A keresztnévdivat változása Szlovákiában

Author(s): Ján Bauko / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2017

Following­ the­ 1989­ change­ of­ regime,­ there­ were­ more­ factors­ that­ influenced­ the forename­ giving­ in­ Slovakia.­ After­ opening­ the­ state­ borders­ the­ rise­ of­ migration, both­ emigration­ and­ immigration­ has­ resulted­ in­ a­ dynamic­ change­ of­ given­ name stock­ that­ has­ mainly­ broadened­ by­ foreign­ language­ name­ elements.­ While before­ the­ change­ of­ regime,­ the­ loadedness­ of­ a­ name­ was­ bigger,­ strivings towards­ having­ more­ unique­ and­ rare­ names­ registered­ have­ been­ more­ powerful nowadays.­ Due­ to­ interethnic­ relationships­ the­ name­ stock­ is­ being­ enriched­ by given­ names­ of­ various­ foreign­ origins.­ There­ are­ also­ generational­ differences­ in name­ bearing:­ the­ younger­ generation­ uses­ many­ of­ those­ given­ names­ that­ are absent­ from­ the­ older­ generation’s­ name­ stock.­ The­ number­ of­ the­ registered given­ name­ variants­ is­ increasing;­ the­ foreign­ spelled­ names­ are­ also­ frequent. Movie­ and­ TV series­ characters­ often­ serve­ as­ inspiration­ for­ naming.­ More­ and more­ nicknames­ become­ registerable­ given­ names.­ Giving­ two­ forenames­ has become­ a­ new­ fashion­ in­ Slovakia­ in­ recent­ years.­ The­ members­ of­ minorities have­ a­ wider­ choice­ of­ names­ since­ they­ might­ choose­ from­ the­ minority­ as­ well as­ majority­ name­ stock.­ Among­ the­ members­ of­ the­ minorities,­ the­ name registration­ in­ mother­ tongue­ is­ increasing. Minority­ name­ planning­ is­ one­ of­ the­ fields­ of­ applied­ onomastics,­ the­ tasks­ of which­ include­ propagation­ of­ the­ mother­ tongue­ name­ usage.­ The­ minority­ name planning­ deals­ primarily­ with­ the­ official­ use­ of­ personal,­ geographical­ and institution­ names.­ Publishing­ a­ Hungarian–Slovak­ forename­ dictionary­ (under preparation­ by­ me)­ may­be­ one­ of­ the­ methods­ for­ the­ minority­ (mother­ tongue) name­ planning­ in­ Slovakia,­ which­ could­ serve­ as­ a­ guideline­ for­ mother­ tongue name­ planning,­ for­ registering­ the­ personal­ names­ of­ Hungarians­ living­ in Slovakia­ in­ their­ mother­ tongue.­ The­ study­ deals­ with­ the­ laws­ of­ the­ Slovak Republic­ concerning­ personal­ names,­ the­ name­ registers­ and­ name­ catalogues­ in Slovakia­ and­ Hungary­ used­ at­ registering,­ the­ importance­ of­ name­ planning­ as well­ as­ the­ features­ of­ the­ planned­ forename­ dictionary­ and­ the­ structures­ of­ its entries.

A Khitan Word for 'marmot'

Author(s): András Róna-Tas / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2004

The article is dealing with the Khitan word pili and suggests its Tibetan origin.

A középiskolai latintanítás helyzete Magyarországon 1995 és 2008 között

Author(s): Eniko Gesztesi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2009

The author reports the situation of Latin teaching at secondary schools between 1995 and 2008. The statistics of this period show some decline in all fields of the instruction: the number of the Latin teachers and students learning Latin and sitting for the final exam on this subject is decreasing. There are fewer entrants to the national competitions as well. The essay describes the human cultural subjects and the schoolbooks, and it represents the candidates to the universities may score points according to their Latin studies and final exams only at the faculty of arts. The conclusion of the essay: the part of the Latin is diminishing at secondary schools in Hungary, and a wide professional collaboration is needed to stop this tendency.

