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Distinguishing cartoon subgenres based on a multicultural contemporary corpus

Author(s): Ana Pedrazzini,Nora Scheuer / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

A literature review reveals the lack of empirical and theoretical work dedicated to systematically grasping the diversity of cartoons. Most studies have focused on political and/or editorial cartoons and have neglected other subgenres, which however are gaining space in many forms of media—such as gag cartoons. Taking genre discursive studies as a starting point, this paper is aimed at distinguishing cartoon subgenres considering their modal, thematic, pragmatic and rhetorical features. The corpus is composed of 85 cartoons (51 multimodal and 34 solely visual) from 22 countries. This corpus was obtained by means of a questionnaire distributed over 2012-2016 in which cartoonists were asked to choose a cartoon that represented their style and to justify their choice. A combination of both qualitative and multivariate statistical techniques was applied. Results allowed us to distinguish four cartoon subgenres based mostly on thematic and pragmatic features: Daily political; Timeless political; Daily media, arts and sports; and Playful cartoons. From a rhetorical standpoint, Timeless political cartoons showed the highest semiotic density (8-12 resources per cartoon), Daily political cartoons an intermediate density (5-7 resources per cartoon) and Playful cartoons the lowest semiotic density (2-4 resources). This contrast might indicate a difference in the cognitive challenge posed to readers, with a major cognitive effort demanded by political cartoons (Timeless and Daily), in addition to the necessary awareness of current affairs. In line with previous research, metaphor appeared as a characteristic resource in political cartoons followed by irony, sarcasm and allusion. Modal analyses showed that political cartoons relied more on the verbal mode to build their messages than the other subgenres.

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Граматика и когниция

Author(s): Mariana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2023

The article presents the cognitive basis of the differentiation and definition of names in word classes. Cognitively analyzed substantivation, qualification and quantification and their circularity explain grammaticalization as a process. Definiteness as a categorical phenomenon of names is a syncretic grammaticalization of a cognitive-perspective minimum. Pronouns are not considered here, since their cognitive specificity does not contain the initiality of the nominative. Pronouns are the subject of a separate analysis in our other works.

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Наблюдения върху употребата на клишетата в българската и в румънската публична реч

Author(s): Vladislav Milanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2023

The article examines the use of clichéd expressions in the political speech in Bulgaria and Romania. Basic theoretical concepts about the essence of the cliché as semantics and as a structure are analyzed. Linguists’ views on the differences and similarities between stamp, cliché and pattern are presented. On the basis of excerpted material from the public speech in the two Balkan countries, conclusions are drawn related to the use of the cliché in the political speech which is more specific than its use in other spheres of communication. In public political speech, the cliché develops some additional specifics, subject to the pragmatics of political communication. The discrepancy between the political speech expressed through clichés and the reality it names and creates is considered a particular problem. The article supports the idea that this is one of the reasons why the cliché has become a convenient speech strategy in political speech, because this is how correct grammatical constructions are created which, however, are often devoid of content power or convey the content of the statement unconvincingly and without stylistic coloring. It is also possible to hypothesize that all these features of the cliché make it a convenient communication strategy and part of the political jargon in both countries.

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Категорията евиденциалност на българския глагол в обучението по български като чужд

Author(s): Krasimira Aleksova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2023

The main goal of the present work is to argue that in the teaching of Bulgarian as a foreign language, not only the indicative and the renarrative, but also the other two indirect evidentials – the conclusive and the dubitative – should be included. This is especially true for levels C1 and C2. In fulfillment of this goal, the meanings, forms and main uses of the four evidentials in the modern Bulgarian language are examined: indicative, conclusive, renarrative and dubitative. The expressed opinion is that the grammaticalization of evidentiality in the modern Bulgarian language is not a complete process due to two main reasons: the presence of three types of forms for the negative future tenses and the permeability of all composed evidential forms.

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(What) Should We Be Vigilant When Teaching Word Formation in English to Bulgarian English Philology Students?

Author(s): Aleksandra Bagasheva / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2023

The research offered here reviews the content of teaching word formation within the bachelor and master’s degree programs at the Department of English and American Studies at Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. Stock is taken with the basic problems arising from the insufficiency of word formation related content taught and the overview nature of the elective courses included in the programs. Basic areas of asymmetry between the word formation systems of English and Bulgarian are discussed, including factors for these, and certain signposts considered musts in word formation courses at university level are suggested.

