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In the article presented were the most important and the most characteristic themes appearingin the journalistic texts of the Russian writer. Zalygin, particularly towards the end of the twentiethcentury, was interested in the issues connected with ecology, the freedom of choice, the awakeningand developing of ecological conscience, the moral and ethical aspects on the part of man withregard to nature, soil and the surrounding world.
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Since the crime and theory of Radion Raskolnikov are only the most acute form of manifestation of real ethic and ideological laws of the present society, the trial over him becomes impossible and hypocrytical. Fair justice can be done only in the name of real humanity which is excluded from the laws of this society. That is why a very difficult task stood before Dostoyevsky: to prove trustworthiness of the ethic function and the character of Sonya Marmeladova. The analysis shows that in the ethic reality of Grime and Punishment Sonya exists only in ethic practice. Her life and character are not directly described by the writer. They are described by various hints suggestive details, and psychological reaction of other people to her behavior. This „choosing” description of her Character in the ethic reality of the novel helps Dostoyevsky not to open the deep contradiction in Sonya’s character. The article analyses how this contradiction is revealed and how Sonya’s character morally influences the philosophical and ethic search of the writer.
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The author tries to explain the riddle presented in the novel by the modern writer David Markish, The White Circle, about the ethnic identity of the character Matvey Katz, whose prototype is the avantgarde artist Sergey Kalmykov (1891–1967). The name and lifestyle of this artist became the reason for the birth of a personal myth, which formed the basis of the novel semi-detective plot. If in the discourse of the second half of the XX century and in the XXI century (mythology, cinema, a number of literary texts), Sergey Kalmykov, a Russian by origin, appears as a half-mysterious, half-mad person, an Alma-Ata freak, but under his real name, then, in Markish’s novel, he is a Russian artist of “Jewish origin”, living in the fictitious Central Asian topos named Kzylgrad. To explain the ethnic travesty that runs counter to historical reality, to “decipher” the location of the novel associated with the last years of the artist’s life are the tasks solved by the author of the article.
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Comparative analysis of Russian and Polish ethnonyms shows both similarities and distinctions of lexical strata in these cognate Slavic languages. One of the reasons of discrepancy in Russian and Polish ethnonymical vocabularies is different suffixes, which are used in ethnonyms formation. The most productive suffix in Russian is -ец, in Polish – -czyk. There are ethnonyms in the dictionaries of the Russian language but there are not ones in the dictionaries of the Polish language (for instance, Słownik języka polskiego, red. M. Szymczak). There are three grammatical forms of Russian ethnonyms (forms of masculine and feminine gender and the plural form) and two forms of Polish equivalents (only the forms of masculine and feminine gender) in Russian-Polish Dictionaries. It is difficult to form the plural of less known Polish ethnonyms. One have to find these forms in special dictionaries (Słownik nazw własnych).
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The author of the book “Plebeyskiye igry” recreates an ethical portrait of a modern man through the prism of villagers, inhabitants of a small town and a city. The writer focuses not only on a modern man’s efforts to be perceived positively, but also on his spiritual falsehood and negligence of family background. In order to create an ethical portrait of a modern man F. Siwko uses humor and irony.
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12 октября 1994 года исполнилось 100 лет со дня рождения известного русского писателя первой половины XX века - Бориса Андреевича Пильняка. Творческая и литературная судьба этого писателя сложна и трагична - нещадно критикуемый своими современниками, расстрелянный советской властью в 1938 году, он и в наши дни не дошел до широкого читателя. Его возвращение по-прежнему остается вопросом будущего. Празднование юбилея Пильняка явилось важным этапом в процессе возвращения забытого писателя на должное его таланту место в истории и литературе. Публикации, радио и телепередачи, посвященные знаменательной дате, свидетельствуют о неотвратимости этого процесса.
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Thе paper discusses some applications of the image of the 'Apostle' of the Bulgarian freedom Vasil Levski during the communist and post-communist decades in Bulgaria. The survey examines a chronologically wide empirical territory outlined by the socialist press and literature of the 1960s and 1970s, but also approaches models of interpretation in two contemporary lyrical anthologies devoted to the 'Apostle' (2000 and 2017). Models of ideological „absorption“ of the figure of the 'Apostle' are analyzed in the context of the socialist anniversary procedures most of which are dominated by the marking of his death. The text focuses further on specific cases that reconstruct totalitarian imagery and language practices in representative artistic editions from the last two decades of XX century.
