Категорията „отношение“ като структурен момент на историчност във византийската философия

Author(s): Smilen Markov / Language(s): Greek, Ancient (to 1453),Bulgarian Issue: 20/2014

The metaphysical intuitions, which dominate Byzantine mental culture, favor exactly that, which is considered inferior and secondary in Neo-Platonism, namely, individual existence and movement. The concept of the ontological structure of creation is extremely dynamic. This dynamism stays behind the strategies of some of the Byzantine commentators of Aristotle for interpreting the category ‘relation’. They develop the ideas of Porphyry and Olympiodorus, who try to find a general explanatory model, in order to integrate all types of relations (potential and actual, unilateral and reciprocal) into one coherent system. John Damascene, Photios and Scholarios speculate on different patterns for presenting the last six categories in Aristotle’s list as derivative from the first four. They introduce two important ontological principles, when dealing with the category ‘relation’: 1) relations are manifestations of the essential energy, which is immanent to the essence and is a constant existential activity; 2) created essences are relational, which is why the hypostatical identity, although not relational in itself, is properly expressed through them. By Maximus Confessor one can reconstruct the metaphysical dimensions of these analytical transformations. For him relation is a guarantee and a tool for overcoming the divisions of the world and for its deification. Responsible for this transition is the cognitive capacity of man, which internalizes all the relations of being, thus realizing the eschatological goal of human history.

Znanost, tehnika, napredak

Author(s): Lino Veljak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2003

ln diesem Aufsatz wird die Entstehung der modernen neuzeitlichen Naturwissenschaft als Anwendung der mathematisch-geometrischen Methode im Bereich der Naturforschung dargestellt. Die klassische (aristotelische) Mathematik und Physik sind -gleich als die erste Philosophie - nach eigener Natur Selbstzwecke. Dagegen richtet sich die neuzeitliche Naturwissenschaft (Francis Bacon: Natura parendo vincitur, The knowledge is power) nach der menschlichen Herrschaft über die Natur. Die technische und technologische Anwendung der naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse produzierte eine allumfassende Stärkung der menschlichen Produktivkräfte und dadurch einen wissenschaftlich-technisch-technologisch-wirtschaftlichen Fortschritt. Es geht um einen Prozess, durch den unbegrenzte Hoffnungen geweckt wurden. Man glaubte, dass der Fortschritt in der Lage ist, dank seiner- entweder evolutiven oder revolutioniiren - Wirkungen alle grundlegenden Probleme des menschlichen Daseins zu losen. Nach dem Paradigma der physikalischen Wissenschaft wurden auch die Sozialwissenschaften begründet, die die im Bereich der menschlichen Herrschaft uber die Natur affirmierte instrumentelle Rationalität auch für die Zwecke der Rationalisierung des gesellschaftlichen Lebens anwenden sollten. Doch die im 20 Jahrhundert evidentierte Fragwiirdigkeit des Fortschritts (die Krisis der modernen Wissenschaft, die Weltkriege, Totalitarismus, okologische Krisis usw.) zwingt uns, die methodologische Hierarchie der modernen Wissenschaft (die durch Vorrang des Quantitativen und die konsequente Marginalisierung des Qualitativen charakterisiertwird) und besonders die Macht als Selbstzweck ernsthaft in Frage zu stellen. Die Erneuerung der Einheit der Aristotelischen Philosophie (Ethik, Okonomik, Politik) wird die Grundlage für eine Uberwindung des antinomischen Charakters der immer komplexereren Fragen über die Richtung der Entwicklung und des Fortschritts.

Dialektyka utopii

Author(s): Bartosz Wójcik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2014

W swoim eseju spekulatywną pracę pojęcia utopii postaram się ukazać na przykładach dwóch najważniejszych dialektyków nowoczesności: Hegla i Adorna. Hegla myślenie o utopii określa wewnętrzne napięcie, które rozgrywa się pomiędzy jego młodzieńczym entuzjazmem dla projektu utopii estetycznej a dojrzałym krytycyzmem wobec stwarzania konstrukcji świata takiego, jakim być powinien. Adorno zaś zajmuje pozycje terminu skrajnego wobec swojego „wielkiego poprzednika”, oskarżając Hegla o zdradę utopii w imię jej urzeczywistnienia.Dla Adorna utopia jest negatywną świadomością tego, co nie istnieje, i tylko ona, ujęta w formie sztuki, składa obietnicę zbawienia imienia własnego. Pragnąłby skonfrontować oba te antagonistyczne stanowiska, wpisując je w szersze ramy pytania fundamentalnego: czy zbawienie (indywiduum?,społeczeństwa?) jest możliwe w doczesności (w Heglowskim pojęciu absolutnym), czy też nadejdzie jedynie z „tamtej strony” (Adorna utopia niewypowiedzianej nietożsamości)?

ОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПАМЯТЬ: БЫТИЕ ПРОШЛОГО

Author(s): Tapdyg Khafizovich Kerimov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The article is devoted to the problem of understanding the concept of ontological memory. The author analyzes the metaphysical tradition of problematization of time. This tradition is based on the existence of an atemporal way of personal perception and interpretation of the past. Through the critical rethinking of the previous traditions and the presentation of four paradoxes of memory, a transition is carried out to the comprehension of the being of memory as an ontological memory, which cannot be reduced to the ontological representation of the past present (some empirical knowledge), but is a genuine basis of the world.

Hipoteza artyfikacji i jej znaczenie dla kognitywizmu, neuroestetyki i estetyki ewolucyjnej

Author(s): Ellen Dissanayake / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The artification hypothesis presented in this paper is based on the assumption that small children have the ability not just to persuade other to give them physical safety but also to initiate social bonds and emotional interaction. Thus the interactions between the child and mother are adaptive in their character and as such they were not considered by evolutionary psychologists. The other factor of artification is the ritualization of those interactions. The article delivers many examples of proto aesthetic actions and artifications stressing out also the religious aspect of the phenomenon. The author concludes with the notion that artification and aesthetic agency are adaptive as such and they were just as important in the human evolution as nonverbal information transmission.

Distributing Potentiality. Post-capitalist Economies and the Generative Time Regime

Author(s): Davor Löffler / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2018

Vladimir Jankélévitch: Oprost i neoprostivo

Author(s): Joëlle Hansel / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 23/2018

U razgovoru s Vladimirom Jankelevitchem Beatrice Berlowitz pita ga sljedeće: »Neki smatraju da između vaše filozofije i vaših borbenih angažmana postoji rez: kako to daje mislilac ‘Ne-znam-čega’, također i neumorni hodač Ljevice?« Jankelevitchevi stavovi o pitanju oprosta postavljaju sličan problem, a sam to ovako definira: »Napisao sam dva djela: jedno jednostavno, vrlo agresivno, vrlo pamfletsko pod naslovom Oprostiti?, i drugo, Oprost, filozofsku knjigu u kojoj proučavam oprost sam po sebi, s gledišta kršćanske i židovske etike.« […]

Black holes: do they exist?

Author(s): Edward Malec / Language(s): English Issue: 65/2018

Black holes entered scientific literature as early as at the end of eighteenth century. They had been known at that time as dark stars, but their concept did not find its way to physics or astronomy, and had been abandoned for more than one hundred years. I shall sketch historical developments and discuss present mathematical and observational status of black holes.

ŽIVOT I SMRT-STVARNOST I SNOVIĐENJA BALKANSKI DISKURS BRANKA MILJKOVIĆA VS ANGLOFONOG DISKURSA AMERIČKOG JUGA TENESI VILIJAMSA

Author(s): Tanja Isailović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13 (3)/2014

This writing compares poetical Balkan discourse of Branko Miljkovic and dramatic anglophone discourse of American dramatist Tennessee Williams. Miljkovic was a poet of neosymbolism style, a philosopher among the poets in the period of 1960s, and his poetry was directed toward tradition, mythology and folklore. His poems were distantiated from its author, and symbol became conventional means of expression. The general idea of his poems Bequest of Orpheus and Triptych for Euridica establish the authenticity of the above mentioned themes. Some of the symbols, such as fire, bird, emptiness, flowers, death denote Sun, life, Phoenix, chasm, ending and beginning, carry out semantic and aesthetic constrative electricity. Tennessee Williams, as well as Branko Miljkovic, in his drama Orpheus Descending represents his protagonists as humans in pursue for freedom, so did he being engaged in art. The quest for meaning and sense, up to the degree where imagination and reality blend together, where uncertainness becomes activity, loneliness vivifics in discursive experience of metaphor are the main ideas of his plays, in which social and psychological conflict collide through eroticization and vanish afterwards in the mythology of the American South.

Aspekti Hegelove filozofije

Author(s): Theodor W. Adorno / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/1971

Kronologijski povod kao što je stodvadesetpeta godišnjica Hegelove smrti mogao bi navesti na ono što se naziva ocjenjivanjem. Ali je pojam ocjenjivanja, ako je uopće ikada nešto vrijedio, postao nesnosan.

