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Report on the Implementation of WorkPackage 2 “Analyses of Legal, Ethical, Human, Technical and Social Factors of ICT and E-Learning Development and Intercultural Competences State in Every Partner Country” in the Framework of the IRNet Project

Author(s): Eugenia Smyrnova-Trybulska,Ewa Ogrodzka-Mazur,Anna Szafrańska-Gajdzica,Ewelina Doluk,Piet Kommers,Nataliia Morze,Tatiana Noskova,Tatiana Pavlova,Olga Yakovleva,Paulo Pinto,Juan Arias-Masa,Sixto Cubo Delgado,Gemma Delicado Puerto,Martin Drlík,Josef Malach,Tomayess Issa,Maryna Romaniukha / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

This article, prepared by an international team of researchers from different scientific areas, connected with ICT, e-learning, pedagogy, and other related disciplines, focuses on the objectives and some results of the international project IRNet. In particular, the article describes research tools, methods, and a procedure of the WP2, that is, analyses of legal, ethical, human, technical, and social factors of ICT and e-learning development, and the state of intercultural competences in partner countries: objectives, tasks, deliverables, and implementation of research trips. Researchers from Poland, the Netherlands, Spain, Slovakia, Portugal, Czech Republic, Australia, Ukraine, and Russia analyzed the results of WP2 in the context of the next stages and Work packages of IRNet project – International Research Network.

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РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ ИДЕЙ АРИСТОТЕЛЯ В ИСТОРИКО-ФИЛОСОФСКОМ НАСЛЕДИИ ГАНСА КЕЛЬЗЕНА

Author(s): Anton Didikin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

In a short note, the author outlines a series of Hans Kelsen’s studies dedicated to Ancient political thought, esp. his The Philosophy of Aristotle and Hellenic-Macedonian Policy. He believes that these relatively neglected minor studies of the famous philosopher of law could still be of interest to contemporary classicists and historians of philosophy.

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Białe kłamstwo w praktyce medycznej z perspektywy wybranych teorii etycznych

Author(s): Krzysztof Sobczak,Agata Janaszczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2015

Does a medical practitioner have a moral obligation to mislead a patient about hiscondition, if he has subjective certainty, that revealing the truth to the patient mayharm him even more? Or, perhaps the practioner is always bound to fully inform thepatient about true state of his health? Idea that pertains to those questions is, in itsnature, achronic. It has accompanied medicine since its birth and has also becomean issue pondered by philosophers. Over the course of centuries, various ethicalfundaments have been created by social and historical contexts. Their purpose wasto evaluate the so called ‘white lie’. The intention of this article is to classify and describemain ethical concepts, within which a solution to this issue has been sought for.

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ПРОБЛЕМА СЕМЬИ В ПОЭМЕ М.Ю. ЛЕРМОНТОВА «ПЕСНЯ ПРО ЦАРЯ ИВАНА ВАСИЛЬЕВИЧА, МОЛОДОГО ОПРИЧНИКА И УДАЛОГО КУПЦА КАЛАШНИКОВА»

Author(s): Natalia Gennadevna Komar / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The paper is devoted to the problem of family in M.Yu. Lermontov’s poem “The Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the Young Oprichnik, and the Daring Merchant Kalashnikov”. The most authoritative scientific concepts are considered. The moral and ethical content of the work is evaluated. The figurative and narrative features of the poem are explored in relation to their conformity or discrepancy with those of the Old Russian literature. The subjects of comparative analysis are literary works representing the Old Russian literature (“The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” and “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom”) and A.S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter”. It is concluded that the realities of the 14th century depicted in the poem serve mainly as a historical background expressing the worldview, which was alien to the culture of the Ancient Rus’.

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Zwierzęta w reklamie mięsa

Author(s): Dariusz Gzyra / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2014

Alexander Solzhenitsyn once said: “Violence is never used in isolation – it is always accompanied by a lie”. Meat is something that is inevitably linked to violence against animals. In 2005, Stowarzyszenie Empatia published a report “Animals in meat commercials”, which was an attempt to critically analyze images of animals on the packaging of meat products, advertising, and trademarks. Hundreds of gathered examples demonstrated consistency of the use of images of animals, for example: suggestion that the animals are satisfied volunteers for breeding and slaughter. Often, the animals are shown in a humorous and unreal way. Advertising directed to children uses specific techniques, for example diminutive names of goods. Publication of the report resulted in the modification of the Code of Ethics in Advertising provisions regarding the use of the animals’ image. Has anything changed since? Is writing a code is enough? Are the practices of Polish producers and traders unique? Is it possible to talk about the ethical ways of advertising meat, which itself is directly linked to animals’ suffering?

