Ф. М. ДОСТОЈЕВСКИ, СИМОНА ВЕЈ И СТОЈАН СТИВ ТЕШИЋ O ДУХОВНОЈ ИСКОРИЈЕЊЕНОСТИ САВРЕМЕНОГ ЧОВЈЕКА И ПУТЕВИМА КОЈИ МОГУ ДОВЕСТИ ДО ПОНОВНОГ УКОРЈЕЊИВАЊА

Author(s): Radoje Šoškić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 49/2/2012

The present paper strives to analyse the works and ideas of three authors F. M. Dostoevsky („Legend of the Grand Inquisitor“), Simone Weil (The Need for Roots), and Stojan Steve Tesich (On the open road) in the light of their struggle for reviving man’s primordial forms of conscience and consciousness which will help humanity regain ability to resist religious and ethical mutations of the present era. These authors believe that the official religious institutions of Christian church, having cast away Christ’s gospel of brotherly love, have sided with “Him”, (as voiced and testified by Dostoevsky’s Grand Inquisitor) the Satan himself, who tempted Christ in the desert by offering him rule over “kingdom of earth” in exchange for Christ’s submission. Scientific humanism coupled with Christianity’s betrayal of eternal values posited by Christ has stripped man naked of the religious context which gave his life meaning, leaving him/her free falling in the abyss of nihilism. Weil suggests, which is one of her major ideas in The need for Roots, that the cure to the moral plight of modern European humanity resides in its ability to bring back “the spirit of truth”, love and grace into modern Christianity, which is in its present state devoid of these evangelical virtues. Weil and Dostoevsky’s ideas are shared by Steve Tesich, a Serbian-American screenwriter, playwright and novelist, whose play On the open road is based on Dostoevsky’s „Legend of the Grand Inquisitor“.

Nesuvokiamoji tikrovės motina: materijos sampratos formavimasis antikinėje filosofijoje

Author(s): Naglis Kardelis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 10/2015

