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О межъязыковых звукосмысловых соответствиях в стихах В. В. Набокова-Сирина

Author(s): Semyon Leonenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

This article reveals some anagrammatical patterns in Vladimir Nabokov’s poem“La Bonne Lorraine” (1924). The original Russian text of the poem has severallines that include sound clusters referring to the name of the Maid of Orleans,the heroine of the poem. Th is poem about Joan of Arc springs from the veryphonetics of its key-word, the sign in absentia (cf., for instance, the very first line, which alludes to the French for Joan, Jeanne: “ZHgli ANglichANe, ZHglimoiu podrugu…”).

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Об однойшекспировской цитате в "Поэме без героя"

Author(s): Marina Grigorievna Salman / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The purpose of this article is to explain Anna Akhmatova’s decision to rewrite the following stanza from "Poema bez geroia" (1940–1962): Ne otbit’sia ot rukhliadi pestroi, / Eto staryi chudit Kaliostro/ Za moiu k nemu neliubov’./ I mel’kaiut letuchie myshi,/ I begut gorbuny po krysheI tsyganochka lizhet krov’. The final version of the stanza – Ne otbit’sia ot rukhliadi pestroi./ Eto staryi chudit Kaliostro –/ Sam iziashneishii satana,/ Kto nad mertvym so mnoi ne plachet,/ Kto ne znaet, chto sovest’ znachit/ I zachem sushchestvuet ona. – alludes to Shakespeare’s Sonnet 151. The penultimate line of the final version of the stanza (“Kto ne znaet, chto sovest’ znachit…”) paraphrases the opening line of the sonnet (“Love is too young to know what conscience is…”); the sonnet’s keywords – “love,” “conscience,” “young,” “guilty of my faults” – correspond to the central themes of "Poem without a Hero".

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Futurystyczna technika konstrukcji metafory (na przykładzie twórczości Wielimira Chlebnikowa)

Author(s): Ksenia Panas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 148/2014

The present work is an attempt to clarify the metaphor processes in the sophisticated language of the futuristic lyrics. As a consequence, the structure of “zaum” is opposed to the principles of normative construction of the language. The aim of this opposition is to define the role of metaphor in the extra-rational language. Besides, the phenomenon of metaphor is described in the article in terms of the stylistic devices which, in turn, are able to create poetical images. Also, the article mentions the problem of metaphor interpretation in futuristic lyrics. This process is often complicated because of the very structure of extra-rational language, which is based on the vast network of notions and rules aimed at enriching the semantics.

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Audiosfera oblężonego Leningradu (na materiale Dzienników Olgi Berholc i Zapisków człowieka oblężonego Lidii Ginzburg)

Author(s): Ewa Komisaruk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 148/2014

The acoustic environment of besieged Leningrad included sound phenomena typical of the acts of war: the whistle of falling bombs, the sound of missile explosions, the drone of scout planes and bombers, air-raid warning sirens. The description of the cultural context of the audio sphere experience, taking into account the perceptual, semantic and axiotic aspects of this experience is more important than the classification of individual elements of the soundscape in order to understand the situation of the people trapped in the besieged city. The formation of specific forms of individual and collective behaviour in response to sound stimuli was due to the intensity of extreme experiences and the long-term extraordinary situation in which the inhabitants of Leningrad were found. In the early stages of the Leningrad siege they rationalized the sounds of war, and then they ignored them, becoming indifferent towards the threat. The besieged city experienced by the sense of hearing in the literary witness of Olga Bergholtz and Lydia Ginzburg becomes a concrete reality, revealing the tragedy of people struggling for survival.

