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Letting be: Thoreau and Cavell on thinking after the bhagavatgita

Author(s): Branka Arsić / Language(s): English Issue: 07/2015

The essay starts from Cavell’s contention that what is sometimes called one’s “cultural identity” is never available to the one whose identity it is supposed to be, but is instead registered by those whose cultural identity it isn’t, and explores in particular Cavell’s propositions regarding how the mind can start revealing to itself what is opaque to it. The paradigmatic example of how the mind undoes itself to better access what is different from it is found in Thoreau’s practices at Walden. Analysis of Cavell’s reading of Thoreau leads me to propose that the work of undoing and leaving oneself – without which there is no substantive transformation – requires a certain joyous mourning over what is left behind.

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Is God Evil, Stupid, or just Counter-Factual

Author(s): Slavoj Žižek / Language(s): English Issue: 08/2015

This essay contains additional comments on my previous book, The Monstrosity of Christ (2011). Here, I am following the main didactic line according to which anyone who wants to fight for emancipation should not be afraid to examine all aspects of religious life. The current story fits perfectly the materialist procedure of the immanent self-undermining of a religious edifice – the claim that god is evil or stupid can be much more unsettling than the claim that there is no god since the first claim destroys the very notion of divinity. Christ demands of each of his followers that they become necrophagic fetishists; Christians who justify their ludicrous anti-Semitism by characterizing Jewish people as ‘Christ-killers’ should keep this in mind: the Jews may have killed God, but the Christians ate him.

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Понятието „възможност“ и новата метафизика на Джон Дън Скот – чрез „невъзможност“ към онтология

Author(s): Gergana Dineva / Language(s): Bulgarian,Latin Issue: 20/2014

The text will try to show that the concept of “possibility” by John Duns Scotus plays a major role in the new way in which metaphysics begins to be considered, namely its transformation from ontotheology to ontology. Scotus is focusing his argument of God’s existence on the cross point between logic, ontology and the limits of natural reason. The stress that the Doctor Subtilis puts on the boundary of natural human intellect becomes later a major philosophical problem, reconsidered by the Scotistic metaphysical tradition and later by the critical theory of Immanuel Kant. We aim to demonstrate, that the epistemological teaching of Scotus should not be reduced simply to logics, because it has “ontological implications”, that are allowing him to make metaphysical conclusions with the help of arguments, based only on natural reasoning. We examine the usage of the concepts possibility and necessity, the logical law of Scotus and his argument on existence of God and show, that the ontological implications within the logical argumentation of the Scottish master allow him to make metaphysical conclusions, which results into the shift between ontotheology to ontology, where the first known by the intellect is maintained to be the univocal concept of being qua being, that is marking the positive boundary of human natural intellect, where logic and ontology coincide and build the ground for metaphysics, understood as scientia transcendens.

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Foucault, Nancy, Agamben – The Crisis of the A Priori in the Era of Theoretical Anti-Humanism

Author(s): Wouter Goris / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2015

The present contribution discusses some determining patterns in contemporary continental philosophy as evidenced by the work of Jean-Luc Nancy and Giorgio Agamben, viz. theoretical antihumanism and the crisis of the a priori. It argues that the return of a post-humanist variant of the anthropological doubles in the work of Michel Foucault is no isolated phenomenon and that, hence, the historical a priori of modernity is less defined by transcendental subjectivity than by the series of doubles to which even the criticism of transcendental subjectivity still succumbs. Furthermore, this contribution argues that a crisis of the a priori presents itself in the post-humanist variant of the anthropological doubles. It makes clear that, according to Nancy and Agamben, (i.) there are transcendental structures that organize the empirical domain and to which one has access within this domain (the empirico-transcendental double), and that (ii.) access to the empirical domain itself is governed by the very transcendental structure to which the empirical domain opens (the crisis of the a priori).

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Tudom-e, hogy mi a tudat?

Author(s): Sándor András / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 05/2013

The original title of the essay consists of a play on words which is impossible to translate into English, built on the meanings of the Hungarian word for consciousness, i.e. “tudat”. Within his contribution, the author employs various etymological speculations, close readings of classical texts and original arguments in the original investigation of human consciousness. His dialogue partners are classic and contemporary authors, such as Daniel C. Dennett, Owen Flanagan, Sigmund Freud, William James, Bertrand Russell, and others. The author’s original reflections on their arguments effectively assume the form of a freestyle philosophical journal, almost written in a stream-of-consciousness style, which simultaneously exemplifies the intimate workings of human consciousness, also addressed at the theoretical level.