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Конференция памяти О. М. Фрейденберг проходила 13 и 14 марта 1990 года в стенах Ленинградского университета филологического факультета в рамках XIX межвузовской научно-методической конференции преподавателей и аспирантов. В том, что эта конференция проходила на филологическом факультете ЛГУ, есть своя неумолимая логика. Именно Ольга Михайловна создала первую советскую кафедру классической филологии в СССР и заведовала ею примерно 18 лет с перерывом. Во время блокады университет выехал в Саратов, а Ольга Михайловна осталась в блокадном Ленинграде, где, не взирая на тяготы войны и блокады, занималась научной работой. Так появилось ее «Введение в теорию античного фольклора» (1941 -1943 гг.).
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Leonid Rudnytskyy summarizes the role and importance of the Shevchenko Scientific Society, which was established in 1873 and was the first, albeit unofficia l, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. The Shevchenko Scientific Society was founded by scientific and cultural activists of Eastern Ukraine who after the Valuev Circular 1863 launched their work in Lvov. The article presents the outlook of the Shevchenko Scientific Society with the author expressing some reservations about its development.
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The article reports data concerning Juda Fairies as a specific type of evil mythical nymphs in the two volumes of Veda Slovena and places them within the context of folklore – song and prose – of the Pirin Mountain region. The analysis focusses on some of the most representative texts mentioning Juda Fairies in Veda Slovena and Tales of the Juda Fairies in the archive of Stefan Verkovic. The conclusion is that Juda Fairies have a special place in both collections of papers and their basic functions are those of progenitors, demiurgs and mediators. The specific traits of the Juda Fairies present them as unique creatures in Bulgarian folklore while also providing parallels with other folk characters in the region with similar or even analogous functions.
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The main objective of this article is to portray South America as seen through the reflection of the journey and adventurous experience in Bulgarian interwar literature. The text argues that the Latin American continent's specifics are connected to the way South America welcomes modern people in its marvelous reality, while giving rise to both astonishment and a desire for adventure, as well as a propensity for uncalculated risks that may lead to disappointment and a sense having failed at life.
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The article studies the territorial spread of the South Rhodopean Bulgarian dialects in Komotini region. A classification of the dialects according to phonetic particuliarities is made. The unity between the Komotini region dialects and the South Rhodopean Bulgarian dialects on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria is demonstrated.
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The article studies the South Slavonic tradition of the biblical Book of Genesis, preserved in eight copies from the 15th–16th century. The orthographic and phonetical features, text structure, and the segmentation of the text by headings in all known South Slavonic copies point to a common Middle Bulgarian hyparchetype (х1) of Turnovo provenance, dating from the fourteenth century. This hyparchetype apparently had mechanical defects – missing or misplaced book chapters from the Оctateuch, and included as interpolations at least two excerpts from Palaea Historica and three unidentified non-Biblical fragments. Significantly, it segmented the text of the Book of Genesis (Оctateuch) by means of interpretative titles that, in addition to their exegetic function, most probably had a liturgical role. These headings were secondary to the translation and could be attributed to scolarly activity in Turnovo. The Middle Bulgarian hyparchetype (х1) generated at least two copies that turned into protographs (P1 and P2). P1 served as the foundation of Wallachian-Moldavian manuscripts (such as GIM–Moscow, Barsov collection, No. 3; Collection of the Romanian Academy of Sciences No. 85; RGB–Moscow, Rumyantsev collection, No. 29), whereas P2 gave rise to the five manuscripts originating from Western Bulgarian lands and Serbia (RGB–Moscow, Grigorovich collection, f. 87, No. 1/М 1684; Library of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb, No. ІІІ.с.17; RGB–Moscow, Sevastiyanov collection, f.270, No. 1/M. 1431; Church-Historical and Archival Institute, Sofia, No. 351; Krushedol Monastery, No. 81). While P1 restricts the additional headings only to the main text, P2 expands their use to the manuscript’s margins as well. P2 includes also a short description and interpretation of the first five Old Testament books.
