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O oryginalności polskiego działu słownika Lodereckera z 1605 roku

Author(s): Anna Grzeszak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Peter Loderecker’s „Dictionarium”, published in Prague in 1605, is one of the first dozen printed dictionaries containing Polish vocabulary items. Nevertheless, it has been scarcely studied. One of the scholars dealing with Loderecker’s work claims that the Polish section coincides with the lexical material of Jan Mączyński’s „Lexicon Latino-Polonicum” (1564). The poster deals with the question of possible sources of Loderecker’s „Dictionarium”.

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Terminologia „motylowa” w „motylniczych” dziełach naukowych XIX wieku

Author(s): Urszula Sokólska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Increased interests of 19th century scientists in entomological names resulted from considerable terminological confusion in the field. Attempts at systematizing the existing terms and introducing new ones, more adequately reflecting the features of specific butterflies, were made, among others, by Teofil Żebrawski in his monograph „Owady łuskoskrzydłe czyli motylowate z okolic Krakowa” and Maksymilian Siła Nowicki in two works considered as fundamental by his contemporaries: „Projekt polskiéj nomenklatury motylów krajowych” and „Motyle Galicyi”. This article provides an overview of the “butterly terminology” proposed in these works.

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Archaizmy leksykalne współczesnej polszczyzny grodzieńskiej (socjolektu szlacheckiego)

Author(s): Katarzyna Konczewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the lexical archaisms selected from material collected of the linguistic research carried out at the very Grodno region in 2015, the areas of concentration of the Polish nobility from the area of the Indura city (“szlachta zaindurska”). These tokens non-users in modern literary Polish language, including dialects unmarked in dictionaries, which testifies to the uniqueness of the dialects. Some tokens are not marked in any historical source language.

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Diachroniczny aspekt badań regionalnych

Author(s): Halina Pelcowa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text discusses the diachronic aspect of regional studies placed at the boundary between the history of language and dialectology. The author presents how the two fields interact and intermingle, which is particularly visible in the context of the regional past as well as the linguistic and cultural specificity of regions. Applying the methods of diachronic linguistics to dialectology and using dialectology in the studies on the history of the language enables to create a multifaceted picture of linguistic phenomena and explain their cultural contexts.

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O nowej syntezie rozwoju polszczyzny na Śląsku

Author(s): Bogusław Wyderka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The progress of historical research, new interpretation of socio-political events and cultural changes form new premises dissertating for the necessity of creating a new synthesis of the history of the Polish language in Silesia. Thus far noted compendia do not clarify the historical background of the modern linguistic changes taking place in contemporary Silesia. In the article, the author presented the basic methodological assumptions of the proponed synthesis. Description of the issues should focus on two axes. The first one is the evolution of the normalized polish language that is settled in official usage and Silesian writing. This variation is characterized by canon import, system and stylistic archaisms and the development’s irregularity. The latter axis of the description focuses on the issue of the evolution of Silesian dialects in the systematic and functional aspect. The Silesian polish language developed under specific conditions – domination of two languages: Czech and German in particular. Therefore the matters connected with the linguistic policy of the countries, which boarders were Silesian, as well as with the formation of linguistic awareness of Silesians and linguistic changes being the result of postwar immigration will be discussed. The implied range of the description taking into consideration Silesian multiculturalism demand a specified methodological approach. The author formulates some rules that enable to meet those demands. Moreover, he discusses some specific issues such as the cognitive and material values of the studies published in recent years, issues connected with periodization of the historical events, and the canon of sources. The synthesis will be closed by the discussion of the discourse about the Silesian language status that last since the 1990s.

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O relacji mistrz – uczeń w kształceniu historycznojęzykowym

Author(s): Barbara Mitrenga / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is a reflection on historical-linguistic education in didactics of Polish language in Poland. On the one hand the author was inspired to take up this theme by headword of Congress of Historical Linguists, ie. „Historical Linguistics – Protecting the Future, Respecting the Past” (Katowice, 13–15 April 2016). On the other hand an inspiration of this elaboration was a book „Signs of memory” edited by Maciej Grochowski and Zofia Zaron dedicated to the great Polish linguists of the second half of the twentieth century. The author shares her insights on historical-linguistic education at the academic level, noting the need to strengthen master – student relationship. In addition she discusses the method of tutoring which is based on individual cooperation between master (tutor) and his/her student. Moreover she indicates a few possibilities of using this method in historical-linguistic education with students.

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„Na tropach przeszłości języka” – czy gramatyka historyczna może być interesująca dla podejmujących studia polonistyczne?