Odjeci Nietzscheova mišljenja u avangardnoj glazbi 20. stoljeća

Author(s): Nebojša Mudri / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 15/2011

The primary purpose of this paper is to show how the main Nietzche’s ideas got their expression in the 20th century avant-garde music. In the first and introductive part of the paper, after the short comment on Nietzche’s »adventure« with music composing, we deal with the artist’s metaphysics of The Birth of Tragedy, which sets the music into a very high position as an expression of will (worldly primal One), more authentic than any verbal communication, which reveals the Dionysian nature of being in constant becoming. In the next chapter we tried to interpret the meaning of Nietzche’s deliberations on his contemporary music situation, referring to the criticism of late Wagner and the statements that testify about the philosopher’s ambiguous relationship with romanticism in general. With exhaustive use of concrete examples, the central two parts of the article prove that after the Nietzche’s death his subversive ideas echoed throughout the avant-garde music, starting from the compositional activities of Arnold Schönberg and his co-workers. Nietzche’s conception of destruction and re-evaluation of all values becomes the permanent part of the avant-garde programs even when that was not explicitly stated, so we indicated in baselines which musical values, since the establishment of Second Viennese School, have gradually disappeared and were replaced by others. In the microtonal music of György Ligeti we came to recognize Nietzche’s idea of becoming, and in the minimalism of Reiley and Reich the related idea of eternal recurrence. In the final and conclusive part, just after the response on possible objections that can be addressed to this paper, we emphasize that music is not only able to carry ready metaphysical conceptions, but it can also prepare us for asking the fundamental philosophical questions.

Lajzegangova interpretacija misaone forme kod Hegela

Author(s): Damir Smiljanić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5-6/2006

Im Rückgriff auf Hans Leisegangs Lehre von den Denkformen skizziert der Autor in seinem Beitrag die Form; in der sich Hegels Art zu philosophieren niederschlägt. In der Einleitung wird in aller Kürze Leisegangs Theorie vorgestellt, ehe dann im Hauptteil der Arbeit die Beschreibung jener Form gegeben wird, die für Hegels Denken typisch ist. Es wird die logische Struktur dieser Denkform erörtert, neben dieser auch ihre theologisch-metaphysische Motivation und Genese, aber es wird auch auf die Problematik ihrer Rekonstruktion hingewiesen. Nachdem eine konkrete Hegel-Textinterpretation aus Leisegangs Werk wiedergegeben worden ist, wird ein Blick auf die methodischen Besonderheiten des Hegel’schen „Denkstils“ geworfen. Im Schlussteil der Arbeit wird ein Vergleich von Hegels Philosophie und Leisegangs Denkformenlehre vorgenommen mit dem Ergebnis, dass es sich letztlich um zwei „Programme“ mit grundverschiedener Intention, aber auch mit einem gemeinsamen Nenner handelt: Letzterer liegt in der Forderung nach einer ontologischen Fundierung der Logik.

Upotreba metafizike ukoliko je ona povezana sa geometrijom, u filozofiji prirode čija prva proba sadrži fizičku monadologiju

Author(s): Immanuel Kant / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2004

Filozofi oštrijeg suda koj i se trude oko ispitivanja prirodnih stvari slažu se u uverenju da moramo sa najvećom brižljivošću da sprečimo da se u prirodnu nauku uvuče ono što je izmišljeno nekim srećn i m obrtom ili na temelju neke nepromišljenosti, kao i da se preduzima bilo šta neizvesno bez saglasnosti iskustva i bez posredovnja geometrije. Sigurno da ne bi moglo da se pretpostavi bilo šta što bi bi lo blagotvornije i korisnije za filozofiju od ove od luke. Pošto, verovatno, jedva da je nekome od smrtnika dopušteno da čvrstim koracima napreduJe na pravom putu istine, a da pri rom tu i tamo ne odstupi u stranu, onda su neki ovaj zakon do te mere razvili da se uopšte više ne usuđuju da se u ispitivanju istine otisnu na puč inu , već smatraju da je zgodn ije da jedre duž obale: oni su dozvoli li pristup samo onome što je neposredno poznato putem svedočanstva iskustva. A zapravo, na ovom putu možemo pouzdano da raščlanimo zakone prirode, ali ne i poreklo i uzroke zakona. Jer, onaj ko samo sledi prirodne pojave, uvek ostaje jednako udaljen od razumevanja prvih uzroka koj i leže daleko, i ism tako malo će da dospe do nauke o prirodi samih tela kao i onaj ko se sve više penje na vrh nekog brda zanoseć i se da će konačno dodirnuti rukom nebo. [...]

The Mind of the Political and Social Animal

Author(s): Nerijus Stasiulis / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

In this article I present the outline of Filosofija. Sociogija 30(3) the articles of which I see as mainly centering around the issue of Man as placed and interacting within social, cultural and political contexts. However, the discussion of the social or political is generally nourished by metaphysical or epistemological issues or insights. The human mind deals with the fundamental questions concerning human nature, the existence or the metaphysical structure of the world, the status of cognition in general and science/ technology in particular. The articles merge into a choir signalling the inescapably social and political mode of our consciousness.