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ОБРАЗ ПЫЛАЮЩЕГО ВУЛКАНА В СОЗНАНИИ ОЧЕВИДЦЕВ ПОЖАРА МОСКВЫ 1812 ГОДА

Author(s): Ksenia A. Potashova / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 3/2017

A deep concentration and attentive listening to menacing historical omens manifested in nature, determine the ideas and feelings of the poets — contemporaries of the Patriotic War of 1812. Two large European volcanoes woken up in 1811—1812 — Vesuvius and Etna — were seen as a terrible presage, a natural harbinger of a historical catastrophe. Appealing to the image of an erupting volcano, poets saw the reason that entailed the sequence of world upheavals, the crush of spiritual values. The clergymen encouraged repentance and an appeal to God’s help. The rage of the erupting volcano was represented by poets as a certain moral lesson — the storming nature forces a person to turn regard on the sky and to think of readiness for death. As a result, the article came to the definition of a religious meaning of the motif of the erupting volcano in Russian poetry at the beginning of the 19th century.

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АНТРОПОНИМЫ И ЕВАНГЕЛЬСКИЙ ТЕКСТ В РАССКАЗАХ ТОЛСТОГО «ЧЕМ ЛЮДИ ЖИВЫ», «ГДЕ ЛЮБОВЬ, ТАМ И БОГ», «МНОГО ЛИ ЧЕЛОВЕКУ ЗЕМЛИ НУЖНО»

Author(s): Elena Masolova / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 3/2017

In Tolstoy’s stories “What Men Live by” and “Where Love Is, There God Is Also” the choice of the anthroponymic naming formula is predetermined by the relation of characters to the Gospel. Anthroponyms determine the destiny of people, have a prospective function and give hope for the favorable safe final of the story. In the story “Where Love Is, There God Is Also” the narrator uses a proper name when his character is not right; a patronymic has a greater value than a proper name because the patronymic naming formula emphasizes the succession of generations as well as a religious and moral essence laid in the name. Tolstoy’s character absorbs the Word Divine and as a result of it he is transformed. The “neutral” impersonal naming formula is replaced by the anthroponymic naming formula with its Christian semantics obtained in baptizing. Semantics of anthroponyms not always “helps” Tolstoy’s characters. In the story “What Men Live by” the semantics of patronymic Trifonov is “empty”: Trifonov is a poor man who did not help Semyon in a difficult situation, which he himself created in part. In the story “How Much Land Does a Man Need?” greedy and cunning Pachom failed to realize the positive semantics of his personal name and died. Tolstoy’s nameless characters are usually separated from God; the exception is a woman with a child from “What Men Live by” and an old wanderer from “Where Love Is, There God Is Also”. Angel’s speech at the end of the story “What Men Live by” and the description of his ascension correlate with the Gospel text. The forms of inclusion of the Gospel text in Tolstoy’s stories are different. A number of stories are preceded by the evangelical epigraphs that create a parabolic composition. In some stories Tolstoy’s character reads and comprehends the evangelical verses; the Gospel text sounds in his speeches and “subdues” the narrative. All this leads to an increase in the meaning of Tolstoy’s “national stories”, written in the context of Christian literature.

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ЛУНА ГЕФСИМАНСКОГО САДА: И. Е. РЕПИН И А. П. ЧЕХОВ

Author(s): Irina Ruzhitskaya / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 3/2017

Religious paintings are a specific form of reading the Gospel text. Based on I. E. Repin’s work “Jesus Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane” the author aims at revealing biblical texts as primary sources in the process of visualizing the Gospel events by the artist. The article does a research of the history of the picture, brings to light its compositional and coloristic features. While analyzing sacral reality depicted in the painting a theological dialogue between I. E. Repin and A. P. Chekhov is explored. The author notes the following results. Discussion about the presence of the moon on the night of Gethsemane events reveals the nature of the relationship of these people, their devoutness in life and work. Moreover, the author expresses a new hypothesis. Priest D. V. Rozhdestvensky, who consulted the writer on the question of the presence of the moon in the biblical events, could be a prototype of Ivan Wielkopolska in the story “Student” by A. P. Chekhov. It is concluded that by means of the moonlight I. E. Repin strived to convey a spiritual reality, to express a dramatic character of betrayal and Divine predetermination of Atonement.

