Pozorna tożsamość. Polskie tradycjonalizmy z semantycznym archaizmem

Author(s): Agnieszka Piela / Language(s): Polish

The fundamental purpose of this dissertation is a description of chosen modern word constructions that include semantic archaism. In the limelight are phrasemes, proverbs, compositions and notions which can be called specific language units. Lexical component – archaism or its meaning decides about its specific character. Word constructions elaborated here do not carry the explicit traces of archaic nature. They appear to be modern, identical and nondescript. It approves that the traces of historical presence in modern Polish language are not easily detected, sometimes they may be unnoticed, hidden or even unconscious. For the purpose of this paper, such constructions are named traditionalisms (in opposition to constructions without historic language forms in its composition). The description of preserved to present day semantic units serves as a stimulus for wider thinking about “strength” and “resistance” of former word meanings, types of meaning shades recorded in compositions, reasons for the durability of phrasemes that contain an archaic element and the lack of stabilization of others or reinterpretation processes. The fact that such words kept their ancient meanings in word constructions does not necessarily imply that their meanings are permanent and unforgettable. It may happen that word constructions with a historic language element are now understood differently because of the up-to-date interpretation based on the present meaning of the notion, or may sometimes undergo semantic or even formal modifications. In this paper I connect the diachronic description with the synchronic one. The historical perspective, that allows to reach former, original sense of words, gives also the possibility to observe changes that emerged in the referred phrasemes over the centuries. In contrast, the synchronic perspective, in general, allows to capture linguistic facts that coexisted in a particular period. Herein, I discuss separately each word construction with semantic archaism and show its history in Polish language. The method chosen to present the research is a result of difficulties in segregation of the material into bigger semantic groups, categories or word-formative types. It relates to the fact that the stabilization of multi-faceted linguistic units does not depend on the particular types of meaning shades in compositions or their structure, or affiliation to some parts of speech, but that constructions in which given word appears are still needed and nowadays used by Polish speakers. Above all, in this thesis I concentrate on Polish phrasemes with semantic archaisms that abide with the passage of time. Furthermore, I write about the word units which have a recessive character as well as recall extinct word constructions. The methodical observation of the exemplification material leads to the conclusion that word constructions are changeable at each progress stage. It can be clearly seen while looking at the problem from a wider time perspective. Therefore, it is hard to foresee the future of semantic traditionalisms in Polish language and the determine units that will stand the test of time.

New ways to face and (im)politeness

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The language issue in Ukraine. An attempt at a new perspective

Author(s): Tadeusz A. Olszański / Language(s): English

Ukraine has been an independent state for only 20 years and the consequence of the long-term incorporation of Ukrainian lands into the Russian/Soviet state is an ethnically mixed society. In Ukraine, alongside Ukrainians, there are very many Russians and members of other nationalities of the former Soviet Union as well as a still large group of people who identify themselves as Soviets (in terms of their nationality). A significant part of Ukrainians use Russian in their everyday life (particularly professional) while knowing Ukrainian to only a small degree or not at all. Due to this Kyiv has to implement a language policy (which does not have to be pursued in e.g. Poland or Hungary) in search of solutions to ensure the stable functioning of a modern state for a multilingual society. The language issue is therefore an important challenge for the Ukrainian state and one of the more significant issues in Ukraine’s internal politics. In this text I eschew a detailed analysis of the question of Crimea as its social dynamics (also in the language area) is clearly distinct from the remaining part of Ukraine for four reasons: the short-term character of the region’s links with Ukraine, its relative geographic isolation (Crimea is almost an island), the formal autonomy of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, and the presence of the Crimean Tatar community which is demanding the recognition of its language rights.

La imagen del gitano en la lexicografía española

Author(s): Ivo Buzek / Language(s): Spanish

The monograph deals with the history of treatment that receive lexical units of Gypsy origin in Spanish monolingual dictionaries, especially in the editions of the normative Spanish Royal Academy dictionary of the Spanish language. The issue is being studied from the quantitative as well as qualitative point of view, i.e. the evolution of definitions, lexicographical marcs and etymological notes. Special attention is paid to the evolution of their treatment in the microstructure. The results from Spanish Royal Academy dictionary are then compared with the treatment that receive these words in the dictionary of contemporary Spanish by Manuel Seco et al.

Truth and Falsehood in Science and the Arts

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The authors discuss truth and falsehood in science and the arts. They view truth as an irreducible point of reference, both in striving for elementary knowledge about the world and in seeking methods and artistic means of achieving this goal.The multilevel and multiple-aspect research presented here, conducted on material from different periods and different cultures, shows very clearly that truth and falsehood lie at the foundation of all human motivation, choices, decisions, and behaviors. At the same time, however, it reveals that every bid to extrapolate the results of detailed studies into generalizations aimed at universalization – by the very fact of their discursivation – either subjects the discussion to the rules of formal logic or situates it outside the realm of truth and falsehood.