Author(s): Ewa Oronowicz-Kida,Agnieszka Myszka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Ewa Oronowicz-Kida and Agnieszka Myszka try to answer a question whether knowledge about the history of language may be interesting for former grammar school pupils. The authors analyse the position of historical and language issues in the national curriculum at all levels of school education and use a questionnaire to check knowledge of former secondary school pupils in this respect. An analysis of questionnaires leads us to conclusion that recent secondary school graduates know selected issues from the history of language, but they lack any knowledge about historical grammar. However, young people see in contemporary Polish language certain phenomena resulting from development of language that they would like to have explained. The authors are of the opinion that, at the level of university education, you cannot resign from relaying at least basic knowledge about mechanisms of language development, however, it should be done in close connection with an analysis of literature and culture.

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Nowy wybór tekstów do historii języka w dydaktyce uniwersyteckiej

Author(s): Ewa Woźniak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Two volume set of „Selected Essays on the History of Polish Language” edited by Marek Cybulski was published by the University of Łódź Publishing House in 2015. This edition compiles texts ranging from the oldest ones such as „Bulla gnieźnieńska” („Bull of Gniezno”) to those from the first decades of the 21st century. They are presented in the chronological order and arranged in such a way that one can easily compare them according to the theme, style and literary genre. The article presents the possibilities of using this edition in university teachings, for example by showing the formation of genres (e.g. advertising) or by exposing influence of pragmatic factors on linguistic layer of the text.

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„Polski słownik etymologiczny” Profesora Witolda Mańczaka

Author(s): Leszek Bednarczuk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In his academic work, Professor Witold Mańczak (1924–2012) explored thoroughly the questions of general and comparative linguistics of Indo-European, particularly Romance and Slavic, languages; especially the irregular phonetic development caused by frequency. He applied this concept to the Polish etymology, which bore fruit in a form of „Polish Etymological Dictionary” (in Polish; Kraków 2017, 238 pp. + CD-ROM). This dictionary’s major advantage is the fact that exact counterparts (instead of pre-language reconstructions established in accordance with laryngeal theory) in selected Slavic and Indo-European languages are provided therein, coupled with borrowings from Western European languages; the latter being indirect sources for words of exotic languages entering Polish. As an illustration of this approach may serve the following entries: bagnet, bóg, brat, bruk, car, chata, donica, dziś, gołąb, hrabia, jeden, jestem, każdy, kiełbasa, księga, mierzeja, olbrzym, włoszczyzna.

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Divan Şiirinde Göç Eksenli Söyleyiş Kalıpları

Author(s): İlyas Yazar / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Göç kavramı sözlükte ekonomik, toplumsal ya da siyasi sebeplerle bireylerin veya toplulukların bir ülkeden başka bir ülkeye, bir yerleşim yerinden başka bir yerleşim yerine gitme işi anlamıyla tanımlanmakla birlikte aynı zamanda zengin söz varlığımız arasında sefer, hicret ve muhaceret sözcükleriyle de eş anlamlı kullanılmaktadır (TDK, 2017). Göçle ilgili söz dağarcığımız içinde göç, göçebe, göçer, göçmen, göçmenlik gibi türetmeler yoluyla elde edilen kullanımlar yanında, iç göç, beyin göçü, kültür göçü, ruh göçü, göç etmek gibi birleşik yapı ve deyimlerle birlikte diyar, gurbet, hicret, rıhlet, sefer, yol ve yolculuk gibi göçle ilgili çağrışım alanı oluşturan kavramların varlığı, göçle ilgili söyleyiş kalıplarının söz varlığımız arasındaki kapsamını göstermektedir.

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Türkçe, Yunanca, Farsça ve Ermenice Dillerinde Masallar Bağlamında Dil Göçü

Author(s): Serli Seta Nişanyan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Toplumsal olgular ve yaşanmışlıklar, toplumsal psikolojiyi derinden etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle, yapılan araştırmalarda görülmektedir ki; en eski edebi türlerden biri olan masallar, toplumsal hafızanın yeni nesillere aktarılma yollarından en güçlü olanıdır. Bu çalışmada, dinamik olan ve sürekli etkileşime maruz kalan masalların, göç ile ilişkilendirilerek edebiyattaki etkisi irdelenmektedir. Böylelikle, masalların dil ve yaşanmışlıklar açısından gösterdikleri farklılık önemsenmekte, kıyaslanmakta ve dilin, göç ile birlikte nasıl evrim geçirdiği ve fiziksel olarak yaşanan göç esnasında aslında dil göçünün de yaşandığını göstermek amaçlanmaktadır.

