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O relacjach

Author(s): Grzegorz Pawłowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The interest of linguists in research findings from various fields of humanities and natural sciences is not waning. It has increased in recent years, inter alia, as a result of new ministerial regulations providing opportunities for more flexible evaluation of researchers and academic units. However, this interest stems primarily from the subject of linguistics itself. Linguists, having as their subject the linguistic and communicative properties of humans, cannot do without systematically following the results and research methods applied by the representatives of even those disciplines that only marginally take into account human beings, their genesis, nature, goals, or social functions. The interdisciplinary research involved here is simply natural for contemporary linguists. It is not easy to comprehensively present the initiatives resulting from such research in a single publication. The content of this work deals primarily with research that enjoys full acceptance in contemporary linguistic discourse. It is also full of innovative reflections on a number of relationships conceivable between linguistics and other sciences. These relationships are dealt with by the authors in the subject areas they have outlined.

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Pomiędzy językoznawstwem a filozofią

Author(s): Ewa Żebrowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Philosophy is a science with a long, centuries-old history, and linguistics a relatively young scientific discipline, whose main subject of research are natural languages and language as such. The article outlines their research profile and changing concepts so that the question about their interrelationships can be finally answered.

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Terminologia a relacje interdyscyplinarne

Author(s): Piotr Nagórka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Terminology is a (sub)discipline of linguistics. Its representatives study humans in terms of their cognitive and communicative qualities based on the products of their individual cultures. Terminology relies on making discoveries, which enable capturing the state of professional knowledge in any field of activity at a given time. Terminology can also be viewed as a field of activity responsible for introducing conceptual order, and thus facilitating communication between professionals while ensuring their sustainable progress. Like any other scientific field, terminology also has an essential metacomponent incorporated into its scientific constitution, based on self-reflection, which leads to questions concerning its status and functions. The research question centres around the status of terminology relative to other fields of intellectual activity. The subject matter of the present research is represented not only by terminologists, but also by the field’s proponents representing other domains and disciplines, as well as groups of professionals to whom terminological work is adressed. The research has been conducted in the framework of terminology in its metacognitive aspect. The aim of this study is to present the model of interactions between the terminologist and representatives of other field of intellectual activity. The method of this metacognitive work is the same as in the case of terminological work oriented to its subject proper. An adequate response to the research query requires that the scientific work cover both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The results of metacognitive analyses indicate that terminological work is characterised by both constitutive relationships (receptive in character) and facultative relationships (productive in character).

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Polska nauka o translacji – stan obecny i perspektywy rozwoju dyscypliny

Author(s): Anna Małgorzewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of the paper describes the current stage of Polish translation science – characterized by subdisciplinary divisions – in order to point out some possible development trends that could change it into an autonomous and complementary organized discipline. The conclusions are drawn on the basis of interpreting data that can be found at the portal Nauka Polska (Polish Science), in the POL-on database which gathers data on Polish science and higher education, in the lists of scientific journals published by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, in academic journals index ERIH PLUS, and on websites of chosen scientific journals. Many errors can be noticed in the way Polish scientists classify their research and define themselves as researchers. They result from lacking disciplinary systematization of existing paradigms as well as from the fact that there is no adequate and coherent terminology. The paper concludes with ideas which should make it possible to put an end to multidisciplinary nature of translation science and to make room for inter- and transdisciplinary approach.

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Prawo do języka i prawo do sądu

Author(s): Joanna Osiejewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The right to court is an individual, entity-oriented right that is the basic guarantee for the implementation of other subjective rights. This right implies the state’s obligation to organize justice in such a way as to ensure effective legal protection for those entitled. In the case of persons who do not speak the language of the court proceedings of which they are a participant, a key element in the exercise of access to the court is a suitably qualified translator who provides appropriate quality assistance. In a special situation here are persons belonging to the language minorities of the state in which the proceedings are pending. International law cares for language rights from the perspective of the protection of national minorities and indigenous peoples. The issue of the importance of linguistic diversity has long been an important factor determining European integration. The aim of the article is to discuss international and European legal regulations ensuring the right to use the language and the right to court in the European Union. Next, the article indicates the special possibilities of using the corps made up of judgments of the Court of Justice of the EU in training translators as guarantors of the effectiveness of the right to language and the right to court.

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Interdyscyplinarne pomosty między językoznawstwem a prawem w lingwistyce kryminalistycznej

Author(s): Monika Zaśko-Zielińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article addresses the issue of evidential analysis in forensic linguistics, focusing on its interdisciplinary aspects. They are conditioned by recent developments in modern linguistics, the specific needs of the analyzed material (such as farewell letters), as well as the requirements of law. In the expert opinion, the expert must take into account the admissibility requirements of scientific evidence, but also present the adopted methodology and the data analysis in a clear, precise, and professional manner, so as to make sure that lawyers are able to perform further procedural decisions.