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ЕЛЕНА ЧЕКАЛОВА – ТЕЛЕКРИТИК ГАЗЕТЫ «МОСКОВСКИЕ НОВОСТИ»: ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ВЫСТУПЛЕНИЙ И КРИТЕРИИ ОЦЕНКИ ТЕЛЕЭФИРА

Author(s): Roman Petrovich Bakanov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2015

This paper presents the results of research on E. Chekalova’s works published in the early 1990s and introducing television criticism in the “agenda” of Russian print media. The television critic was focused on the low proficiency of television journalists, increased number of entertainment related television programs, and significant politicization of television broadcasting. Having reviewed 57 publications of the author, it was concluded that E. Chekalova generally negatively assessed the quality of television programs and changes on the main Russian television channels of that time. The absence of clear criteria for assessment of television projects, small volume of the publications making it difficult to perform a comprehensive analysis of the television programs, and weak argumentation of the author’s statements are the characteristics of the style employed by this television critic in the “Moscow News”.

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Współczesny teatr polski wobec aborcji

Author(s): Ewelina Wejbert‑Wąsiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2015

In Poland, abortion is particularly engaging to discuss political and religious elite. For many years the debate on the rights of women to abortion increases during election campaigns. Sociologists focus on the study of social facts, highlighting the links between them and building general rules. Art as a social fact is of interest to the sociology of culture and art. The aim of this paper is to compare scientifc discourse, sociological discourse about abortion and art ( theater). Theatre and monographic studies about the phenomenon of abortions allow to keep track of correspondence of art and social reality. The article describes the selection of theater on the phenomenon of abortion from the perspective of the story and creative motivation.

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Jamming i hakowanie jako praktyki oporu

Author(s): Kamil Lipiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2015

The article examines the specificity of semantic jammings based on emerging practices of subversion and wide -range of symbolic strategies adopted by hackers and pirates in order to oppose to the domination of cognitive capitalism. Aiming to reverse the established meanings, jammers or hackers oppose to an advent of cognitive capitalism and shed a new light on ambiguous status of piracy. Although their activity undermines copyright by using both practices of appropriations and internet hackings, nevertheless serves predominantly as the medium of freedom of speech. Referring to the battles fought between hackers and crackers during Balkan Wars and media hijacking in the area of Net -art, the author stresses that these two semantic contexts both explain the contemporary dynamics of countercultural competences and express the critical views on democratic sharing of knowledge.

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In search of moral imagination that tells us “who the Kurds are”: Toward a new theoretical approach to modern Kurdish literature

Author(s): Joanna Bocheńska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The main objective of this article is to propose a new theoretical perspective on modern Kurdish literature in order to enrich the existing field, which has mainly focused on identity and social issues. This article refers to Kwame Appiah’s reflections on the ethics of identity and the concept of moral imagination by Martha Nussbaum, Patricia Werhane and Lawrence M. Hinman, and argues that the proposed moral imagination can have an important contribution to analysing Kurdish literature, deepening existing approaches and better evaluating Kurdish prose. It can also provide a greater insight into the difficult colonial and postcolonial interrelations.

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LİDERLİK VE SAĞLIKLI BİR KURUM KÜLTÜRÜNE OLAN ETKİLERİ

Author(s): Hakan Çora / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2016

Leadership has an enormous affect on organizational culture, which is a set of procedures and principles that lead to the behavior of its members through words, gesticulations and interpersonal relationships; it is also the lead on the predictions of the future and promoting the trailer to change. The relationship between these concepts contributes either to repeal or reduction of productivity in any corporation. What kind of leadership styles should take a leader follow to promote a healthy organizational culture? And what are the characteristics and styles a leader should have? Is there a guiding power dedicated to have a healthy organization? And finally, to what extend ethics can play a role in constructing or demolishing a corporation?

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ETKİLİ LİDERLİĞİN SIRLARI

Author(s): Ali Nazmi Çora,Hakan Çora / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2016

It is known that leadership is a broad concept; heads of state, heads of government, commanders, political party leaders, directors of institutions, judges, referees, teachers and even heads of the family, though very different from one another, are all in the position of a leader. Defined as the behavioral method of influencing groups toward defined goals and targets, leadership has interpersonal relationships at its core (Cooper, 2005, Cora, A. N. 2014). In today’s united world, leadership knowledge and experience is gaining a growing reputation. Today, people encourage leadership to achieve perfection. Management does not put enough emphasis on encouraging employees to improve their condition, and to make them fully productive. In this context, management in the hands of an effective leader will ensure maximum efficiency (Cora, H. 2016, Ayturk, Nihat, 1990).