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Söylev, Ömer Faruk. “Türkiye’de Dini Danışma ve Rehberlik: Alanları, İmkanları ve Yöntemleri: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Örneği”. Doktora tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa 2014

Author(s): Ömer Faruk Söylev / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2016

In this study, religious counseling and guidance services in our country, applications, opportunities and methods were examined in terms of the psychology of religion. Including the theoretical framework and survey application, this study basically consists of two parts, the mental state of people under threat, religious services focuses on the issues of how to provide assistance.The theoretical part consists of two parts, the first conceptual framework of religious counseling and guidance, including approaches have been devised in pastoral psychology. Religious counseling and guidance classic religious knowledge transfer rather than religious knowledge transfer the therapeutic process or psychological help is about. Therefore, religious counseling and guidance in this section, within the framework of the relationship between psychological counseling and guidance, psychological and religious foundations are emphasized. The theoretical part in the second part, Turkey's religious guidance and counseling relationship is necessary fields, religious counseling and guidance relationships provide paths (opportunities) and problem solving that will help approaches, techniques and methods are discussed.A field study in the application part of the work of clergy religious counseling and guidance on how a pattern of relationships which have been examined. For this purpose, The Presidency of Religious Affairs Personnel providing religious counseling and guidance services, Personal Information Form, Innovative Attitude Scale, Religious Counseling and Guidance, and Maslach Burnout Inventory Attitude Scale was administered survey from. According to the findings obtained in the study, participated in the survey of religious officials of the differences in the degree of significance have been identified where relationship and interaction. At the end of the statistical analysis supported research has been observed that the majority of hypotheses predicted.

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Słuchając hałasu i ciszy. Ku filozofii sztuki dźwiękowej

Author(s): Salomé Voegelin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

In the fifth chapter of Listening to Noise and Silence Voegelin describes listening as an act of perceptive engagement with the world. Listeners always find themselves in an uncertain position, as they experience the work both from within and from without. A full and pure experience of the work, Voegele argues, requires rejecting all external disruptions and concentrating on the moment of perception, on being ‘in the work’. Such a listening allows the listener to become both the receptor of the work and its creator – both in the moment of listening and while encountering other receptors/creators. Voegelin’s approach is in a way ‘musicophobic,’ as it privileges the listener’s experience and consciousness of all aspects related to the production of sound art over the music and sound themselves.

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Kur’ān – epistemološka paradigma islama

Author(s): Rešid Hafizović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 65/2016

Qur’ān is the source of all knowledge in Islam (al-An‘ām, 38). It symbolises the living mind of Divine Omniscience. It is uncreated Word of God which is a symbol of the comprehensive precosmic Pen (kun!) by which God simulta¬neously inscribes into ‘pages’ of Universe (Qur’ān al-āfāq), pages of sacred History (Qur’ān al-anfās) and, finally, ‘pages’ of human soul and heart (Kitāb marqūm) existentially (kalima al-kawn) and sapientially (kalima al-wahy). The content of Divine Word is intended for a man as God’s crowning creature, as substance of divine Being (mukhtasar of Wujūd) and as comprehensive being (al-kawn al-jāmi‘) who alone knows how to read revealed text of the Book under whose image God has condensed plenitude of His own wisdom, revealed Himself in a form of Book as the sign of His most perfect and most mature Self-expression. On the traces of this Book’s content human life has became ‘book for God’ through which qur’anic metahistory is realised, embodied by infinite number of individual human fates. God has clothed qur’anic content in literal linguistic expression (‘ibāra) of perfect Arabic language, so that reader/ interpreter of Mushaf’s text could from ‘ibāra make ta‘bīr – ‘hermeneutical bridge’ to cross over to the other ‘bank’ of sacrolinguistic ‘river’ of Mushaf. In the vessel of Hidr’s ta’wīl on the waves of Mushaf’s ‘river’ sails the interpreter as homo viator (sālik), reaches the very heart of every single thing and puts the smile of immortality on the ‘face’ of every cognitive capacity within him.

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"auleta" und es bleibt alles beim Neuen! Zur Konstitution der polnischen Fachneologismen im Bereich der altgriechischen Musik.

Author(s): Grzegorz Pawłowski / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2015

Epistemic properties of a man constitute the base for change. So far little attention has been paid to those properties in semantics. Questions of epistemic factors, which influence the formation of specialised neologisms, have not been posed. The keynote of this article is the attempt to answer this question. To achieve this goal, I attempt to explain such expressions as ‚neo’, ‚epistemic’ and ‚specialised neologism’. Then I proceed with the presentation of the results of the analysis of an interview. The subject of the interview is the Polish neologism ‚auleta’, created by Maciej Kaziński during his work an the translation of John Landes’ Music in Ancient Greece and Rome.Epistemic properties of a man constitute the base for change. So far little attention has been paid to those properties in semantics. Questions of epistemic factors, which influence the formation of specialised neologisms, have not been posed. The keynote of this article is the attempt to answer this question. To achieve this goal, I attempt to explain such expressions as ‚neo’, ‚epistemic’ and ‚specialised neologism’. Then I proceed with the presentation of the results of the analysis of an interview. The subject of the interview is the Polish neologism ‚auleta’, created by Maciej Kaziński during his work an the translation of John Landes’ Music in Ancient Greece and Rome.