The author of the article, drawing upon the data from the history of Classical philosophy and linguistics, presents an analysis of the formation of the concept of matter in the philosophy of Classical Antiquity. In the first chapter of the article, a few preliminary remarks are given concerning with the differences of conceptual economy of the concept of matter in two different spheres – that of ideology and that of pure theoretical philosophy. In the author’s opinion, the understanding of matter in ideologically oriented materialisms, such as the so-called dialectical materialism and the so-called historical materialism, serves certain ideological goals and has nothing or almost nothing to do with genuine efforts to elucidate the concept of matter and to grasp – in terms of pure philosophy and theoretical analysis of purely philosophical nature – the nature of matter and the conceptual economy of this concept. In the preliminary chapter of the article, the author also presents some observations concerning the narrowness and particularity characteristic of the analysis of matter (or materiality understood in various senses and from different angles of view) both in materialistically oriented analytic philosophy, driven by reductionistic agenda, and in materialistically oriented continental philosophy concerned mostly with practical (especially ethical and political) aspects of materiality and corporality. In the second chapter, the author analyses the commonly held views about matter, characteristic of everyday consciousness, as well as the understanding of matter prevalent in the pre-philosophical stage of Classical culture. The author is of the opinion that the most informative corpus of data about the specific features of the understanding of matter in the earliest (pre-philosophical) period of Classical culture can be drawn from the history of language. Therefore, the etymologies of Classical Greek, Latin, and Lithuanian words, meaning matter, materiality, and other similar concepts, are discussed in connection with various possible lines of philosophical interpretation of presented linguistic data. The author shows the philosophical potential inherent in the language itself, even in its most archaic, pre-philosophical, layer, and even in the common, pre-terminological strata of everyday linguistic usage. The Latin words materia “matter (also subject matter as a thing under discussion); the raw material; the mother-stem of a tree; the cen- 40 trally located essential part of any living thing”, matrix “matrix, mother (thought of as giving birth, generating); womb, receptacle; hard form (stereotype); template (prepared in advance for some soft, liquid mass, or molten matter); pattern, form (either material or ideal); etc” (in connection with their common etymological ancestor, the Latin word mater “mother”), and silva “forest; felled trees, logs (collectively); the raw material”, the ancient Greek word hulē “forest; felled trees, logs (collectively); the raw material”, the Lithuanian words medžiaga “matter (also subject matter as a thing under discussion); felled trees, logs (collectively); the raw material”, mediena “felled trees, logs (collectively)”, medis “tree”, medžias “forest”, and other relevant lexical examples are examined at some length. In the third chapter of the article, the author presents an analysis of the formation of the concept of matter in Presocratic and late Platonic philosophy. It is argued that the Presocratics, although lacking any definite, exactly articulated, concept of matter in, say, Aristotelian or late Platonic sense, each viewed their postulated principle (arkhē) of reality as some sort of material substance (sometimes thought of as inherently possessing some ideal, or spiritual, qualities). The author of the article stresses the conceptual relation between the Greek concept of phusis “nature”, commonly employed by the Presocratics, and the concept of hulē, which is evidently the ultimate source of the Latin word materia, understood as a philosophical term and coined by the Romans after hulē, although this latter word began its career as a clearly defined philosophical term only with the writings of Aristotle). The understanding of matter characteristic of the Presocratic Ionian philosophers (Anaximenes, Heraclitus, etc), the ancient Greek Atomists (Leucippus, Democritus, etc), and Empedocles is briefly touched upon in the context of the author’s analysis of the formation of the concept of matter in this period. After that is discussed the late Platonic notion of matter, presented in the Timaeus (in the context of a philosophical myth) as a very vague and inscrutable principle of reality. The late Platonic notion of “Receptacle” (the “Mother” and “womb” of all reality), which might be thought of as ingeniously combining the notion of matter, as a soft substrate of “hard” forms, and the notion of hard matrix, as a receptacle of “soft” material mixture under formation, might be viewed as a great step in the direction of Aristotelian understanding of prime matter. This inscrutable “Mother” of all Reality is given by Plato a lot of different and imprecise names, thus evading strict, non-ambivalent definition. Exemplifying a very significant milestone in the evolution of the concept of matter, the Platonic notion of “Receptacle” – and Plato’s understanding of matter in general, closely related to this vague notion – is given by the author of the article much more attention than all previous stages in the development of the concept of matter. 