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ПРАВО И НРАВСТВЕННОСТЬ В ПАРАДИГМЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЦИВИЛИСТИКИ

Author(s): Farida Ildarovna Hamidullina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

The problem of relations between law and morality is an essential and integral part of the theoretical foundation of modern civil law. The aim of the paper is to examine the relation between law and morality from the paradigmatic point of view. To achieve this goal, the following objectives are set: to define the category of “paradigm”, “legal paradigm”, and “paradigm of civil law”; to consider the relation between law and morality from the standpoint of civil law paradigm in different periods. The conclusion is made that the paradigm is a research position of the scientific community in relation to the surrounding world. The legal paradigm seeks to express a certain perception of the world and reflects the generated way of understanding justice and effective regulatory effects on social relations. The paradigm of civil law is a particular way to the scientific vision of civil rights, which enables common civil law in the context of culture. The paradigm of civil law has changed due to the dramatic changes in the socio-political and economic life of society. Thus, in the paradigm of civil law of the Soviet period, which rejected the division of the right to private and public and asserted the absence of private property, there was a strict demarcation line between law and morality. Currently, shifting of the efforts towards identification of the underlying relations between law and morality due to the changes in the civil law paradigm associated with the declaration of private law principles and their implementation in the public consciousness takes place.

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KUTADGU BİLİG’İN ÜÇ BOYUTU VE TOPLUM SINIFLANDIRMASI

Author(s): Ali Çavuşoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2012

One of the first literary books given knowledge about the structures of culture, ethic and thought is Kutadgu Bilig in Turkish Islamic literature. Most important features of the book is being constructed around a hero called Gündoğdu and being a systematic work both for internal and external features. It shows also cultural level that Turcs reached contextually and formally. Yusuf Has Hacib is one of the important men of the era in sociology, political sciences, ethics and religion as it had been understood in his work. He had seen himself responsible about society, state government and had given advise how a good administrator and administration must be. He prepared his work to lead the society as many men of letters and thinker had done. Taking place global values in the work and opinions and judgements overlap with the indications of modern sciences increase the importance of work in addition. Works, experimentals, observations, evidences being made beforehand has a contribution in the healthy progress in every field today. Especially on culture which never will be mentioned as old this contribution grows more. Kutadgu Bilig the headstone of Turkish Islamic culture stand in front of us a concrete example that culture never will be named as old and in every culture there are portions to be benefitted.

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Sense for non-sense. Review of “Enactive Cognition at the Edge of Sense-Making. Making Sense of Non Sense”

Author(s): Jacek Olender / Language(s): English Issue: 2-3/2015

The book edited by Massimiliano Cappuccio and Tom Froese is aimed at understanding non-sense in cognition and the process of sense-making. The authors of twelve chapters included in the book focus on different aspects of sense-making in diversified aspects of cognition. The texts included in the book show that sense-making is one of the most important aspects of cognition in general. They put the enactive perspective to the problem, which influences the overall reception of the book. Since enactivism has strong philosophical implications, not everyone will agree with the positions proposed by the authors, and some of the chapters are non-canonical even in their views on enactivism. However, even readers not accepting this approach might find the book interesting and thought provoking.

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Argumenty na rzecz nieredukcyjnego ujęcia tożsamości osobowej

Author(s): Mariusz Grygianiec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2016

In the debate on personal identity many different criteria of identity are proposed and defended. Criteria of identity are usually taken to state necessary and sufficient conditions of identity and are viewed, in their metaphysical interpretation, as providing truth conditions of relevant identity statements. In my paper I argue that this view is misconceived and I present some arguments for the simple view of personal identity, according to which there are no noncircular and informative criteria of identity for persons. In particular, I argue that there are no other facts of the matter than identity itself which would serve as truth conditions of statements concerning numerical identity. I also try to justify the view that in most cases criteria of identity should be interpreted either epistemically as a means for finding out whether identity holds or not or metaphysically as criteria of genidentity, which provide appropriate persistence conditions for objects of a given kind.