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ПРОБЛЕМА ВЫБОРА В СЮЖЕТЕ РАССКАЗА Е. Н. ОПОЧИНИНА «БРАТЬЯ»

Author(s): Elena A. Fedorova / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 3/2017

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the range of problems, tropes and literary types in E. N. Opochinin’s narration “Brothers” (1898). Evgeniy Nikolaevich Opochinin (1858‑1928) was a writer, archaeographer, collector, editor and employee of the newspaper “Government Printing Works”, an author of recollections and diary notes on F. M. Dostoevsky, A. N. Maikov, Ya. P. Polonsky and other his renowned contemporaries. He created various types of a Russian person in his writings, such as: an old believer, a hunter, an artist, a God’s fool etc. The story “Brothers” depicts an old believer who tries to break with his ambience. Opochinin’s narration reveals common tropes with Dostoevsky’s novel “The Brothers Karamozov”: rivalry between brothers, a revolt against relatives because of a woman, a spiritual crisis of the characters. After his protest the character of Opochinin’s story Mikhail Vyzhigin comes back to his community and becomes a hardcore old believer. Comparative — typological and structure methods make it possible to discover the peculiarity of the literary type conceived by Opochinin. The same as Dmitry Karamazov and Mikola the dyer in the “Crime and Punishment” Opochinin’s hero wants to wash away his guilt by suffers, he looks for spiritual light, but unlike Dostoevsky’s characters, he chooses an unblessed way, deprived of joy, he is driven by fear of God and not by love. Eschatological visions of the character become an instrument of revealing of the character’s inner world. Moreover, the writer uses a characterological and narrative antinome. Mikhail Vyzhigin wants to obtain the Truth turns to be deceived by his acquaintances.

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ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ИНФЕРНАЛЬНОГО В ИДИЛЛИЧЕСКОМ: Н. В. ГОГОЛЬ — Л. Н. ТОЛСТОЙ — И. А. БУНИН

Author(s): Sergey Shultz / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 3/2017

Based the short stories of N. V. Gogol (“Viy”), L. N. Tolstoy (“The Devil”), I. A. Bunin (“Mitya’s love”) the storyline of transformation of the diabolic within the idyllic is seen in its evolution. A mythological subject of the appearance of the cosmos out of the chaos is related to the destruction of the idyll. The Chthonian character that extends its power to Khoma and Irtenev manifests itself in unexpected conditions: idyllic, “peaceful landscapes” reveal the possibilities of a back awful metamorphose. While Khoma is seduced beyond his will, Irtenev is seen as an initiator in the story with Stepanida. In both situations relations of authorities as a regulator of social structure are kept current: an orphan seminarist gets seduced by a rich and noble young woman; in contrast, by inviting Stepanida, Eugene appeals to his position of a nobleman. Finally, both characters find themselves subjected to the demonic power that covers all the other relations of domination and submission. In the era of sentimentalism the idyllic canon was “acosmic”. Gogol and Tolstoy brought back its cosmism, and Bunin, coming after them, partly turned back to sentimentalistic acosmism by disclosing better the catastrophe of individual consciousness in a lyrical way.

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The 'Politics' of Gender and the Manipulation of Meaning in Sarah Ruhl‘s Orlando

Author(s): Mihaela Alina Ifrim / Language(s): English Issue: 06/2016

Sarah Ruhl‘s adaptation of the Woolfian text inscribes itself, as well as its predecessor (Sally Potter‘s screen adaptation of the same novel, Orlando: A Biography), in a very important historical context for the modern woman, i.e. the Women‘s Liberation Movement and the empowerment of women characteristic to the 1990s. Woolf, herself a feminist, provides the perfect text for the manipulation of her feminist views into even more powerful feminist messages widely displayed, in this particular case, by means of cinema and theatre. Thus, in an attempt to identify the hidden politics involved in the process of transformation, the present paper sets forth to investigate how and to what extent the manipulation of meaning takes place.