The Undeniable Other

Author(s): Algis Mickunas / Language(s): English Issue: 99/2019

The efforts to explain the other constantly fail. The creation of images reveals the presence of the other who appears both as an excess of any explanation and as a condition for the understanding of the diversity of such images. Even in its denial, such presence demands a dialogical dimension which includes both the explainer and the other. The birth of Western civilization, in its Socratic mode, was profoundly dialogical. Various trends, such as scientism and theology, shifted discourse to monological doctrines. Regardless of the kind of monologue, each claimed to subsume the other in its own logic, depriving the other of equal voice. Yet what is significant is that such a voice was always present – even in its denial. Good examples come from cultural conquests, racisms and colonialisms. Yet the most pronounced monological logic is scientific reductionism to a single ontological base: the fragmenting logic of materialism.

Apie kalbą ir tikrovę Czeslawo Miloszo kūryboje

Author(s): Lina Vidauskytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 39/2004

This article deals with probably the main problem in Czeslaw Milosz’ writing - the problem of reality. The two main points one can see clearly - the unmetaphorical style of writing and attention to the individual, concrete thing. Milosz give priority to reality, but not to speech (even poetic speech) while most poets give priority to speech. Therefore, his world-view can be characterized as more phenomenological than hermeneutic. Milosz holds an aristotelian-thomistic tradition and gives preference to substance but not to metaphor.

CONCEPȚIA COSMOLOGICĂ A LUI LUCIAN BLAGA DIN LUCRAREA DIFERENȚIALELE DIVINE

Author(s): Ioan Scheau / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2019

Abstract. The present paper presents Lucian Blaga’s concept from the paper The Divine Differentials, the first volume of The Cosmological Trilogy, which is considered by him the dome of its metaphysical system, but not the ending of it, because “metaphysics is not complete without an ensemble vision of cosmological nature”. The divine differentials becomes the place where minus-knowledge – as a method of capturing mysteries – may be applied, and this thing was impossible in the papers where this was theorized. The paper deals with all the matters of a cosmological system: the cosmic genesis, the generator (The great Anonymous), the human. Blaga asserts an indirect genesis accomplished through the divine differentials that represent infinitesimal fragments of the Whole. These integrate on the principle of the sufficient matching forming the formative units.

Estetikos kaita teorinio mąstymo nuostatų raidos kontekste

Author(s): Žibartas Jackūnas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 38/2004

The author analyses the impact the changes in theoretical culture have exerted on the development of aesthetics during the 19th and 20th centuries. The three paradigms of theoretical thought - metaphysical, scientistic and postmodernist are subjected to detailed examination. Special attention is given to a clarification of the consequences the above-mentioned paradigms have provoked in the theoretical foundations of aesthetics. The detection of ties between aesthetics and various modes of the theoretical apprehension of reality contributes to the representation of changes in aesthetics in the wider context of developing European theoretical culture.

Katalikiškasis XIX amžiaus spiritualizmas

Author(s): Bronislovas Kuzmickas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 34/2003

In this article the concepts of Catholic philosophers who identify themselves as spiritualists are analysed. Representing the pro-Augustinian tendency within Catholic philosophy, they try to restore true philosophy as the metaphysics of the spirit, maintaining contact with the “spiritual reality” lost by positivism and materialism. The main representatives of spiritualism in France, L. Lavelle and R. Le Senne, adhere to and develop the legacy of French spiritualism of the 19th century (F. P. Maine de Biran). As a special case of spiritualism, the views of the very original thinker S. Weil, a disciple of R. Le Senne, are highlighted. The leading figure in Italian spiritualism is F. M. Sciacca, a follower of Italian spiritualism of the 19th century (A. Rosmini-Serbati, V. Gioberti). Also represented are the views of the Italian spiritualists A. Carlini and A. Guzzo.

Viduramžių autobiografas Petras Abelaras

Author(s): Dalia Marija Stančienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 34/2003

The philosopher and theologian Peter Abélard (1079-1142) was the first Medieval thinker who exposed human subjectivity as material for contemplation and the foundation for knowledge acquisition. According to M.-D. Chenu, this way Abélard awakened medieval consciousness. He contributed considerably to metaphysics, logic and ethics, and took an active part in the famous discussion concerning universals, enriching it by several questions: What is there in things which enables us to give them common names? If there are no actually existing universals, what do common names designate? If the things signified by universals cease to exist, would their names still mean the notion we have of these things? etc. He gave a new basis to ethics by valuing the intentions more than the results. An intention which itself is good can have as its effect a deed bad in itself, or inversely; but the moral act which a good intention dictates is always a good act, just as the one a bad intention dictates is always bad. But his most controversial achievement was bringing dialectics in theology in order to check the dogmas of the Church.