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Intuition and Insight. The Analysis of their selected features with reference to Bernard Lonergan position

Author(s): Monika Walczak / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2016

The paper discusses notions of intuition and insight. The most typical features attributed to intuition in the history of philosophy – receptiveness, passivity, immediateness, directness, self-evidence, infallibility, and indubitability – are analyzed. A variability of the notion of intuition is shown, taking as its example the category of insight, central for the epistemology of Bernard J.F. Lonergan (1904–1984), the twentieth-century philosopher locating between phenomenology, Thomism and hermeneutics. Insight is still in some respects a kind of intuition although it is creative, active, mediated, indirect, fallible and open to revision.

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Neutralność światopoglądowa

Author(s): Arkadiusz Chrudzimski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2016

In this paper I focus on the concept of neutrality taken in the meaning typical for political discussions concerning e.g. the religious neutrality of the state. I take it for granted that the huge majority of educated people belonging to the so called “western culture” would agree that the most important institutions of our social life – such as schools, courts, and parliaments – should be neutral in this sense. But on the other hand it is extremely difficult to formulate a set of precise and reliable criteria allowing us to exclude particular statements, arguments or kinds of discourse as violating this principle of neutrality. The sad truth is that the term “neutrality”, even if restricted to the meaning that is relevant to this paper, is rather vague. Nevertheless I want to propose three types of criteria that can be helpful in attaining this goal. They will be termed: (i) content criterion, (ii) epistemic criterion, and (iii) pragmatic criterion. It seems that if we apply all these criteria together, we will be able to secure a reasonable degree of neutrality in our public debates.

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Problem sceny w Tischnerowskiej filozofii dramatu

Author(s): Witold P. Glinkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2016

The paper aims to pinpoint one of the main interpretational problems of Józef Tischner’s philosophy – the dispute around the notion of scene, which is the basic concept in Tischner’s ‘philosophy of drama’. It is as well strongly connected with theatre studies. That is why it is common to regard Tischner’s philosophy in a theatrical context. On the other hand, Tischner’s scene is also referred to world of entities, which in traditional philosophy was a field of ontological investigates. Both abovementioned tendencies are a result of misunderstanding Tischner’s thought and they lead to the wrong interpretation of his philosophy of man. Yet according to Tischner man does not play in a drama as an actor on the scene, but rather he is a dramatical being. Proper understanding of Tischner’s notion of scene is essential to understand his philosophical project and to recognize its value and novelty.

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Człowiek w imperium czasu, sens w imperium znaków. Hermeneutyka a sens historii

Author(s): Katarzyna Szkaradnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2016

The linguistic turn has emphasized the linguistic aspect of history as a kind of a tale, unveiling its ideological foundations and rhetorical structure. This article’s aim is, however, to prove how seeing history as a collection of texts enables us to regain its subjective sense. The authoress considers the fears of historians’ manipulations as well as the validity of »the sense of history«’s question and shows that hermeneutics restores that validity in the epoch after metanarratives’ defeat. Referring to Ricoeur, Gadamer, Marquard, Vattimo and also a sociologist Jan Szczepański, this paper displays that we could be perceived as a product of history, but the interpretation of historical texts, sources and traditions, deepens our “being-in-the-world”. History appears to be the dialectics of being a product and creating, it relies on decision and obligation. Having understood, how the past mediated by texts – historical interpretations – influences our conduct, we could give it new senses.

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Czy przyjaźń etyczna nie jest przyjaźnią pozorną? – rozważania wokół drugiego rozdziału siódmej księgi Etyki eudemejskiej

Author(s): Maciej Smolak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2016

In The Eudemian Ethics 1237b6–7 Aristotle seems to suggest that if the ethical friend has an unpleasant odour, he is left by his friend. The article is devoted to demonstrating that the ethical friendship is not the apparent friendship. For this purpose author presents the characteristics of the true friend and distinguishes two types of the ethical friendship, the first between good men, i.e. men with a typical mixture of good and bad traits of character, the second between noble men, i.e. the best men who are heroes of intellect and character – intellect because prudent, character because noble. On this basis author shows three interpretations which neutralize controversial statement. According to the first interpretation – called “superhuman stink” – unpleasant odour is impossible to endure for the men, even good or noble. Therefore ethical friend must leave his friend in such circumstances. According to the second interpretation – called “one-dimensional courage” – ethical friend, who has an unpleasant odour is left by ethical friend, since one, who leaves can not endure stinking friend. The reason is that he has one-dimensional courage and apart from direct hostilities he does not cope with own weakness. According to the third interpretation – called “heroic solitude” – ethical friend, who has an unpleasant odour does not want to grieve his friend. Therefore decides to heroic solitude – heroic, since a human being is a civic being and one whose nature is to live with others – and leaves his friend.

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