41NESUVOKIAMOJI TIKROVĖS MOTINA: MATERIJOS SAMPRATOS FORMAVIMASIS ANTIKINĖJE FILOSOFIJOJE In the fourth chapter of the article, the author discusses the Aristotelian understanding of matter. The Aristotelian theory of matter is viewed as a pinnacle and ultimate expression of Classical Greek thinking about matter. The prime matter, thought of as matter par excellence and the purest exemplification of the principle of matter as such, is understood by Aristotle as pure potentiality and contrasted with the conceptually opposite principle of form, that is, the principle of pure actuality. Therefore, the Aristotelian concept of prime matter might be viewed as some kind of a liminal concept (or a conceptual limit), that enables the human mind to think about substances and is employed in order to grasp the difference between substance and its form. The difference between the Aristotelian concept of prime matter and that of secondary matter is also briefly discussed by way of analogy. It is argued that the Aristotelian understanding of matter is significantly removed from the everyday experience of materiality, substantiality and corporality. It is, therefore, somewhat counterintuitive for most people lacking philosophical training, but, nevertheless, despite its counter-intuitiveness – and, arguably, namely for that very reason – it has become part of a very powerful and universal conceptual tool that might be productively employed in the analysis of various and very different manifestations of reality. In the fifth chapter of the article, the author, combining and synthesizing the results achieved in all previous chapters, somewhat extends the Aristotelian understanding of matter and projects it into the context of contemporary science, thus revealing a few contradictions inherent in the very concept of matter. First of all, attention is drawn to the fact that matter, as it is understood in contemporary physics, is almost synonymous with energy, while the Aristotelian concept of matter underscores its closest affinity to the concept of potentiality (thought of as a polar opposite with respect to the concept of actuality, that is, the concept of form). Secondly, the concepts of matter and matrix, after closer analysis, reveal both mutual conceptual proximity and conceptual opposition: in different conceptual contexts, each one of them – both matter and matrix – although usually understood as different types or aspects of matter (the etymology of both two words, linking them to their common source, the word mater “mother”, testifies to their conceptual relation) might acquire an aspect of form (and, so to speak, “masculinity”) in relation to its conceptual counterpart. Thus, viewing them from different interpretative angles and in different conceptual settings, we notice that both matter and matrix might appear, if not as a “mother” and a “father” with respect to its “conjugal” counterpart, yet, surely, as a “more motherly” mother and “less motherly” mother in relation to its “spouse” – and changing places in different conceptual settings. Thirdly, we notice 42 that our commonly used English expressions, such as the “subject matter” (and similar others), which underscore the conceptual relation between the meaning of the word matter (thought of as referring to some sort of subject of thought or speech) and the idea of the “material” content of a grammatical or logical form, are used to express the notion of information (thought of as a material mass “poured” into some sort of “matrix” as a “hard” form). Therefore, information, the nature and essence of which is, necessarily, of an ideal, abstract, and formal (that is, strictly immaterial) kind, in some conceptual settings appears as something material – as a material mixture poured into a matrix as a hard “form”, despite the fact that the pieces of information themselves might be viewed as mental forms (that is, ideal entities constituted in the process of thinking). The conclusion is made that the concept of matter, which is the result of long conceptual evolution in linguistic prehistory, Classical times and afterwards, is irremediably vague notion, yet, nevertheless, very conducive to productive philosophical thought: the very paradoxes of this concept exert a benign effect on human thinking, liberating it from its stupor.