Poeci-studenci podziemnego Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego wobec romantyzmu

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The book is a successful attempt to renew research on the literature of war and occupation conducted so far, and at the same time to present the phenomenon of the underground University of Warsaw and its educational, academic, and cultural activity in particular with regard to literary studies. The authors describe the profiles of young artists for whom the ideas of Romanticism were a constant point of reference in their writing and in the armed combat against the occupier.

Podróż, ucieczka, wygnanie w dawnych literaturach romańskich

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The texts included in the volume describe travel as a literary phenomenon and as one of the basic human experiences. They present the analysis of works, often not known to a Polish reader. They also include texts from different periods, show distict perspectives and research methods as well as real and imaginary travels in time and space.

Retoryka i wartości

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The book is concerned with the rhetorical perspective, that is, discovering the mechanisms of persuasion in the process of promoting values in culture. The publication is interdisciplinary in character, it links togethers different areas of creative work and different discourses in the public sphere.

Kompetencje XXI wieku: certyfikacja biegłości językowej

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Polish

The valid and reliable certification of foreign language competences is a challenge – both in terms of content and organization – for institutions responsible for conducting such exams. The aim of the international conference on Competences of the 21st century: Certification of language proficiency was to provide an opportunity for the exchange of theoretical ideas and experiences in constructing and administering examinations in various Polish and foreign university contexts. The present volume is the outcome of this conference. It includes a selection of articles in Polish and English which discuss a range of issues related to the complex process of certification of language proficiency and which present results of research in this narrow yet very important domain.

Socio-Cultural and Linguistic Aspects of Roma Education

Author(s): Hristo Kyuchukov / Language(s): English

The book is the first attempt in Europe within the last 20 years to bring knowledge about the Roma educational issues of preschool and primary school children. It is structured in three parts: History of Roma education, Romani psycholinguistics and Roma Holocaust education. The first part of the book deals with the educational issues of Roma and its development during the last 20 years in Europe. Here the author presents some insight? views and understandings? of Roma education, development of the Roma school mediators and a review of the introduction of Romani language education in Bulgaria. The second part discusses mainly the issues of language education of Roma children – the acquisition of Romani and the issues of second language learning by Roma children. The third part presents the issues of Roma holocaust education as a part of the history education of Roma children.The socio-cultural and linguistic issues are important for Roma children education and with the new ideas the book can be very helpful for students in the field of intercultural education, educational psychology and social work.

Język w działaniu i działania na języku. Szkice semantyczno-słowotwórcze

Author(s): Krystyna Waszakowa / Language(s): Polish

The book comprises 16 articles concerning word formation and lexical semantics, representative of the Author’s forty-year work. The articles tackle theoretical issues, classifications, methods of description within the adopted framework, they also provide analyses of selected problems, illustrated with ample data excerpted from dictionaries and corpora. The book holds particular interest to anyone concerned with the contemporary Polish language, as well as to specialists in Polish philology or Slavic studies.

Wstyd i duma. Tom 1. Generalia i kontrasty w badaniach nad konceptualizacją przeżyć samoświadomościowych w języku polskim (na tle porównawczym)

Author(s): Agnieszka Mikołajczuk / Language(s): Polish

The monograph explores the role of language in expressing, recognising and experiencing the feelings of shame and pride as elements of emotional situation. It develops models for understanding such experiences (on the basis of lexical corpora), focuses on providing answers to questions concerning the research on language conceptualisation of feelings and presents the findings of professionals (especially psychologists) about the features, valuation and typology od self-awareness experiences, confronting this knowledge with the results of the research on various languages.

The Satire of Ishmael Reed: From Non-standard Sexuality to Argumentation

Author(s): Jiří Šalamoun / Language(s): English

This book addresses a gap in Ishmael Reed scholarship by contextualizing his use of satire and by establishing which satirical techniques are most frequently used and when. It demonstrates that Reed’s satire has evolved from a stage which frequently criticizes society through non-standard sexuality (as can be seen in his early novels) to a stage which frequently criticizes through logical argumentation (as can be seen in novels published after 1990). The book connects these two modes of satire to two types of American racism: overt (present in the public discourse until the Civil Rights Movement) and covert (present in the public discourse after the Civil Rights Movement). It concludes by illustrating that as overt racism became unacceptable in American public discourse, Ishmael Reed updated his satire so that it would remain an effective type of social critique. The book is intended for those interested in the novels of Ishmael Reed, African American literature, and satire.

Дискурсивная перспектива в лирической поэзии: Опыт жанровой грамматики / Perspektywa dyskursywna w poezji lirycznej. Zarys gramatyki gatunku

Author(s): Gennadij Zeldowicz / Language(s): Russian

The major message of this book is that lyrical poem tends to be split into two very dissimilar parts, one of which is empirical, while the other strives towards transcendence. Closely inspected are dialectic relations between them, as well as their typical distinctive features.

