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The subject of the study is the semantic analysis of CarpathismkuČa. The aim of our paper is to compare semantic structure, which is captured in the Questionnaire of the Carpathian Dialectological Atlas (CDA), in the CDA itself and in the Bulgarian materials. In our paper we focused on semantic distinctive components – semantic features – classification, identification and specification. We compared the basic and secondary meanings in Questionnaire of CDA, CDA and Bulgarian materials. We have found that there is one more meaning in Bulgarian materials: izba. We have also monitored changes in the lexical meaning and captured the occurrence of Carpathism in the Carpathian area.
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In this article the author, for the first time in Romanian linguistics, attempts to explain the basic directions in studying a new linguistic discipline, Motivology, and the use of terms characteristic of this new discipline, some of which are translated or updated by the author in order that the former cold be introduced into the Romanian linguistic circulation. The motivational relationships of words and stable polylexical units make up linguistic universality; they cover almost all lexical and polylexical units in language, leaving out of their "influence" an insignificant percentage of "singular" language units. Motivology as a science dates back to the 1970s. This study outlines the research areas on lexical and structural motivation, the internal form of the glottic unit, the types of motivation of lexical and polylexical units, motivational relationships as a type of systemic relationships in lexis, motivation in a text and metatext, motivational paradigm, motivation of words and stable polylexical units as a lexical phenomenon, etc.
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Proverbs, being an element of ethnoculture, reflect the mentality, basic values of people, and their idea of the surrounding world. The author of the article accounts for the necessity to study money-related proverbs and notes that money is an unalienable part of the contemporary society, and consequently, it represents the material for psychological, sociocultural and linguistic research. Our aim is to conduct a comparative semantic analysis of proverbs in English, Romanian and Russian. The material for the research was 150 proverbs in the corresponding linguacultures. The author classifies proverbs by the semantic basis, identifies similarities and differences of English, Romanian and Russian proverbs
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The proposed text discusses part of the work of Stoyan and Hristo Karaminkovi „Diplografia“ (1850), entitled „Book of letters”. Karaminkovi's linguistic idiom is presented in detail. It is established that the language norms cannot be fully compared with the language norms in texts published before 1850, which were their models: Bogorov's grammar, the language of their teacher B. Petkov and the language of N. Gerov in „Conclusion from Physics“. The general idea of the written idiom of „Book of Letters” is a deliberately sought symbiosis between tradition and spoken language, a conscious and smooth transition from linguistic antiquity to spoken language. All this is explained by the desire of Karaminkovi brothers to write for the general audience, which phrase from the introductory part of „Diplography“ is indicative of the meaning of the linguistic means – they are as they are in the usage of the majority of the language community.
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This article examines the use of key terms in research publications in the field of syntax which focus on the linguistic status, the specific features, and the typology and realisations of appositive constructions. The main focus of analysis is on the inconsistent, unacceptable and unjustified use of key terms, such as „apposition“, „appositive“, „аppositivity“, „appositional“, and their derivatives and word-combinations of a terminological nature. The arbitrary mixing and replacement of these terms could cause significant problems related to the presentation and reception of the texts in which they are used and the authors’ intention. The study also systematizes and summarizes the dominant meanings of the fundamental terms and analyzes some debatable solutions in regard to their use in linguistic studies in several foreign languages.
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The aim of the paper is to highlight certain aspects of the semantic profile of the concept of "intelligence" through a model called "communication octagon", focusing on the theory of dynamics of communication links, and to analyze the interaction between the intelligent system and the social environment. The focus of interest in the study is human intelligence, based on individual biological differences, which can be modified as a result of construction and transmission of knowledge, mutual emotional transfer, making cognitive requirements (directed inwards and outwards, towards the environment), and as a result of dynamic social interactions.
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The article contains only the first type of glosses, which are an explanation of Greek words. Observations confirm the conclusions of our previous works – the nature of the glosses examined shows that they came out of the translator’s pen of George Hamartolos’ Chronicon.
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The proposed article examines the contemporary Bulgarian continuants of the compositions with first component благо-, known to us from the medieval monuments, written in Old Bulgarian language, as well as later Church Slavonic texts. Attention is focused on the semantic changes that occur in words, their stylistic stratification and their distribution as a hereditary share of Cyrillo-Methodian word wealth. The study is based on lexical material, derived from the main lexicography works of Old Bulgarian and Church Slavonic languages.