THE FORMATION OF THE CRIMEAN TATAR PERIODICALS

Author(s): Liliya Dynikova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

The goal of the present article is to investigate non-Slavic typography of the XVIII–XX centuries. There are ma-terials about the first Printing house in Crimea and the activity of the Crimean Tatar Printing house in Bakhchisarai. The methodology of the research consists in historical, cultural and comparative methods that allow to investigate the whole process of the formation of the Crimean Tatar periodicals. Academic novelty lies in the grounding of the fact that the development of the tatar periodicals was influenced by certain historical processes that formed its contextual filling. There is an Interesting story about publishing of newspapers “Terjiman” and “Enclosing to Terjiman”, where compositions of the Crimean Tatar authors were published. Conclusions. Due to the deportation of the Crimean Tatar people, the typography has not been developing for a long time in Crimea. Most of print and electronic media in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea are issued in the Russian language.

ИСКУССТВО КРЫМСКОГО ХАНСТВА В ЛОГИКЕ ИНТЕРВАЛЬНОГО АНАЛИЗА

Author(s): Meryem Idrisova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

Purpose of Article. The problem of research of art of the Crimean khanate of XIV-XVI centuries is analysed in the article from positions of interdisciplinary methodology of intervality. The analysis of the literary sources, published by the researchers of different directions is conducted. Methodology. Using historical, cultural, philosophical methods of study and analysis of art, the author of the article gives preference poli-methodological theory of intervality which is the product of Post-modernism. The interval approach is based on exposure and coordination of intervals in the separately taken contexts. Scientific novelty. The author underlines the necessity of the using in modern Cultural discourse the Post-modernism interval methodology, which assists more scalene and multidimensional analysis of different types of art in the arts and culture of the Crimean khanate. Conclusions. The culture of the Crimean khanate represents the Eastern Black Sea type of medieval traditional Muslim culture. It has been developing as many others ethnoses of that region. The author highlights the impact of the different ethoses (Armenians, Greeks, Jews, Circassians, the Georgian etc.) on the art culture of the Crimean Tatars. Since the15th century the Crimean khans, understanding advantage of policy of tolerance, gave the chance to numerous ethnoses to keep and create the culture. Today in the Crimea the art monuments, created during the period of the Khanate by Armenians, Greeks, etc. have been remained. Although, it should be noted that the epoch of the Crimean khanate was interval. So it means that in the Crimea the Islamic culture dominated. Analyzing the art culture of the Crimean Khanate, we should note a role of the cross-cultural interference of different ethnoses. The Intervality allows to consider culture as a multilevel phenomenon in which all intervals are democratic and pluralistic. It is expedient to analyse a phenomenon of the art culture of the Crimean Khanate as a system of intervals such as "fine arts", "literature", "music", "folklore". They are divided into types and genres.

GENDER EQUALITY AS AREA OF I. GASPRINSKY’S AWARENESS-RAISING ACTIVITIES

Author(s): Liliya Dynikova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The objective of the paper is to study and to produce a holistic view of the I. Gasprinsky activity aimed at the establishment of a Muslim woman as an equal member of society. Methodology. Scientific thinking on the I. Gasprinsky feminist activity had been based on usage of the axiological and culturological (that has allowed to unfold a humanity and to detect values in the I. Gasprinsky educational activities under review) and integral (that has allowed to analyze the commonality of the I. Gasprinsky cultural and educational system) approaches, and also on source studies (when exam-ining press reports) and contextual analysis (when examining the subject matter of iss. «Alemi Nisvan» («Woman») and other publications of enlightener). The novelty of the issue lies in the fact that I. Gasprinsky activity is studying from the point of view of the feminism, which is important, because of a significant impact of the behalf of women on the Muslim society as a whole. In the work the complete picture of the enlightener’s feminist activity is organized. Conclusions.I. Gasprinsky made a significant step towards fundamental reform of the status of women, which gradually got constant and undeniable rights in a Muslim society. Such kind of activity of the educator laid the foundation of a democratic tradi-tion in Crimean Tatar national movement.

MUSICAL INDICATORS OF HISTORICAL PROCESSUALITY IN THE PARALLELISMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA AND EUROPE

Author(s): Bingqiang Liu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The purpose of given work is to discover musical signs of historic knowledge in connection with the reality of chronological parallelisms of musical development of China and Europe of the Middle Ages and New Time. Methodological basis of the work is an idea about a tone of epoch, put forward by G.Hegel and evolved in the conception of Renaissance by A. Losev. Scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that for the first time it indicates synchronization of culture reformations of development of China and Europe, provided that, historically interaction and interinfluence were excepted. Conclusions. "New relationship" (after C. Jung) reveals itself – "semantic acausal relationship", which allows to understand the regular nature of chronological coincidences in the history of music culture of China and Europe.

FREEMASONRY IN UKRAINE: THE MAIN STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Tetiana Sergeevna Reva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

Freemasonry as a political and social phenomenon is viewed. The main versions of freemason origins and its typology are reviewed. The main symbols of the freemason and their meanings are characterized. The historic links of the freemasonry with different churches and state authority are analyzed. The stages of Ukrainian freemasonry development and its political orientations in XVIII-XX centuries are highlighted.

13. Yüzyıl Türk Halk Şİİrİnde Ahlâkİ Anlayış

Author(s): Mehmet Yardımcı,Ahmet Zeki Güven / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 64/2010