A kultúrák és nyelvek szétesése

Author(s): Géza Balázs / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 10/2015

The author offers an analysis of the phenomenon of language shift in connection with the disintegration of cultures in a diaspora situation. The process of the disintegration of languages is a historically well-known phenomenon, and the experiences of the past concerning extinct languages help us describe and understand the ongoing processes.

A Lexical Trip with English – From Celtic Languages to Old English

Author(s): Iulia Cristina Frînculescu,Oana Badea / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2015

A contemporary lingua franca, English is a language that in the past fought valiantly for survival on several occasions. This study traces the beginnings of English, highlighting some of the major threats it faced in its early history, as well as the turning points in the adventure towards its establishment as a language. This is mainly a lexical trip, though some reference is made to other language levels as well.

A linguistic analysis of sexist statements by Janusz Korwin-Mikke

Author(s): Kamila Kuros / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2011

In the following paper the author has performed a linguistic analysis of several chosen sexist remarks by Janusz Korwin-Mikke in order to prove how stereotypically women are regarded by the famous politician. This conservative man treats stereotypes as a proof of good order and fights to prevent women from trying to change what for thousands of years has given the general order and happiness for male sex and, in his opinion, for female sex. Significant for the author’s paper has been the importance of antifeminist’s texts within pragmatic and semantic aspect. The paper has concentrated on solely the linguistic aspect - in detail there have been discussed among other things: aphorisms and neologisms which are used by the controversial politician. In the paper the author has tried to prove that J. Korwin- Mikke’s language provokes and insults the opposite sex.

A Logical Approach to Modal Verbs 1. Can and Could

Author(s): Attila Imre / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The article aims at a logical approach to discussing can, could, and be able to, organized around core meanings such as possibility, ability, and permission. We argue that the concept of “remoteness” proposed by Lewis in 1986 may simplify enough the explanation regarding the relationship between can and could, and their presentation relies on authoritative sources published for international (English), Hungarian, and Romanian students. The conclusion discusses both the importance and relativity of a number of occurrences (depending on different text types), trying to offer a possible teaching option for modals stemming from practice. The article is connected to the international conference in Miercurea Ciuc, entitled Idegen – Străinul – Stranger, focusing on English as a foreign language through the eyes of non-native speakers.

A Logical Approach to Modal Verbs 3. “Must”

Author(s): Attila Imre / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

The article aims at a logical approach to discussing must, organized around the core meaning of necessity, split into epistemic (logical necessity) and deontic necessity (obligation). After discussing must as a central modal auxiliary, we present various meanings of must, relying on authoritative sources published for international (English), Hungarian, and Romanian students. Possible issues of teaching must are also dealt with, supported by data from a popular TV series containing modal verbs. The conclusion discusses the importance and relativity of a number of occurrences, trying to offer a possible teaching option for modals stemming from practice.

A LOOK INTO SYMBOLISM IN LITERATURE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF “VANITY FAIR” BY WILLIAM THACKERAY

Author(s): Yana Manova-Georgieva / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Proper names in literature serve not only as naming means, but also as a tool for completing and nuancing of the characters of literary images. Therefore, the hereby presented study of William Thackeray’s „Vanity Fair“ is an attempt to delve into the meaning of proper names and their symbolism where it is present, as well as its translation equivalent in Bulgarian. Proper names in both English and Bulgarian are seen as symbols and their concealed meaning is to be revealed by means of analysis of immediate context, together with the lexical meaning of the names of the characters in the novel. Conclusions are drawn as to what extent meaning of names is important in creating literary images and characterizing them and what actually is translated in literature in order to preserve the nominal idea of the author.