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Czy prawda powinna stanowić istotną wartość dla naukowców?

Author(s): Jacek Moroz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2015

Each kind of scientific activity needs engaging in some system of values. When the scientist constructs a new theory he must be aware, that at its base lies determined a concept of axiology. In my article I try to answer the question:should the truth be significant value for scientists? I think that answer on this question should be not obvious and depend on our philosophical and critical thinking.

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La philologie en tant que mathèse

Author(s): Leo Rafolt / Language(s): French Issue: 2-3/2016

Dans une des préfaces du livre La littérature européenne et le moyen âge latin, Ernst Robert Curtius écrira que son oeuvre ne s’appuie pas sur l’utilité scientifique, mais surgit « d’un effort attentif à préserver la culture occidentale. Elle tente d’éclairer l’unité temporelle et spatiale par de nouvelles méthodes. Dans le chaos spirituel de la contemporanéité il advint nécessaire, aussi possible, de faire une démonstration de cette unité. Mais cela ne peut se produire que d’une position universelle » (Ernst Robert Curtius, La Littérature européenne et le Moyen âge latin, Presses universitaires de France, 1967).

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ИДЕОЛОГИЯ ПОСЛЕ КОНЦА ИДЕОЛОГИИ: В ЛАБИРИНТАХ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО СОЗНАНИЯ

Author(s): V.V. Kornev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2014

The article covers criticism of the «ideology death» theories and studies various forms of ideological deception and self-deception and mechanisms of the fictitious escape from ideology. Abstract and mythologized ideas of the ideology functions are contrasted with several principles describing the actual analysis of the actual ideology. The dialectics of growth of ideology knowledge is developed from the principles of the general philosophical epistemology. The article also substantiates the idea of necessity of the “molecular analysis” of ideological structures in everyday life—in particular pieces of advertisement, cinema, everyday language and consciousness.

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РОЛЬ СУБЛИМАЦИИ В ПАРАЛЛАКСЕ МЕЖДУ СИМВОЛИЧЕСКИМ И НАУЧНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИМ ВИДАМИ МЫШЛЕНИЯ

Author(s): Aleksei Borisovich Lebedev,Kirill Nikolaevich Gedz / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The article aims to disclose actual historical and cultural value of the parallax method of thinking through the study of its sublimation nature. The authors show that the phenomenon of sublimation, which was described in its ontological aspect already by S. Freud, is also of fundamental epistemological value. In the course of historical development, sublimation processes pass from the unconscious form to the reflexive one. The latter is considered in the article through the examples of symbolic and scientific-and-historical types of thinking. The authors come to a conclusion that parallax thinking may serve as a way to preserve and reproduce the values of traditional societies in modern secularized conditions.

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OBJECTIVITY AND THE GREAT MAN THEORY IN HISTORIOGRAPHY

Author(s): Chukwuemeka Nnachi Oko-Otu,Chukwudi G. Chidume / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The debate on objectivity and the great Man’s theory in historical writing is of remote origin. Prominent historians and scholars have adumbrated different sides of this debate. The objectivity debate questions the historian’s ability to present an entirely unbiased interpretation of historical facts and historical events in epistemology. It assesses the extent to which the historian resolves the “insider problems” in the reconstruction of a past which he (the historian) is a part of and also the degree to which the historian is influenced by his environment in the interpretation of historical facts. Simply put, objectivity in history evaluates the extent to which the historian reconstructs the past. The great man’s theory on the other hand interrogates the selective focusing of history on the activities and exploits of great Men. It raises the question of a complete and comprehensive history of mankind. Carr’s emphasis on Ceaser’s crossing the Rubicon while many had crossed it before Ceaser buttresses the selectiveness of historical events and the great man’s theory. This paper examines the notions and dialectics of objectivity and the great man’s theory in historical writing and provides an explicatory critique on both concepts reflecting the views of modernist and postmodernist historians.

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Data Ontology, Data Science and the Datafication of the World

Author(s): Michael A. Peters / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This essay explores the profound philosophical, ethical, epistemological, and societal implications of data and datafication, a process transforming vast aspects of human life into quantifiable data. The paper raises foundational questions about the nature of data, its representation of reality, the biases inherent in data driven methods, and the broader impacts of datafication on society, governance, and individual identity.

