening of the polling stations, discussions had already been underway in both professional and amateur circles regarding the possible variations of the next governing political parties. The media play a large part in decision-making because they can have a meaningful influence on public opinion. Many voters today decide who they will vote for according to media coverage. Political programmes and agendas of the parties and political representatives come second in this decision. In our analysis we also look at online social networking sites, which are currently a huge phenomenon. Every political subject nowadays has its own website and every modern politician has a profile page on Facebook, an account on Twitter and on other social networks. We will also try to approach the possible perspectives of the development of the Slovak political scene.
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The research article aims to describe the overall strategy of the experimental studies aiming to provide a thorough set of knowledge on social networks’ influence on the level of development of the Ukrainian youth’s civic activity. The author presents the results of her own theoretical and research reflection on the structure and characteristicsof the civic activity associated with the Ukrainian youth. The proposed criteria, indicators and diagnostic techniques have led to an empirical research on the Ukrainian youth’s civic activity and its specifics. Firstly, the article refers to various theories and research materials by renowned scholars that reflect on the issue of social networking (social networks, their objectives and functioning in the online space, their impact on the personal development). Secondly, the research study aims to define and discuss the features of the social networks’ influence on the Ukrainian youth’s civic activity and its further development. The author also offers an overview ofthe level of the Ukrainian youth’s civic activity that, as the presented research results reveal, is high in case of the majority of the research participants. The issues related to the use of social networks by young Ukrainian people, i.e. the facts that explain their attitude to this form of communication are also addressed thoroughly, as well as the need for defining the role of social networks in the process of education. The results of the included correlation analysis suggest that the level of the Ukrainian young people’s civic activity and its further development are directly dependent on the use of online social networks. Many young Ukrainians who regularly use social networks are highly active in terms of the civic matters. The research results may help to effectively organise and implement various society-wide projects that would be aimed at the young people in Ukraine specifically.
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The objectives are to analyze the development of the relations in the sphere of the culture between Switzerland and Germany in the 1930-40’s and to determine the reasons for termination of the cultural dialogue between the countries after the arrival of national socialists in German and conditions of its recovery after the Second World War. The historical-genetic and comparative methods were chosen for the study. With the use of the historical-genetic method, the evolution of the German-Swiss cultural relations in the first half of the XX c. was explored. Appeal to the comparative method has enabled to draw the conclusions about the features of the bilateral cultural relations between Switzerland and Germany in the period between the two world wars, during the war of 1939 – 1945 and post-war years. Scientific novelty of the proposed article is that for the first time in Ukrainian historiography an attempt to explore the development of the cultural relations between Switzerland and Germany in 1930 – 40's was made. Conclusions. The main reasons of the Swiss efforts to withdraw from the involvement in the German cultural world in the late 1930's – 40's were memories of the First World War, when the conflict between the French and German communities had put in jeopardy the peace within the Swiss society, and a desire not to create the pretext for the global public accusations against Switzerland of its involvement in the crimes of the national socialists, which could raise doubts about the issue of Swiss neutrality. The background for the restoration of the cultural dialogue between the countries was the desire of Swiss to support the formation of a new democratic regime in the neighboring country, which was realized through the activities of both individual private artistic associations and institutions, and the work of the Swiss diplomacy, which through the analysis of the cultural situation of the particular German states was searching for the potential areas and ways of cooperation.
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The purpose of the work. The socio-cultural tourism practices fully reflect processes caused by postmodernism as a culture and a special type of thinking and perception of the world. The goal of the research is to determine the transformations that occur with tourism practices in the contemporary postmodern culture under the influence of networking technologies of the virtual world. The research methodology is based on the cultural approach with the use of historical and logical methods. Indicated methodological approach allows to reveal and analyze virtual tourism practice as a new form of cultural relations. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that some of the new travel practices are considered as a product of post-modernism, appeared in the conditions of widespread network technologies and virtual reality. Conclusions. Today we do not know what cultural effects virtual tourism and virtual travel community bring, but their development is a natural process. On the one hand their appearance is due to the presence of computer communications systems under the influence of which the perception of the world changes, on the other hand ‒ to the formation of the virtual culture, under the influence of which a new type of a tourist with special needs and behavior is born. Social tourism communities are a valuable tool for cultural exchange, personal and emotional growth and increasing of number of connections with other people. In addition, such online platforms provide a space for people who can participate in the formation of relationships in the fields of non-commercial tourism space. These relations are formed under the influence of expectations and values of individuals and create cultural realities.