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Shakesploitation and Shlockspeare in Film Adaptations

Author(s): Andreea Ionescu / Language(s): English Issue: 06/2016

The paper brings forth the issue of the relevance and/ or contemporaneousness of Shakespeare‘s plays for the twenty-first century audiences. It scrutinises the impact that the globalized contemporary means of mass communication have had on the Bard‘s work by considering phenomena that Richard Burt calls Shakesploitation or Shlockspeare, which have been introduced on the film market by the Hollywood film industry. In addition, it looks into the problems related to the authorship of all these adaptations, given the numerous (ab)uses that the Shakespearean texts have been subject to lately.

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Representations of Indigenous Feminism and Social Change

Author(s): Melissa Mouchref / Language(s): English Issue: 06/2016

Indigenous feminism is important to understand in that it completely revolutionizes our notion of contemporary western feminism. It also proves quite controversial in that it represents the voice of the oppressed in a patriarchal society. This essay seeks to analyse the union of Indigenous artistic representation and the proliferation of Indigenous feminism through that medium. It is crucial to recognize the necessity of alternative forms of feminism, considering the historically exclusive nature of a feminism that primarily serves the white middle class. Compositions such as acrylic art, literature, oral storytelling, political speech, and dramatic performances reinforce the primary argument of this essay that Indigenous women are here, even if no one is listening. The oppression of Indigenous women, and the necessity for the oppression to be addressed is confronted in this piece that encourages its audience to tap into an innate racism they have acquired in order to facilitate a reclamation and resurrection of previous notions of what it meant to be an Indigenous woman in a patriarchal world.

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Catastrophe and its Aftermath in Cormac McCarthy's The Road and Don DeLillo's White Noise

Author(s): Irina Elena Grigore / Language(s): English Issue: 05/2016

This paper focuses on the less exceptionalist images of America in McCarthy's The Road and DeLillo's White Noise. The two novels evoke a world dominated by violence, catastrophe, on its way to the final, the post-apocalyptic white noise and the human resistance over death as contemporary aspects of the 21st century. DeLillo's 1985 novel shows features of mass manipulation and simulation, such as those in the chapter „The Airborne Toxic Event‟, largely speculated by the media. The novel explores the theme of death as a metaphor for the "white noise" of the contemporary world. DeLillo's novel describes several responses, more or less adequate ways of coping with it. The metaphor of "white noise" might be seen as dramatizing death in contrast with an intangible transcendence in a world fed up with confusing images promoted by an ever more powerful force associated with the mass-media. Besides, the novel explores what Randy Laist calls in his Technology and Postmodern Subjectivity in Don DeLillo's Novels the “semiotic influence of television” (2010: 90), in which the characters are trapped in the center of televisual consumer disclosure. Another representation of catastrophic death is conveyed in Cormac McCarthy's The Road. The novel offers an even more chaotic, post-apocalyptic image of America in parallel with the portrayal of an affectionate father-son relationship. The characters of the novel plough through a desolate landscape strewn with ash and devoid of living animals and vegetation, as a metaphor for the loss of hope in a world that has lost its bearings, where traces of humanity still glimmer here and there, without many chances of survival. The paper reimagines exceptionalist America in exceptional circumstances, but these circumstances are far from being beneficial for anyone, American or otherwise, due to the American image of power as being overshadowed by nihilism and desolation.

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Twenty-first Century Novel Discourse. Nick Hornby's A Long Way Down

Author(s): Michaela Praisler / Language(s): English Issue: 05/2016

The identitary, social and political dimensions seem to govern most contemporary writing and Nick Hornby's is no exception. Exceptional, however, is the way in which he manages to build on traditional narrative practices, applying them to present-day philosophies of life – dictated by the current global social imaginary. The novel considered for analysis is A Long Way Down (2005).

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Apsilankymai Pas Pasaulio Karalių: Joinville’is, Thomas De Cantimpré, Ossendowskis, Hiltonas, Roerichas ir Čiurlionis

Author(s): Charles Ridoux / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 61/2009

The article considers the fantastic idea of some mythological king of the world and its presentation in medieval and modern literature and modern visual art. The medieval literature is represented by the treatises of Thomas de Cantimpré and Joinville; the books by Ferdinand Ossendowski, Roerich, and James Hilton represent modernity. The movie by Frank Capra and Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis‘s painting Rex represent the examples of modern visualization of the idea.