With Malazgirt Victory in 1071 Turks migration began to Anatolia and Islam had found a new expansion field in the hands of Turks and spreading of Islam in Anatolia had accelerated in the period of Principalities and especially Seljuks, Anatolian Seljuks. But in the 13.centuries Mongolian influence which occurred in Central Asia and then affected to Anatolia, led to people different searches. Mongolians had vandalized where they gone through, therefore; a completely crisis period had began to in Anatolia. Especially in this period most of dervishes who got of Yesevi doctrines had immigrated to Anatolia and began to tell Islam with different ways to the people. This saints who came from Central Asia, dwelled upon to doctrines and emphasized that Islam is not a fear religion it is a love religion,and to fall for love to God rather than fear of God. In this way; this Yesevi dervishes who came from Central Asia, helped to people who fallen into crisis process and easily overcome from this process, also they exposed excellent and experienced human type with the help of advice which they gave to people in their works. In this study, in the century of 13 Religious-Sufism Folk Poetry ethical components were exposed and three great poets were examined who lived in the century of 13, such as Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli, Yunus Emre, Said Emre and also, common components which related with the ethical understandings were classified and commented on finding discoveries.

Sprawozdanie: Otwarte Seminarium Filozoficzno-Psychiatryczne "Diagnozy Współczesności", Lublin, 12-13 listopada 2015

Author(s): Andrzej Kapusta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2016

Prius’ът в Хегеловата онтология

Author(s): Ivo Minkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The article interlace the problem about basis and foundations of Science, its topology with Absolute spirit as self-deployment, so as with the attempt to affirm the “identity of being and thought”. Furthermore, the rational construction of Hegel’s ontology acquire different, heuristic, but not irrational interpretation. More specifically, it points out the possibility to consider Hegel’s speculative ethical life in metaphysical aspect.

Как да овладеем своя гняв, преди той да ни овладее

Author(s): Dimitar Bogdanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

This article is dedicated to the anger and how it can every single person trapped by an this negative emotion to deal with it. The author reveals the the sinister side of the anger as an emotion which destroys the personal relationships, leads to aggressive behaviors and even violence can lead to cardiovascular diseases and serious and dramatic consequences such as emotional and personal stress and distress, depression, guilt, embarrassment, feelings of loss of control and lack of confidence in communicating with others. Here are some myths, а wide variety of methods and techniques for dealing with anger, based on the principles of the rational emotive Behavior Therapy in psychology.

Responsibility on the Internet

Author(s): Aleksandra Budzisz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The explanation of the responsibility theme is based on distinctions concerning the physical world and the world of Web. There are theses that claim that the world of the Web exists on equal rights with the physical world. In both realities the context of individuality may be seen from the perspective of existence and presence. The issue of responsibility is based on deliberations of two philosophers – Roman Ingarden and Hans Jonas. Ingarden described its ontological and axiological forms, whereas Jonas explored the issue of the responsibility seen as a vision of the new ethics that results from the needs of technology. Those philosophers made an important distinction between positive responsibility and the responsibility that is based on power and the possibility of fulfilling the positive values and the general idea of a man.

Практически проблеми при противодействието на проявите на насилие и проблемното поведение в училищна среда – образователни, психологически и правни аспекти

Author(s): Stanislav Pandin,Yana Kuzmanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The article examines the possible forms of prevention and intervention in the field of secondary education. The manifestations of violence and problematic behavior are presented through the prisms of education, psychology and law.

Ксенофобия и мултикултурализъм: накъде ще поеме Европа?

Author(s): Doncho Gradev,Aleksandar Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The article includes analysis of the consequences of the policies and practices, known as multiculturalism, focused on xenophobia and related phenomena. Autors stress the need of impartial scientific debate on multiculturalism, having in mind several theoretical contributions in the field. Situation is worsening because of powerful political and economic interests, influencing the onesided and/or selective application of scientific knowledge available. Special attention is devoted to several specific contradictions in the ongoing European discussion on multiculturalism policies.