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The purpose of the research. The article is devoted to a problem of return and a restitution of cultural values in the context of the Ukrainian-American cooperation. The review of the cultural values returned from the USA by the Ukrainian diaspora is carried out. It is analysed a current state of affairs and legislative base in a question of return and a restitution of cultural values within the Ukrainian-American dialogue. The main objectives of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine in the field of return and a restitution of cultural values are given. The return prospects from the USA to Ukraine of the picture of the famous French artist of the XVIII century Pierre Louis Goudro «Lovers» lost by the National Museum of Arts of Bogdan and Varvara Hanenko during nazi occupation of Kiev in 1943, and graphic works of Yakov Gnizdovsky are designated. The methodology of research is based on a historical method, the analysis and synthesis, a specification and culturological approach. The called methodological ways allow to study concrete culturological measurements of professional activity on return of cultural values, to carry out the art criticism analysis of such values and to define their component in interrelation with the past, present and future. Scientific novelty of the research is that for the first time the author made an attempt of partial systematization of information on the cultural values returned to Ukraine from America, and the analysis of legislative base of two countries in questions of return and restitution of the specified monuments. Conclusions. In modern conditions of eurointegration processes of Ukraine the question of return of cultural values plays extremely great value and is the perspective direction of bilateral cooperation. It is important especially from the perspective of enriching the cultural values of the state, as a result of such activity Ukrainian cultural treasury is replenished with unique works of fine and decorative arts, rare archival materials and book collections.
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The aim of this study is to examine the nature of the communication processes and problems of their effectiveness, to identify communication processes impact on the effectiveness of personnel and the possibility of improving communication structures, to substantiate the optimal directions of development of communication strategy in order to enhance the effectiveness of labor.The essence and role of communication processes in the company in the current economic conditions has been investigated, the importance of information and its dissemination mechanism while ensuring the effective using of communication processes have been characterized, the main problems and ways of forming the communication strategy company have been determined, the most common forms of communication interaction have been analyzed.It has been substantiated that there is a direct correlation between well-established communication process and the quality of the structural divisions, individual employee, groups of employees and businesses in general. It has been proved that communication creates favorable conditions for the disclosure of professional and business skills of employees, promotes their creative potential, which in turn improves the effectiveness of labor. It has been determined that the communication should be a required element of the personnel management system that is the impetus for the development of qualitatively new scientific methods and approaches to the design of internal communications.
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Aim of this article is to analyse the impact of Open Source on the quality of education. The article discusses main trends in development of Open Source, its application, benefits and drawbacks of exploiting the approach with regards to education, and the potent of Open Source to change the traditional tertiary education. Openness contributes to emergence of a more available and competitive higher education system, with the ability to improve access to learning materials and their development in conformity with regional particularities. Development of Open Education has initiated a significant global shift in the area which complements and diversifies the forms and methods of learning.
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The article is devoted to establishing of the influence peculiarities in the British and Ukrainian virtual dialogical communication on the material of such genres as chats, blogs and forums. The isomorphic and allomorphic features of the use of lexicon in interlocutors’ behavior as a significant instrument of communicative influence are established and analyzed. The lexicon is compared according to the strata of elevated and low vocabulary of the present-day English and Ukrainian languages. The percentage of the words is presented in every genre of a dialogue in the comparative view and a general statistic conclusion is made on the basis of the data of the whole virtual format of communication.
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The ‘Society of the Circassian Unity’ established in October 1899 in British-occupied Egypt by a group of antagonists of the Abdülhamid II’s absolutist regime, set itself as an object, on the one hand, spreading the ideas of Ottoman constitutional-liberal (Young Turk) movement among the North Caucasian (Circassian) diaspora population of the Middle East, and, on the other hand, consolidating the national identity of its fellow-countrymen through their ethno-cultural enlightenment. The society’s periodical – ‘İttihad Gazetesi’ – focused its attention on criticism of the Porte’s policies regarding the North Caucasian immigrants and on appraisal of perspectives of their ‘national’ advance in the Ottoman domains. Despite very short duration of the period of activities of both the society and the newspaper, they witnessed certain level of maturity of new ethnic intelligentsia formed in diaspora that was seeking to articulate the specific interests of Middle Eastern Circassians within the framework of the doctrine of Ottomanism. The article examines the conditions of formation, ideological attitudes and major activities of the first legal association of the North Caucasian diaspora in the Middle East – the ‘Society of the Circassian Unity’, established in Cairo in 1899. The reasons of its failure to implement its program objectives are analyzed.
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Purpose of Article. The purpose of work is to develop a methodological model of Cultural studies of society and culture based on the principles of the systems theory. Methodology. The conceptual methodological core of the research is the system analysis of the socio-cultural objects as complex, multi-level and multi-component systems. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the understanding of systems theory from the perspective of issues of the cultural studies. The study is based on a conceptual paradigm: any socio-cultural object is a system, which consists of separate parts, linked by certain relations; the system is in the process of continuous development and interaction with the environment. In the article the author highlights the peculiarities of the system analysis in cultural studies, carries out the classification cultural systems, analyzes the development model of regulated and self-organized systems (synergetic model), and traces process of intercultural communication through the prism of the system analysis. Conclusions. The article shows the potential of systems theory in the field of Cultural studies of the solving theoretical problems (to study laws of the socio-cultural development of a society), as well as the development of the practical projects (a strategy of the state cultural policy, simulation of intercultural interaction in the modern realities etc.).
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