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This article examines nine South Slavic manuscripts originating from the Tarnovo version of the Menaion, as the earliest among them are the two thirteenth-century codices of the copyist Dobrian (ОGNB 32 + 24.4.12 (Srezn. 59) of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences and ОGNB 33 + GIM Uvar. 1176-4°). Arguments for their relationship are some identification markers from the calendar and the contents of the offices. The indicators specific to this family are given primary importance in the examination of the manuscripts, but others are also applied, based on the opposition new-redaction / old-redaction (i.e., menaia structured according to the old Studite typikon and composed before the fourteenth century / menaia structured according to the Jerusalem typikon and composed mainly during and after the fourteenth century). Twenty-three menaia manuscripts and four early printed books (Greek and Church Slavonic) are used as comparisons. The data obtained lead to several conclusions: (1) the Office Menaion, formed during the thirteenth century in the Bulgarian capital, is non-homogeneous since it contains both unique and old- and new-redaction specificities; (2) although related to the fading Studite liturgical practice, this version was actively used and modified in a Bulgarian and Serbian environment until the seventeenth century. In the fourteenth century it was developed, in connection with the newly introduced Neo-Sabaitic (or Jerusalem) typikon, by adding new hymns, making the compositions more complex, standardizing and updating the calendar, sometimes even by commemorations of the Studite type; (3) the three main levels – calendar, contents, and structure – show an unequal degree of redactor intervention in coordinating the Office Menaion with the new liturgical regulations; (4) not only the protograph but also all subsequent copies are of a hybrid type. This article presents arguments of a diverse nature for the localization of the earliest Bulgarian sources, i.e., the Dobrian codices and menaia of the fourteenth century (No. 19 of the Krka Monastery, No. 33 of the Cetinje Monastery, Zograph 115, Paris. Slav. 23): (1) the area of original copying and distribution; (2) the focus on the feasts of the Theotokos and the registration of a unique commemoration, Consecration of the Church of the Theotokos on 22 August, in ОGNB 33; (3) two commemorations confined only to this family – St Philothea Temnishka on 28 May and St John of Rila (on 18 August, with the canon in Tone Two), which are not supported by other old-redaction liturgical books. The hypothesis is advanced that the place of origin of the Tarnovo “new menaion” and of part of the Bulgarian copies could be the Monastery of St. Bogoroditsa Temnishka.
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The paper examines the history of the South Slavonic translations of the series “Miracles of the Theotokos” – the third part of the Agapios Landos’ collection “Salvation of the sinners,” published in Venice in 1641st. An attempt has been made at clarifying the chronology of the first South Slavonic translation of the collection, made by the Athos’ monk Samuil Bakachich. An attention has been paid on the Joakim Kurchovsky’s translation, made in the beginning of the 19th century, and published in 1817th in Budin.
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The article examines current trends in the development of South Slavic comparative literary studies. The discussion revolves around the reviewing of the notion of a South Slavic literary community and a unified South Slavic literary process. Interpretation focuses on the comparison of the Yugoslav and Post-Yugoslav literary contexts. Reference is made to the affiliation of South Slavic literatures to various cultural regions. The author comes to the conclusion that there is a need for a reviewing of South Slavic literatures as an open construction and a dynamic field of identities.
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The text considers the relationship between I. Turgenev and Y. Vrevskaya: the literariness of Vrevskaya (particular to the culture of 19th century Russian nobility (dvoryanstvo); the impact of Turgenev on Vrevskaya through both direct communication and artistry; the moulding of a life plot - the departure of Vrevskaya as a medical nurse to Bulgaria during the 1877 Russian-Turkish War - after the plot example of Turgenev's novel "On the Eve"; the mythologisation/sacralisation of Vrevskaya in Russian and Bulgarian literature, and in V. Hugo; the building of the cinematic plot of "Yuliya Vrevskaya" (1977) after the plot of "On the Eve" through the motif of love with a fictional Bulgarian; the forming of a behavioural model following the example of Vrevskaya's life choice (in Bulgarian queen Eleonora).
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