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“Minör Sinema” Olarak “Duvara Karşı”

Author(s): Süleyman Kıvanç Türkgeldi / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Deleuze ve Guattari, Franz Kafka üzerine yaptıkları incelemede “minör edebiyat nedir?” sorusuna “minör edebiyat, minör bir dilin edebiyatı değil, daha ziyade bir azınlığın majör dilde yaptığı edebiyattır; ama temel özelliği, dilin güçlü yersizyurtsuzlaşma katsayısından her koşulda etkilenmiş olmasıdır”(2015: 45) şeklinde cevap verir. Majör sözcüğü köken olarak büyük, temel ve önemli gibi anlamlara gelirken, minör sözcüğünün küçük olan gibi anlamlara geldiğini söyleyebiliriz (Nişanyan: 2016). Bu noktada felsefi açıdan bakıldığında minör kavramının neden önemli olduğunu postmodern düşünce bağlamında görmek önem arz eder. Batı düşüncesinin 20. Yüzyıla kadar genel anlamda bir “aşkınsallık” temelinde şekillendiğini söyleyebiliyoruz.

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Language Trouble within Ethnic Households: “Never Speak Their Mother Tongue Near Children!”

Author(s): Yaprak Civelek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In ethnic households, concern for children is the leading factor pushing parents to speak the official language to ensure their children’s success in public schools, especially with the thought, “we never wish them to go through what we went through in the past.” In the official discourses, Turkishness has been superior over other ethnic identities since the 1920s: the language rights of the Jewish, Greeks, and Armenians living in Turkey have been guaranteed by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne; however, the government recognizes only these three non-Muslim groups as minorities. Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanunu (the Law of Unification of Education) implemented in March 1924 is also part of the strategy for achieving national unity and integrity by Turkifying all ethnic groups in Anatolia. In 1934, İskân Kanunu (The Settlement Law) was supposedly passed to address new arrangements for migration and population issues; however, these “arrangements” were obviously reflecting a monolingualistic approach, and the Law directly targeted assimilating the Kurds and their language (Beşikçi, 1991).

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Interregional Migration and Language Shift Among Turkey’s Ethnic Kurds

Author(s): Yaprak Civelek,Ibrahim Sirkeci,Sinan Zeyneloğlu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Analysing population patterns and behaviour of ethnic groups in Turkey is a challenge due to paucity of reliable data drawn upon representative samples as well as overall very sensitive political context. However, the ethnic differences in Turkey’s demography are significant as in many other multi-ethnic countries. Due to rapid urbanisation and violent ethnic conflict in the second half of the 20th century, Turkey has seen a major geographic shift of population which has also resulted in changes in ethnic mix of populations across regions. In this study, we aimed at mapping out these shifts. Nevertheless, finding the appropriate proxy to measure ethnic patterns is difficult as there has been no census or major survey data detailing language use published since the 1965 Turkish census while ethnic identity, as such, has been never been openly asked for in any census or major survey. Historically, mother tongue in surveys and censuses have been used as a proxy of ethnicity. However, we have first analysed a relatively recent survey data to raise concerns about the use of language as ethnic marker. Hence, we opted to utilise second language use as well as parental language besides birth-region as ethnic markers instead of mother tongue/main language as over the years Turkish has become the most commonly used language among the Kurds in Turkey.

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Türk ve Japon Atasözlerinde Hayvan Metaforları

Author(s): Zeynep Gençer / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Atasözleri, deyim ve deyişler bir ulusun dünya görüşünü, yaşam tarzını ve değerlerini nesilden nesile aktaran, onları ait olduğu kültürün kalıcı kavramları yapan en önemli dil araçlarından biridir. Söz konusu bu söz öbeklerinde, dolaylı bir anlatım tarzı hakim olup, genellikle benzetme, kişileştirme, metafor gibi anlatıma zenginlik katan bir söz sanatı olduğu düşüncesi yaygındır. Ancak bu klasik görüşün tersine metafor sadece süslü bir anlatım değil, dilin ve düşüncenin vaz geçilmez bir ürünüdür. Lakoff ve Johnson (2015), fiziksel, sosyal ve kültürel deneyimler sonucu ortaya çıkan metaforların, kültürden kültüre çeşitlilik gösterebildiğinden bahsetmekte ve metaforları yönelmeli ve ontolojik metaforlar olarak ikiye ayırmaktadırlar. Ontolojik metaforlar, aynı dili konuşanlar arasında soyut kavramları veya durumları somutlaştırmaya ve anlatımı kolaylaştırmaya yararlar. Ancak, farklı anadil konuşurlarında bazı durumlarda somutlaştırma ve kolaylaştırma çabasının anlam bulanıklığına sebep verdiği gözlemlenmektedir. Bu durumun sebebi ise, aynı kavramın farklı kültürlerde farklı çağrışımlar uyandırması olarak düşünülmektedir.