Metafizyka poznania lingwistycznego

Author(s): Grzegorz Pawłowski / Language(s): Polish

What is linguistic cognition and how does it relate to metaphysics? All the threads of this book revolve around this question. One of these themes is crucial: the rational soul and its cognitive powers. Another but no less important theme is the diagnosis of what linguists call (the sense of) communication. In this understanding, communication is viewed predominantly in relation to abstract concepts.

Aspekt tematyczny w informacyjnej strukturze wypowiedzi. Rozszerzanie i integracja wiedzy

Author(s): Magdalena Danielewiczowa / Language(s): Polish

The monograph concerns Polish relativizing expressions, i.e. exponents of different aspects of objects that are spoken about. The author discusses two types of expressions which have such functions in contemporary Polish: lexical units (expressions such as pod względem, w aspekcie, jako) and operational (thematic adverbs, relativizing expressions, prepositional phrases and selected repetitive operations). Purely linguistic issues, related to signalling from which point of view and in what respect a given subject is to be characterized, introduce the researcher to the broad area of fundamental ontological and epistemological problems.

Od idylli do ironii. Literatura węgierska wobec Zagłady w latach 1944-1948

Author(s): Kinga Piotrowiak-Junkiert / Language(s): Polish

This is the first monograph in Polish devoted to Hungarian-Jewish Holocaust literature from the years 1944-1948. The theoretical part of the publication presents the situation of this literature in its heyday, models of Jewish biographies in Hungary, the evolution of texts focusing on the Jewish question, and the metaphor of being a Jew in the Danube lands in interwar essays and prose. The interpretation section presents selected literary works by authors such as Terez Rudnóy, Miklós Radnóti, Erno Szep, Istvan Órkeny, and Istvan Vas, as well as ghetto literature. The texts subjected to meticulous analysis represent the successive experiences of writers of Jewish origin: forced labour in Serbia and on the Eastern Front, concentration camps, large ghettos, international ghettos, internment camps. The interpretation part uses contemporary research methodology (e.g. gender and ecocritical reading). What is also of significance is the fact that the author of this book is Polish, has authored another important and widely commented work, Świadomość zwrócona przeciwko sobie samej. Imre Kertesz wobec Zagłady (Consciousness Turned Against Itself. Imre Kertész Versus the Holocaust), is a Polish scholar, translator from Hungarian (including Kertesz's prose), essayist and poet. All her competences intertwine tightly in her latest work and become the basis of a book that will attract the non-professional reader and be of outstanding scientific value.

Au croisement des cultures, des discours et des langues. Cent ans d’études romanes a l’Université de Varsovie (1919–2019). Tome I - Études littéraires

Author(s): / Language(s): French

The book is part of celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the Institute of Romance Studies and its scientific and didactic activity in the field of French and Romance studies. The articles concern French literature, as well as the literature of Belgium, Switzerland and Quebec and cover the period from the 17th to the 21st century. The authors analyse major novels, short stories, essays, dramas as well as selected epistolography and reportage, they indicate the places where literature meets painting and photography meets cinema. The volume offers a wide selection of critical discourses such as: history, history of ideas, narratology, genology, intermediality, post-colonial studies, geocriticism, ecocriticism, which dominate francophone literary research.

Language Fossilization in the Advanced Learners of Polish as a FL: Focus on Problems and Possible Solutions

Author(s): Marzena Wysocka-Narewska / Language(s): English

The presented book deals with the issue of language fossilization in the advanced users of Polish as a foreign language. In particular, the author examines language difficulties (fossilization symptoms) the foreigners experience while speaking and writing in Polish, accounts for reasons for the status quo, and finally, puts forward some suggestions concerning changes and forms of work on the Polish language proficiency.

Konstruowanie wiedzy w pisemnych i asynchronicznych interakcjach online

Author(s): Joanna Górecka / Language(s): Polish

The topic discussed in the book concerns computer-assisted teaching and learning, which is an important area in contemporary foreign language teaching. The main object of consideration is the possibility of organizing virtual space group tasks in which learners undertake knowledge construction activities. My focus is on the activities of initiating and conducting online interaction which correspond to the genre properties of rational discussion in two contexts: a remote learning platform (interaction conducted within a student group) and online information websites (open and public communication). The study presented in the book had two main objectives. The first was to propose a model of online academic discussion that takes into account the specificity of the processes of constructing meaning online and the objectives of FL studies. The second aim was to identify the sources of difficulties involved in the implementation of online work and to propose additional tasks which may allow teachers and their students to negotiate their task representations and to adapt their activities to the generic requirements of the argumentative/academic discussion model. The conclusions confirm the validity of the diagnosis at the basis of the didactic intervention and support the teacher-researcher's construction of personal knowledge.