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Landmarks for the Contemporary Analysis of the Video Games. A new possible general scheme of analysis

Author(s): Tulia Maria Căşvean / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2015

Video games , as a contemporary cultural phenomenon, have drawn the attention of academic scholars, who decrypt them from a cultural perspective (what happens outside the game?) or as cultural object in itself (what happens inside the game?). Nowadays, video games are analysed from multiple research perspectives, such as the economic, political, social or technological, and are decoded with the help of aesthetics, popular culture, gender studies, production and reception studies (Aarseth, 2003; Wolf & Perron, Introduction, 2003; Wardrip-Fruin & Harrigan, 2006). Today’s situation fundamentally differs from the one a decade ago, when the academic arena was dominated by the ideational debate known as ludology versus narratology. Yet, there are gaps in the specific literature, depicting a research field in its infancy (“game studies”). The objective of this analysis is to understand the dynamics of games studies in terms of methods and theories used (a critical literature review), and to propose a general scheme for analysing video games as cultural artefacts that may spot out some structures and content descriptors to be used for increasing the games’ engagement. The applicability of the scheme of analysis is validated on two video games: DayZ and Heavy Rain.

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Modernist Fiction from Sin to Art

Author(s): Liliana Colodeeva / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2015

The article highlights the influence of the novelists and philosophers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries on the emerging and development of the modern novel as a free and outstanding form of literature, and what is more – as a form of art. The paper points out the impact of such names as Henry James, Virginia Woolf, Joseph Conrad, Arnold Bennett and Malcolm Bradbury, personalities that sought to change the status of the novel through their works. Due to these authors there appeared and flourished the tradition that we now name the “modern” novel. By the turn of the century, the novel was shifting to art; it was becoming a more interesting and more influential form of literature; it was aspiring to become a far more complex, various, open and self-conscious form, one which, in a new way, sought to be taken seriously as “art”.

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Aesthetic Desire: Edgar Allan Poe, Nikolaos Episkopopoulos and the Death-of-a-Beautiful-Woman Motif

Author(s): Eleftheria Tsirakoglou / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2015

The purpose of the present paper is twofold: firstly, it aims to shed light on the influence Edgar Allan Poe exerted on the work of Nikolaos Episkopopoulos by providing evidence of the Greek writer having read Poe’s short fiction. Specific attention is given to the development of the aesthetic tradition in Greece, a tradition to which both Poe and Episkopopoulos are closely tied. Secondly, it explores the possible intertextual relations and parallels between Poe’s female ideal and Episkopopoulos’ fictional representation of women as this is exemplified in the latter’s Ut Dièse Mineur (1893). The side-by-side examination of the female heroine appearing in Ut Dièse Mineur reveals significant links between Episkopopoulos’ tales and Poe’s, highlighting the similar manner in which both writers develop the image of a sensuous female persona.

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”Preserved like an insect within the amber of a poetic formula”- A Brilliant Display of Scholarly Endeavour: Adrian Papahagi, Wyrd. Ideea destinului în literatura română veche, Cluj-Napoca: Eikon, 2014

Author(s): Eugenia Gavriliu / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2015

Eugenia Gavriliu - ”Preserved like an insect within the amber of a poetic formula”- A Brilliant Display of Scholarly Endeavour: Adrian Papahagi, Wyrd. Ideea destinului în literatura română veche, Cluj-Napoca: Eikon, 2014

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La révolte des clercs - une tentative d’ autonomisation du champ littéraire au XIIIE siécle?

Author(s): Alain Corbellari / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2012

The medieval clerk can be considered as an ‘intellectual’ in its modern sense since he has been affirming his independence from the bullying ecclesiastical power from the 12th century onward. Some fabliaux and principally the 13th-century dits show him as the artisan of a reflection on the connections between literature and society: wondering about the connections between power and university or women's place in a clerical life, he initiates a new type of expression still modest but allowing literature to affirm itself as being a counter-power.

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