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SCIENTISM AS A FUNDAMENTALIST WORLDVIEW: WITH A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ATHEIST FUNDAMENTALISM

Author(s): Jure Zovko,Mate Penava / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The paper deals with fundamentalism related to a scientist worldview and atheist fundamentalism as a corollary of a scientism. Although contradictory at first glance, the link between fundamentalism and scientism is revealed as something firm. The reason for this is the fact that scientism believes that science is the only and best answer to any question, a claim that is completely contrary to the nature of science itself. Similarly, atheist fundamentalists (Dawkins, Hitchens etc.) claim that any question related to God and religion can be resolved in the confines of science, which represents a clear misinterpretation of both science and religion. The link between scientism and fundamentalism is traced to the separation of science, understood as general inquiries about the world and all the beings in it, including ourselves, into hard and soft sciences or into natural sciences (or only science is some cultural backgrounds) and humanities. Contrary to this, the authors claim that it is impossible to come to a full understanding of the human being and the world around us without the joint effort of natural and human sciences.

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Žmogus būties žaisme: nuo juslėmis suvokiamo pasaulio iki žaidimo, kaip būties fenomeno

Author(s): ANDREJUS LARIONOVAS / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 121/2024

The article analyses the diffusion of being in the context of phenomenological philosophy. In modern philosophy, from the time of Descartes, man has found himself as an understanding of the world around him. Descartes tried to find an obvious starting point for thinking, while Heidegger tries to raise the question of being, claiming that it cannot be an object of knowledge. Being can only be thought. Man always understands being in some way, and it is on the basis of this initial understanding, according to Heidegger, that he can begin to investigate being. According to him, understanding is only possible in the world, through the world, understanding and the world being part of the very structure of here-being. Modern phenomenology increasingly emphasises the study of the relationship to the other, in which the relationship to oneself and to the world is revealed. Maurice Merleau-Ponty proposes to abandon the traditional separation of subject and object, emphasising not the separation of one subject from another, but their intertwining. Vincas Vyčinas is concerned with how to restore the rich language of mythical thinking in the contemporary decaying and technical language of the world, which becomes only a means of information transmission, so he moves to the ontological concept of the truth of being, and from there to the human game, which opens the supersubjectivity of the cosmic game.

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Politinio mąstymo metmenys Immanuelio Kanto kritinėje filosofijoje

Author(s): Lukas Ivanauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 3 (115)/2024

Immanuel Kant’s critical philosophy revolutionised thinking and left unanswered the question of how politics as philosophy and science is possible. Hannah Arendt was right to associate politics with the reflective power of decision, but she left unanswered the questions of what conception of politics is implied by Kant’s critical system and what are the limits of political philosophy and political science. The paper argues that politics is an aesthetic idea and therefore has no objectively universal definition and remains necessarily open to interpretation by various epistemic and political communities. Aesthetic ideas also substantiate the possibility of political science as symbolic cognition and reformulate the challenge of political philosophy to confine politics solely within the judgment.

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IDEOLOGICAL PRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE IN LATE AND POST-SOVIET SOCIOLOGICAL DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO ACADEMIES

Author(s): Ivan Kislenko / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Soviet sociology and the system of doctoral education as a whole were heavily permeated by ideology. During perestroika, a course toward general liberalization and glasnost was taken. In 1988 sociology was officially included in the list of scientific specializations of the Higher Attestation Commission (HAC) as an independent discipline. Nevertheless, there were several ideological practices that needed to be formally included in dissertations such as references to Marxism-Leninism, historical materialism, or even critiques of Western theories. This article focuses on such practices by analyzing summaries of 152 doctoral dissertations defended in 1988–1998. The summaries are divided into two groups: (a) 99 summaries of late Soviet doctoral dissertations in philosophy and sociology defended at the Academy of Social Sciences (AoSS) and the Institute of Sociology (IS) in the USSR’s final years (1988–1991); and (b) 53 summaries of post-Soviet dissertations in sociology defended at the same institutions in 1992–1998, after their restructuring. A comparative analysis allows us to highlight the presence of ideological practices in Soviet academic writing and their consequent influence on postSoviet dissertations based on the work done in two scientific organizations: IS as supposedly more liberal and AoSS as more conservative. The study is based on quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods as well as on the comparison of objective and subjective ideological practices in dissertation summaries of the two institutions.

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Znanje – človeški kapital in družbena vrednota

Author(s): Lucija Čok / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2021

On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the independent state of Slovenia it makes sense to look back on the road travelled, the development of social groups during this time and within this also of individuals. During the process of Slovenia’s establishment in European contexts the levels of knowledge, abilities and skills of its experts were the aspect that most strongly defined its status, role and importance. This article briefly summarises the reactions of Slovenian universities to the new challenges of harmonisation and the pitfalls of integration, as well as to the state of affairs at home; what could make them special and better than comparable universities in Europe, how well established Slovenian research excellence is and what an effective research and higher education policy should be for Slovenia to be able to keep up with the quality of research and higher education in the developed European environments.

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