A Lost Byzantine Chronicle in Slavic Translation

Author(s): Anna-Maria Totomanova / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2011

Until recently the so-called Slavic version of the Chronicle of George Synkellos has not been paid proper attention. The attribution of Vasilij Istrin who in the beginning of the 20th c. identified the Slavic text as a translation from an abridged redaction of the Byzantine chronicle, was thoroughly accepted by the Slavic studies researchers. As a result, no great importance was attached to the Slavic text preserved in 5 copies from 15-16 cc. (of which Istrin knew only 4) because of the closed tradition of the copies and their relatively late date. My research linked to the publication of this unedited Slavic chronicle led me to the conclusion that the text referred to as the Slavic version of Synkellos by both Istrin and his successors is not a translation of the Greek Synkellos but rather a chronographic compilation. It was demonstrated that the first part of the compilation narrating the years from the Creation up to the Resurrection of Christ represents a vast excerpt from the Julius Africanus’s Christian chronography and only the second part covering the years after the Resurrection up to the foundation of Constantinople contains the respective text of Synkellos plus a couple of pages from the Chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor that was not translated in OCS. Both the discovery of a non fragmented text of Africanus and the conclusion that the Slavic translation was done during the 1st Bulgarian Kingdom in 10th c. raise a series of problems my contribution touches upon.

A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO TECHNICAL TRANSLATION

Author(s): Raluca Ghentulescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2012

This article presents the results of my research in the field of Technical-Scientific Translations and offers some suggestions to those who teach specialized translations at an academic level. My perspective on this subject is based on my own experience in working with the future specialized translators and interpreters from the Specialization of Translation and Interpretation within the Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest. The main aim of this paper is to share with my colleagues and my students the new methods of teaching specialized translations, which I have implemented at my lectures and seminars, in an attempt to turn an apparently tedious school subject into an attractive and useful activity.

A miks sa torusse ei räägi? Miks-küsilausetega tehtavad suhtlustegevused argitelefonivestlustes

Author(s): Kirsi Laanesoo / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 13/2017

This paper analyses interrogatives formed with the why pronoun in Estonian everyday telephone conversations. Why-interrogatives are regularly defined as questions asking for reasons for or accounts of actions. This paper, however, demonstrates that only a small fraction of why-interrogatives are actually used for questioning. The data come from the Corpus of Spoken Estonian of the University of Tartu. Altogether 41 why-interrogatives were analysed using the approach of interactional linguistics. The primary social actions conducted by why-interrogatives are the following: question, reproach, command, suggestion, complaint and challenge.The study reveals that why-interrogatives are multifunctional, used to carry out several social actions concurrently. The question form makes it possible for the recipients to interpret why-interrogatives as questions (by giving a neutral answer) or as some socially dispreferred actions, such as reproaches, challenges etc (by justifying themselves). Why-interrogatives demonstrate the speaker’s negative stance towards a preceding action.

A MYSTERIOUS ANIMAL CALLED AL-WARK

Author(s): Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

The paper examines the mysterious term al-wark, which – according to Maḥmūd of Kāşğarī (11th century AD) – denotes a small animal similar to a badger (Turk. borsmuk) in the Xakani language. This animal was treated as a symbol of fatness. It is suggested that the term in question was borrowed from a Tocharian source. The Indo-European term *wṛḱos (m.) ‘badger’ (originally ‘fat animal’, cf. Hittite warkant- adj. ‘fat’) is reconstructed on the basis of Indic, Greek and Anatolian lexical data.

A NARRATÍVÁK SZEREPE A NYELVOKTATÁSBAN

Author(s): Imola Katalin Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

The topic of this paper is the role of the narratives in the teaching of foreign languages. From this point of view the concept of narrative refers mainly to texts and the work with different types of texts during language classes. After the presentation of the theoretical background of the topic, several types of texts are presented with emphasis on the practical aspects of their use in the teaching process. The main focus of the paper is the presentation of a set of exercise types, with reference to the key features of each type, to the language games which are used to reinforce certain grammar points or to practice certain structures, using texts, fragments of longer or shorter narratives.