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KOMPOSITA DER PANDEMIE. EIN DEUTSCH-RUSSISCHER VERGLEICH

Author(s): Irina Bulgacova / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

Any significant changes in the political, economic and cultural life of society, natural disasters, especially on a global scale, are invariably reflected in the language. The coronavirus pandemic was no exception, provoking the emergence of numerous neologisms that are of undoubted scientific interest for linguists. The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of German and Russian composites used in both official and unofficial media in the era of a pandemic. Particular attention is paid to the comparison of neologisms formed by the method of contamination

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VON UNTERRICHTSMEDIEN ZU NEUEN MEDIEN IM FREMDSPRACHENUNTERRICHT: ÜBERBLICK ÜBER DIE HISTORISCHE ENTWICKLUNG

Author(s): Tatiana Kononova / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

This article is devoted to an overview of the historical development of new media, without which no foreign language teaching practice can do in the modern globalized world. The author of the article examines teaching aids starting from the old methods of the 60s. From the 20th century (teaching aids, visual aids) to the current methods of the 21st century (multimedia) and describes their features, aspects, categories. The study allowed the author to identify the didactic potential of new media (multimedia)

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L’expérience-limite du rire chez Georges Bataille

Author(s): Wafa Ghorbel / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Laughter is a real "limit-experience", in Georges Bataille's work: it is a practice of the body coupled with a movement of thought that continues in and extends to the language itself. It is a tragic, black laughter, as opposed to Bergson's blank, innocuous laughter, of a paroxysmal moment of protest introducing the bursting into the text and into the characters. While shaking their bodies with uncontrolled jolts, he testifies to the stirring up of the commonplaces of their thoughts. Unmeasured and uncontrollable, major, sovereign, he releases the energies. Pure expenditure, like tears, it arises during transgressive moments of excesses, ecstatic and thanatic, dissolves the limits of being, ensures communication with the Other by opening on the unknown, the impossible, the non-knowing.

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Nathalie Sarraute et l’ironie du Silence

Author(s): Elena Simina Bădărău / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Especially known as a novelist, Nathalie Sarraute is also interested in theatre, although she doesn't actually follow its traditional rules. Accordingly, there are no real characters in her writings, no discourse or linguistic identity. On the other hand, one can notice significant efforts to keep up with the reality, which is ironic, even dramatic. Moreover, the sole character who seems to have a name, Jean-Pierre, simply intensifies the endless void closing in upon characters, for he obstinately remains silent. In a word, this very silence ends up by losing its neutral, calm nature, making thus room for anxiety. Ironically, at the end of the play, the individual conscience, as well as the collective conscience, is about to collapse.

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Humour, ironie et auto-ironie chez Marie Desplechin, auteure de littérature de jeunesse

Author(s): Roxana Matei / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The comic has been an integral part of youth literature since the 19th century, when Hetzel and Hachette began to publish books with the purpose of teaching through entertaining. It is difficult to give precise definitions to the comic, the comic being confused with humor. Nowadays, the comic is perceived by children from the earliest years of life, the authors taking into account the power of understanding of each age. The stories for the little ones are full of simple word games, provoking a colorful, naive, spontaneous laugh. The approach of young children is self-centered, they laugh and have fun, getting into the skin of the characters. The comic relaxes and surprises them, but it does not make them want to dig deeper or wonder why it suddenly intervenes in the story. As for the teenage readers, their relationships to the various facets of comics change. For them, the comic has no longer the role of just laughing. It can also boast of its power of dramatization and contest.

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L’expressivité humoristique des formules gnomiques et des constructions figées comparatives

Author(s): Mihaela Lupu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In this paper, we intend to analyse the expressiveness of a certain number of French fixed similes and gnomic utterances by focusing especially on the rhetorical figures / figures of speech that they contain (among which irony and antiphrasis). Such phrases, which encapsulate people’s centuries-long wisdom, express – sometimes humorously – conclusions about the human character and offer advice in an explicit or implicit way. The stock of French paremiology provides many examples of gnomic phrases that can serve as a guide in human relationships. A number of fixed similes have been added to this stock, some of which can be counted among gnomic utterances on account of their endurance, frequent use, purpose and / or colourful content. These various types of phrases are critical mirrors in which we can recognize our own vices, quirks, weaknesses, flaws, etc., which we can set right by using the lessons we can derive from them. Most of the examples analysed here are used to express the absolute superlative in a humorous way.