SVIJEST O VREMENU MODERNE I NJENA POTREBA ZA SAMOUVJERENJEM

Author(s): Jürgen Habermas / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 03+04/1988

The text represents the first chapter from the book on philosophic discourse of Modernism by Jürgen Habermas. The central figures are Hegel and Benjamin. The author discusses Hegel's discovery of subjectivity as a principle of new times. He explains the superiority of the modern world and its crisis, the world of progress and alienated spirit at the same time. The crucial historic events for establishment of the subjectivity principle are: Reformation, Enlightenment and French Revolution. In Modernism, religious life, nation and society are transformed and so are science, morality and art. The structure of Modernism in philosophy includes abstract subjectivity in Descartes cogito, absolute self-confidence in Kant, who places the mind as the highest tribunal, before which relevance has to be justified.

Socijalizam i svijet tehnike

Author(s): Džana Rahimić-Bužo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2015

The aim of primary considerations in this paper is not the presentation of socialism even as the idea of absolute success, on the one hand, neither as the idea of absolute failure, on the other hand, as well as not taking a position with which the advocate of socialism or deny same. As any other idea, the idea of socialism has its victories as well as its defeats, and taking into consideration the natural progression of human dimension always celebrated the idea of victory. Therefore, the aim of this review is a modest attempt at an overview of the principles and character of socialism to attempt interpretation and understanding of the principles and aspirations of the art and the reigning world techniques. It is of paramount importance to point out here that the term does not mean the world of technology systems in the field of our everyday life in which technical devices means without which the contemporary man lives almost unthinkable, but the question about the world of the art shell be understood in the light of Heideggerian, that is a question of technique and of such a world refers to what is, so to speak, "the other side" area that is in terms of the area of observe, observer, he demonstrates, this is what is the nature of things first (first in terms of the significance of our existence).

Mjesto susreta Istoka i Zapada: Buddha i Nietzsche

Author(s): Đuldina Kurtović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2014

The overview of the key points in which their reflections encounter, especially those which are related to the existential determination of man and his position in the world, allows comparative study to find its way towards the realization of co-operation and respect for the other and different. The attitude towards life, understanding of the suffer, position of the man in the world are just some of the important touch points on which the philosophies of these two great men meet and dissipate. As riddle that will always represent a source for further comparative researches, Buddha and Nietzsche have greatly influenced the philosophical flows that will follow after them. In order to understand these touch points it is necessary to meet the basic characteristics of their philosophies. European civilization, and thus European man, have reached the end of their development path, and Nietzsche sees the cause in old values, values that ceased to be the directive in life. Nietzsche will recognize and announce values such like that, through critic of morality, religion and philosophy. By criticizing the tradition, Nietzsche is trying to preserve it. For Nietzsche, each moral represents one's will for power, and that shapes the true reality in which a man is pinned down in the world. Through an eternal return, he wants to show that it is a renewal form of the will for power. Nietzsche will not leave us without hope, nor a pessimistic view of the world or without possible solution to the problem in which we find ourselves. He offers art as area where life affirmation is possible. One of the touch points on which Buddha's and Nietzche's philosophical thought meet is a kind of attitude opposite the world, or how they respresent that: “disgust on the world.“ Disgusting on the world and meditative purification brings individual to indifference, to thirst without thirst (nirvana), considers Buddha. On the other hand, the path that Nietzsche advocates, the path of Zaratustra is marked by overcoming the disgust. It is solution for ending pain, suffer, caused by these dirty lives, that can be achieved by escaping life's desires, escaping from life itself. Here we encounter the point at which Buddha and Nietzsche separate. According to Nietzche, buddhism is missing courage and trust in life. “Disgust on the world“, for Buddha, is actually necessarily part that has to be passed on the way of purification. Nietzche considers this path for decadent, that it is a sign of decay, and Nietzche cannot see any positive context in the buddhism in this way of overcoming disagreement with the world. Altough he criticized the ascetic ideal and the buddhist attitude of life, Nietszche agrees with Buddha that loneliness is hypothesis of realization of the authentic existance, in fact, deep suffer is the one who refines, and return of the man into solitude is the possibility of achieving purification and establishing relationships with others. As with Buddha, as with Nietzsche we can find a request directed to a man, where it is said that man needs to be light to himself and to be a resort to himself to turn to.