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The present article constitutes the second part of a brief critical analysis of the research on attitude and attitude-(speech) behaviour relations. Its major aim is to show that the contribution from the socio-psychological paradigm can prove relevant and valuable when applied to sociolinguistic research on attitude and attitude-behaviour relations. The author argues that attitudinal investigations in sociolinguistics, despite their popularity and rich history, frequently suffer from a number of methodological and theoretical flaws. The author advances an argument that a reconceptualization of the construct of attitude and some additional methodological principles can help refine the whole paradigm of language attitude research. Specifically, it is pointed out that a cognitive/information-processing approach to attitude formation, the theory of planned behaviour and other theoretical and methodological insights discussed in this paper can prove immensely rewarding and can give a new impetus for further research.
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The aim of the study was to systematize syntactically indivisible utterances of disagreement in the Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech and Bulgarian languages. The goal was achieved by using the linguistic comparison method, contextual analysis, elements of component analyss of words semantics, techniques of generalization, interpretation and classification. As a result, a classification of disagreement utterances was created, and the classification was presented in the form of a table.
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This article discusses the peculiarities of the linguistic representation of the 19th century St. Petersburg as understood by the individual author. Through the analysis and description of the lexical units of the novel against a wide historical background, it is possible to reconstruct the details of the life of the city. Facts of a social, domestic, and cultural nature are revealed through a close examination of the writer’s idiosyncratic language, including fixed collocations, jargon words and names created by Gogol himself. The lexeme “shinel” and its various descriptions in accordance with civilian ranks, as well as other names contextually related to this uniform, are also examined.
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This article tracks briefly the history of the development of psychoac - centuation theory, which was transferred from the subject of study in medicine to the linguistic field. It outlines aspects of studies of this problem in the modern East Slavic psycholinguistics (namely, linquo-stylistic, linguo-conceptual, communicative, pedagogical, and methodological). An application of the methodology of psychoaccentuation makes it possible to identify the principal traits of personality without any evidence of norm breach, mental disorders encoded in the communication, artistic language, personality discourse and genres of speech. The article discusses psychiatrist K. Leongard’s pioneer research on the clinical traits of accentuated personalities and the nature of accentuated personalities in the fiction text. His ideas were further developed by doctor A. Lychko, who laid the groundwork for the study of accentuation in the field of linguistics. Although the theory was sufficiently grounded and substantiated Leongard’s ideas were not embraced by East Slavic linguistics immediately: the Soviet era limited the functional capabilities of psycholinguistics as a science. Late 20th and early 21st century marked an increase in psycholinguistic research, but it was focused mainly on artistic texts (discourse) as well as communicative and pedagogical activities, while Leongard’s ideas drew the attentionof linguists. The present study offers a classification of texts based on the theory of accentuation developed by V. Belianin. It highlights the evolution of the main ideas of psychoaccentuation and aspectual studies of artistic texts (phrase field theory) and the relevance of this theory for the development of conceptual linguistics, communicative linguistics and methodology of teaching foreign languages as promoted in the works of Russian scholars (T. Inkina, V. Lialina, T. Prokofiev, O. Gurianichev, I. Mazyrka). In addition, the article examines the research by Ukrainian linguists, who were mostly preoccupied with the actualization of linguistic and generic aspects of psychoaccentuation (Ya.Bondarenko, V, Papish) as well as the potential of text research in the psycholinquistic field, making references to the work conducted by Byelorussian scholars (V. Maslova, O. Ulanovych). The novelty of the article is that it for the first time synthesizes scholars’ views on the implementation of the theory of accentuation, while confirming the relevance of the accentuation approach in analysing linguistic facts. Based on the generalized results, a conclusion is made about the dynamic character of the issue under discussion and the possibility of further in-depth research and implementation in the new interpretive linguistics fields.
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Artykuł zawiera omówienie aneksów IV i Va do Rysu historycznego literatury rosyjskiej Nikołaja Grecza, wydanego w przekładzie i opracowaniu Samuela Bogumiła Lindego (Warszawa, 1823). Aneksy zawierają szkice Konstantina Batiuszkowa Wieczór u Kantemira i O charakterze Łomonosowa. Antioch Kantemir (autor satyr klasycystycznych) i Michaił Łomonosow (uczony, poeta, autor ód panegirycznych) są oceniani przez Batiuszkowa z perspektywy preromantyzmu. Szkice Batiuszkowa zostały opublikowane w Naukowej księdze literatury rosyjskiej Grecza (Sankt-Petersburg, t. 1, 1819). Artykuł zawiera omówienie miejsca szkiców Batiuszkowa w strukturze polskiego wydania dzieła (rozdziały o Kantemirze, Łomonosowie i Batiuszkowie, przypisy; poprawki tłumacza). Kontekst interpretacyjny stanowi Słownik języka polskiego Samuela Bogumiła Lindego.