A National “Struggle for Survival”? – The Badeni Crisis of 1897 in Cisleithania’s German-language Press

Author(s): Victor Jaeschke / Language(s): English / Issue: 49/2017

This article observes the role of Cisleithania’s (i.e. the Austrian “half” of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy) German language press in the so-called Badeni Crisis of 1897 which was triggered by the issuance of two language ordinances designed to make Czech, together with German, an equally valid language in the inner administration of the Crownlands of Bohemia and Moravia. By comparing the reporting style of two newspapers from different regions – the Viennese newspaper Neue Freie Presse and the Bohemian newspaper Prager Tagblatt–this essay explores how interpretations of this serious political crisis differed in the periphery and the centre of the Habsburg empire. The author shows that, even though the Badeni Crisis directly affected mainly German-speaking Bohemians, the reporting style of the Prager Tagblatt was less sensationalist and its choice of words less nationalistic and militaristic than the coverage of the same events by its Viennese counterpart, the Neue Freie Press. In a second step, reasons for this surprising discrepancy are traced.

A népszámlálásokban megjelenő nyelvi kategóriák: vissza- vagy előretekintés?

Author(s): Dominique Arel / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2015

A New General Atlas of Hungarian Dialects is Forthcoming

Author(s): Jeno Kiss / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2010

The author presents the New General Atlas of Hungarian Dialects which is in progress. We get a short review about the necessity of a new general dialect atlas in Hungary. The main reason is the radical decrease of dialect words which was effected by the end of the traditional agricultural way of life. The other reason is that the data of the first general Hungarian Dialect Atlas was collected between 1949 and 1964. The author presents the aspects of the research and the content of the questionnaires; the character und the number of the lexical, morphological, syntactical, and sociolinguistic questions; and the sociolinguistic aspects of the informant selection. The collection was started in 2007 and will be finished in 2011.

A New Perspective For The Integration Of Skills To Reading

Author(s): Meltem Huri Baturay,Nurgun Akar / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 136/2007

A striking debate has arisen shortly on the discrimination of teaching language skills discretely or teaching them co-operatively. Integration of the skills are The concern of this study is to identify and exhibit the differences between teaching reading in a discrete skill program, in which reading is taught separately and traditionally, and in an integrated skills program, in which reading is taught in an integrated manner. Differing from the previous studies on the same topic in the field, integration has been assessed from different perspectives, which has given rise to a new categorization of skills: grammatical integration, functional integration, and thematic integration. A few course books have been surveyed to pinpoint to what extent integration takes place in them. And this new model of evaluation is underpinned throughout the study.

A NOTE ON SOME HYPOTHETICAL CLAUSES IN A COPTIC AND ARABIC MS OF THE PENTATEUCH: THE CASE OF لولا

Author(s): Ofer Livne-Kafri / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2012

The following article deals with the ‘hypothetical particle’ لولا in the Arabic version of the Pentateuch in MS Paris BN copte 1 (14th century). This Arabic version was translated from a Coptic version which is set parallel to it; the instances of لولا are very indicative of the work of a translator in a period of lingual transition.

A politikailag korrekt nyelv használata a magyarországi és erdélyi online sajtóban

Author(s): Blanka Barabás / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 28/2015

Political correctness means that one should not offend the members of groups living in minority. Since language is one of the most basic ways to take a stand, to transmit values, the ideology of political correctness first tries to eliminate the use of pejorative elements from language. Although print media is slowly moving to the online sphere, the authors of articles are still journalists, who through their work can shape society. Consequently, language use in online journalism can motivate readers to be politically correct. In my paper, I first examined situations in which the use of politically correct language is reasonable in Hungarian-speaking areas, and what conditions these imply. Thereafter, I examined two Hungarian and two Transylvanian news-portals, in which I analyzed the proper use of politically correct terms. Furthermore, I was curious to see how often these topics occur, because that also reflects the transmitted attitude.