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Göçmenlerin Almanca Yabancı Dil Ders Kitaplarında Uluslara göre Ele Alınış Biçimleri ve Sıklık Oranları

Author(s): Cihan Aydoğu,Gönül Karasu / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

1950’li yıllarda ve öncesinde henüz resmileşmeyen göçler gerçekleşirken 30 Ekim 1961 yılında Bad Godesberg’de Almanya ve Türkiye arasında gerçekleşen iş gücü göçü antlaşması ile göçler resmi bir boyut kazanmıştır. Avusturya ise Türkiye ile İşgücü Göçü Tedarik Anlaşmasını 1964’de imzalamıştır. Gelen işgücü ilk yıllarda ve takip eden yıllarda Avusturya’da öncelikle inşaat sektöründe, bunu takiben montaj sanayi ve tekstil sektöründe istihdam edilmiştir (Soytürk, 2012, s.2319-2320). Almanya ise gelen işgücünü “imalat, madencilik, inşaat ve hizmet” (Dağhan, 2012, s.55) sektöründe değerlendirmiştir. İlerleyen zaman içerisinde ilk göç edenlerin ikinci kuşağını oluşturan çocukları, dayatılan işlerin yerine artık kendi tercihlerini yapmak istiyorlardı. Dolayısıyla “Gastarbeiter” kavramı 1970’lerde tartışma konusu olmaya başlamıştı. “Ausländische Mitbürger” kavramı 1080’lerde ortaya atılmışsa da bugün artık “Arbeitsmigranten”, “Migranten” ve “Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund” kavramlarını görmekteyiz. “Arbeitsmigranten” az gelişmiş ülkelerden sanayi ağırlıklı şehirlerde işçi olarak çalışan kesime karşılık gelirken, “Migranten” Almanya’da doğmuş ve sınırsız oturma hakkı olan ikinci kuşağa karşılık gelmektedir.

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Onimiczne imponderabilia. Kilka uwag o ekwiwalentach nazw własnych we współczesnej prozie polskiej

Author(s): Magdalena Graf / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The presented article is devoted to the problem of identification of terms other than typical proper names. The author discusses the current state of research on the category of individual descriptors and terms considered to be equivalents of proper names, recalling both onomastic theories and research of scholars from other disciplines. The issues addressed include the formal appearance of these terms, their importance in the identification process and the textual function. The exemplification of theoretical assumptions and author’s own interpretative claims consists in the quasi-names derived from contemporary texts, among others those by I. Karpowicz and J. Sosnowski.

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Biografie (nie)normatywne? Czyli o tym, co można ułożyć z biograficznych puzzli w internecie

Author(s): Beata Duda,Ewa Ficek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The authors give careful thought to selected digital “memorial sites” dedicated to distinguished creators of culture, literature and art (and collected under the banner of the KARTA Centre Foundation), such as Witold Lutosławski, Józef Gosławski, Agnieszka Osiecka, Wisława Szymborska, Pola Negri, Jerzy Grzegorzewski or Zofia Rydet. The overview of the collected material has assumed a search for (non)normative biographies, i.e. multi-modal, “patchwork,” “moving” biographies, as well as a confrontation of the observed patterns with well-established modes in biographical writing. What is more, the authors noted the liminal, borderline characteristics of the approaches, styles, genres etc. used today for various discursive practices that evoke or shape the images of the past. The conducted analyses, which have inscribed themselves into the stream of reflections on the phenomenon of the social archive and which are discursively and genologically oriented (cf. the assumptions and research methods of memory linguistics referred to in the text), have provided answers to, among others, the following specific questions: who the social actors reflected in the mirror of biographical archives (i.e. the creators and recipients of archives) are and what are their motivations; which people (and why these particular ones) are commemorated there, as well as through the prism of which objects a person’s profile is built.

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Dyskursy posthumanizmu w powieści Tomasza Matkowskiego „I Bóg stworzył delfina, czyli potrawka z człowieków”

Author(s): Dorota Hamerlok / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Scholars in various fields of science are increasingly asking themselves the question of subjectivity in the modern world. Similarly, the subject remains a topic of discourse in art. This article constitutes an attempt to analyze the discourse of posthumanism in Tomasz Matkowski’s novel And God Created a Dolphin, or: a Human Dish. The proposed reflections also attempt to answer the question of how the discourses of posthumanism can be realized in literary texts on different textual levels and areas of communication.

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Le rôle du traducteur dans l'esthétique de la réception. Sauvetage de l’étrangeté et / ou consentement à la perte

Author(s): Georgiana Lungu-Badea / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The author's primary aim in this article is to evoke Jauss’ aesthetics of reception in order to (re)situate the translator in what she calls the aesthetics of translation reception adjusted by the translator. To this purpose, Georgiana Lungu-Badea tries to distinguish direct reception (of the receptor-translator and the source-reader) from “indirect” reception (of the target-reader). From the perspective of various dichotomies, three- and four-parts classifications, the author identifies four types of entropic agreements – determined, more or less, by linguistic hospitality or by the desire to translate. These agreements inevitably influence the aesthetics (of betrayal/fidelity) of the translated work. In order to illustrate the essential role played by the translator in the process of reception, the aesthetic differences are illustrated by mentioning a number of Romanian translations.

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