Велики рат, Видовданска етика, памћење - о историји идеја и Спомену Жртве

Author(s): Bogoljub Šijaković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 9/2015

Beginning with a characterization of contemporaneity (dominance of the financial sector and high technology, politicization of economy, ideological use of culture and control of the capacity for thought) and a brief analysis of expansionism (political, economic, cultural) on the eve of the Great War, the author embarks on a more detailed description of the spiritual situation in the wake of the Great War: in philosophy, literature, art, as well as the national-political programmatic texts and war propaganda publications of German intellectuals of the time. The continuity of the Austro-Hungarian colonial policy towards the Balkans and Serbia culminates in instigating a preventive war against Serbia by the elites in Berlin and Vienna, which is of importance with regard to the question of responsibility for the war, guided by concrete aims of war in which causes for war are reflected. These war elites wanted to declare the assassination in Sarajevo as the cause of war, which in fact was a political assassination and tyrannicide. The freedom movement of democratic youth, Mlada Bosna (Young Bosnia), needs to be viewed in the European context as inspired by the Serbian tradition of the cult of Kosovo and the ethics of Vidovdan (St Vitus' Day) which speaks both about the victim's sacrifice as sublimation of history and about just suffering as elements of identity. Historical memory suggests that historical responsibility is transgenerational. The epic proportions of Serbian suffering in the Great War have additionally encouraged the positing of the theme of St Vitus' Day Temple (Vidovdanski Hram) as envisaged by Ivan Meštrović. The foundations of this idea were shaken by Miloš Crnjanski who, in his 'Lyrics of Ithaca', succeeds in returning to Vidovdan (St Vitus' Day) the inexhaustible national power of validity. Because of enormous Serbian military and civilian casualties in recent history, the need to establish a Victim's Sacrifice Memorial, in our day has identity and existential, ethical and ontological significance for the Serbian nation.

Otwarcie na wiarę w filozoficzno-pedagogicznej koncepcji Stefana Szumana

Author(s): Marek Mariusz Tytko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

1. The goal of this article is to present the openness to belief in Stefan Szuman’s thinking. 2. Methodology. The author uses the historiographical method. 3. The main results of the analysis. The author discusses the following philosophical (metaphysical and ethical) and pedagogical (educational) issues: the virtue of belief (the virtue of faith) and the non-virtue of atheism (the un-virtue of atheism), and Szuman’s arguments concerning, among other things, the relation between man and God, the relation between belief (faith) and reason, and the relations of human rights to belief (faith) and to salvation. Quotations for the analysis have been taken from Szuman’s published works, written before, during or after World War II. The author also presents the influence of Szuman’s ideas on Karol Wojtyła (1920–2005), who was a participant in his 1949 university seminar on philosophical anthropology (i.e.: “characterology,” or personalism) at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. 4. Limitations of the analysis. This article encourages further discussion of the place of belief (faith) in the Humanities, albeit the discussion is limited to the ideas of Stefan Szuman. 5. Practical implications. The results of the analysis may be used as a rational argument for the greater presence of belief (faith) in the Humanities. 6. Social implications. The results of the analysis are of value to teachers. 7. The originality of the article (new value, novelty). The paper is the first to present a primary source and example-based discussion of Stefan Szuman’s ideas regarding belief and openness to God.

IN SEARCH OF MORAL BALANCE: CONVERSION AND CHURCH ADHERENCE IN THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH DURING THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD

Author(s): Tünde Komáromi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

In this paper I return to the question of church adherence and conversion adding ethnographic depth to my discussion with the intention of making some generalisations. In a previous paper (KOMÁROMI 2011a) I reflected on the relationship between possession and conversion and I presented the cases of two women. Beginning with this paper I would like to broaden the perspective on conversion and relate the processes involved more generally to life crisis situations, conflicted relationships, severe illnesses or death and mourning.