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Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza rosyjskich odpowiedników przekładowych wyrazów radosny i wesoły, będących leksykalnymi wykładnikami radości i wesołości. Cel pracy to wyodrębnienie poszczególnych znaczeń emotywnych wyrażanych przez teleksemy. Znaczenia zostaną zilustrowane przykładami zaczerpniętymi z tekstów współczesnej polskiej prozy i jej tłumaczenia na język rosyjski. Kolejnym zadaniem jest przegląd zastosowanych odpowiedników tych wyrazów i porównanie ich z ekwiwalentami zamieszczonymi w słowniku przekładowym. Mimo iż radość i wesołość to odmienne doznania pozytywne, okazuje się, że poddane analizie przymiotniki mogą być w wielu kontekstach używane wymiennie. Rosyjskie leksemy радостный i веселый występują w słowniku przekładowym jako ekwiwalenty każdego z analizowanych wyrazów. Badanie pokazuje, że przymiotniki radosny i wesoły mogą wyrażać różne sensy emotywne. Oprócz odpowiedników zawartych w słowniku przekładowym wykorzystywane są też inne jednostki leksykalne, często inne części mowy. Badanie pokazało, że określone znaczenia emotywne mogą być wyrażane za pomocą różnych środków.
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This study is devoted to the problem of the appearance of variants in the translation of the text of the Holy Scriptures on the example of the analysis of Ps. 2:12. The aim of the study is to find out the reason for the occurrence of discrepancies in the translation of this psalm. The significance of the work lies in identifying the genesis of modern Russian translations of Ps. 2:12, as well as the reasons for linguistic difficulties that arise when translating the Hebrew and Greek Psalms into other languages. The results of the research may be used when translating and commenting on the studied text. The main conclusion is that the reason for the appearance of a “dark” place for the modern reader in the second psalm – “Accept the punishment, may the Lord not be angry” – stems from the polysemy of the Greek word “παιδείας”, which can be translated as “education, training, culture’ as well as “youth”. The Hebrew translators have interpreted this verse as “worship purely”, “worship with purity”, “arm yourself with purity”. Some of the translation options for this verse are based on the Septuagint, which gives a literal translation into Greekof the Hebrew text: “Accept / keep the lesson”. The variety of translation options for Ps.2:12results from the polysemy in the Hebrew language, superimposed on the borrowed meaningof the word “bar” from the Chaldean language and on the Greek ambiguity in the recipientlanguage; later on, the complexity of this verse increased even more due to the literalism of the Church Slavic translation. The value of this research lies in comparing the variants of the Russian translations of Ps. 2:12 and clarifying their history.
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This article deals with the project method as one of the universal modern teaching technologies in literature classes in the audience of foreigners studying Russian. The implementation of the Polish-Russian cultural and translation project “The Cuisine of the Peoples of the North Caucasus” is discussed. Using this particular example, the goals, sequence of actions, forms and results of the didactic process are described, and recommendations are given as regards working with students-philologists.
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This paper focuses on a subgroup of Macedonian light verb constructions (LVCs) with дава (give) which can be interpreted as a transfer of a verbal message from the first to the second human participant, as one of the possible metaphorical extensions of (give) is in the field of verbal communication. The second participant is oftentimes not overtly expressed on the surface of the text, but can be reconstructed from the context. These LVCs are mainly based on verbs of speaking and some verbs of cognition, and unlike the LVCs based on deontic verbs of communication, in these constructions the first participant does not try to alter the behavior of the second human participant. Although it may seem at first sight that LVCs (with their verbo-nominal structure) are simply stretched versions of already existing full verbs (FVs), yet there is no absolute synonymity and interchangeability between them. The rationale behind the use of a LVC as opposed to its full verb (FV) counterpart lies in the information structuring potential of LVCs (evident in the possibility for reduction of arguments), as well as the advantages offered by presence of a nominal component in the LVC, such as quantification and premodification by adjectives.
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The article reveals the actual problem of understanding and reception of the translation of a literary work in the context of Belarusian-Russian bilingualism with the dominant use of the Russian language. Although the translation in a bilingual context often helps readers to understand better, it can also hinder the reception when bilingual readers comparing both texts are not satisfied with translation. It is not possible to establish general limitations on account of the variability of both understanding and subsequent creation of the work which is by nature subjective and ambiguous. Not only should translators have a thorough knowledge of the language of the original work but they also are expected to know social-cultural conditions of the society for whom they translate.
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