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La remise en question ironique dans la vision de Jankélévitch

Author(s): Emilia Dolcu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Many literary critics, philosophers and linguists have studied the concept of irony, but Jankélévitch not only devoted a specific book to it, he also placed the concept in a broader perspective which is at the same time philosophical, historical and literary. Even more, one of his major book, ‘The I Don’t Know What and AlmostNothing’, is the expression of an ironic relationship to the world. My aim is to make visible with Jankélévitch the internal structure of irony and the relation to reality that it establishes. I also intend to bring to light the functions that this figure of speech and thought fulfils. Through a thematic analysis of the work, ‘The I Don’t Know What and Almost Nothing’, I will seek to determine an ironic relationship to the world to see then by what phenomena and linguistic signals it is translated.

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Ironie, dites-vous ?

Author(s): Jean Marcel / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Irony, you said? Ironic, most of definition of irony do not satisfy anybody. How to prouv that it does exist or not? How to limit it whitout using the lingo that hidd the complexity of the subject? And do we know that there is some civilizations in the world where ironic does not exist?

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DER EINFLUSS DES LEHRERS AUF DIE LERNMOTIVATION BEIM FREMDSPRACHENLERNEN

Author(s): Svetlana Corcevschi / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

To the question of motivation, retention and development of pupil’sinterest in the subject of "foreign language" is paid a lot of attention, both inpsychology and in the methods of teaching this subject. In most cases, the teacheris the only example in the eyes of pupils, who imitate the teacher’s speech . Theteacher constitutes, educates and develops the students. He inspires the students tostudy a foreign language, organizes the process of mastering it , the teacher createsan atmosphere of a foreign language. Therefore, the modern teacher must seek newand innovative ways in their work, to motivate students to learn a foreign language.

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Podstawy komunikatywistycznej analizy genologicznej

Author(s): Rafał Siekiera / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The chapter presents the most important assumptions of the new method of speech genres research. It can be included in the area of linguistic genology, and is based on communicative grammar. The basis of the method is the assumption that the genre of utterance can be perceived as a standard scenario, including both the circumstances of creating the text and its structure, typical participants of communication acts in which the text appears, or elements constituting signals that trigger the script during the reception and interpretation of the utterance. This allows the researcher to characterize given scenario and to identify deviations from it in specific texts. Textual representations of genres can also be studied on three levels of communication (distinguished by Michael Halliday, and then also by communicativists): ideational, interactive and textual.

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Komunikatywistyczna analiza genologiczna w praktyce na przykładzie badania telewizyjnych serwisów informacyjnych

Author(s): Rafał Siekiera / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The analysis of selected TV news services presented in this chapter illustrates the implementation of some of the assumptions of communicative genological analysis. The author focuses on the characteristics of news services as a genological scenario, defining its typical components - the circumstances of its creation, the arrangement of its structure, script participants, signals triggering the scenario (recognized by the recipient and influencing his interpretive attitude with regard to genre interpretation). Individual elements are presented in the form of sequences of predicate-argument systems - in accordance with the assumptions of communicativism, this is how standard scenarios, which are part of linguistic and social competence, can be written.

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Eklektyzm ideologiczny partii politycznych, czyli profil ideologiczny w praktyce

Author(s): Anita Filipczak-Białkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The chapter presents the course and results of the project aimed at diagnosing Polish political discourse. The research sought answers to the question: "Does the Polish party system show ideological differentiation?". The obtained results confirmed the formulated research hypothesis, according to which the parties operating in the Polish political system during the so-called The Fourth Republic of Poland was diverse in terms of the ideology represented. Analytical work was carried out on the basis of an extensive material base consisting of texts of parliamentary debates. The project used the method of ideological discourse analysis based on the assumptions of communicative grammar and taking into account the common research area of linguistics and political science.

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Dyskursywna analiza wizerunku realizowana na materiale empirycznym

Author(s): Anna Barańska-Szmitko / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The method of discursive image analysis realized on the empirical material was presented in this chapter. It is AN authorial method of image research which combines social sciences research methods with linguistics methodological solutions. This chapter presents the aim of the method, the range of research subjects, material, elements of research procedure, analytical tools, capabilities and limitations of the method.

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DE L'APPROCHE COMMUNICATIVE À LA PERSPECTIVE ACTIONNELLE: LES PRATIQUES ARTISTICO-THÉÂTRALES DANS L’ENSEIGNEMENT/APPRENTISSAGE DES LANGUES VIVANTES (FLE)

Author(s): Irina Postolachi-Josan / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Le présent article se propose d’interroger et d’apporter quelques éclairages, de manière critique et scientifique, sur les pratiques théâtrales au service de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage des langues (FLE) en milieu scolaire et universitaire.

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