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Translating Linguistic Theories into Practical Solutions for ESP Materials Design: from Discourse Analysis to Teaching Political Discourse

Author(s): Boryana Kostova / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2023

Linguistics plays a key role in foreign language education both in relation to the teaching/learning process and to materials development. As a point of departure the article examines the implications of linguistic paradigms for foreign language teaching methods and follows the evolution of the concept discourse competence. Together with Discourse Analysis it is identified as central to updating contemporary teaching methods and instructional materials. The major objective is to show how research within linguistics informs and gives new impetus to FLT which is illustrated by a model of ESP instructional material designed for teaching political discourse to university students. The main conclusion is that such a form of mediation between theory and practice can broaden the focus on authenticity to encompass not only exposure to real language but also to genuinely analytical and critical thinking experiences typical for the academia.

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Ассоциативные представления о памяти в русской и китайской лингвокультурах

Author(s): Ol’ga Barabash,Li Shutian / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2023

The article examines the features of conceptualization of the phenomenon of memory in the Russian and Chinese languages. By comparing the linguistic representations of memory in two cultures, similar and nationally specific images and connotations are revealed. The authors come to the conclusion that the ideas of Russians and Chinese about the connection between memory and thinking, past and future, about the dialectical nature of the phenomenon of memory are universal. However, associative interpretations of the properties of memory are realized in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures in different images

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ИЗ ОНОМАСТИКЕ СЕЛА ДОЊА САБАНТА КОД КРАГУЈЕВЦА

Author(s): Mirjana R. Obradović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 80/2023

The paper investigates the onomastic data collected in Donja Sabanta, Sumadija region, which administratively belongs to the municipality of Kragujevac. Microtoponyms and antroponyms (personal and family nicknames and hypocoristic names) of all the residents who live in the village, according to the information we possess, either permanently or from time to time (in order to do seasonal agricultural work on the land). In order to establish the dynamics of the antropomasticons from the village of Donja Sabanta we have consulted the birth register, and thus compared the system of personal first names of the people born between 1930 and 1960 and those born between 1990 and 2020. The aim of this paper is to list all the toponyms and antroponyms and analyses them from the structural and semantic aspect. The secondary aim is to describe the stability and changes in the system of official names of the residents of the village Donja Sabanta.The collected microtoponyms are motivated by the versatile natural and cultural characteristics of the physiogenous and antropgenous phenomena in the village. In the formation of the microtoponyms in Donja Sabanta we have noticed all the deriva- tive models and suffixes which function in the toponymy of (the central) Serbia. The system of male personal nicknames stands out within the system of antroponymous categories by its numerousness and versatility. Apart from -a forms, which are domi- nant in Sumadija, a significant number of male hypocoristic names ending in -o has been confirmed (Pero, Aco and similar).At the end of the paper we enclose a register in alphabetical order of microtoponyms and antroponyms which were collected in the field.

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GRAMMATICAL AND LEXICAL ASPECT IN ENGLISH AND SERBIAN: A CONTRASTIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Author(s): Katarina Subanović / Language(s): English Issue: 81/2023

The paper presents a contrastive literature review of the grammatical and lexical aspect in English and Serbian. The motivation behind choosing this subject matter was found in the inconsistency that led scholars to class linguistic phenomena related to the grammatical and lexical features of verbs in the same category. Namely, the category of grammatical aspect was approached in different ways for a long time, various meanings were attributed to this catego- ry, and new terminology was introduced so as to describe language phenomena related to this grammatical category in a more detailed way. This resulted in the study of the lexical aspect as a subcategory of the grammatical aspect. Therefore, the primary goal of this review paper is to gain insight into the current tendencies related to the grammatical and lexical aspect, as well as to provide a systematic presentation of the approaches to the grammatical and lexical aspect in relevant English and Serbian literature and grammar books. The research revealed that the category of lexical aspect was often studied within the category of grammatical aspect due to its distinctive features stativity, dynamicity, punctuality, and durativity, which make it similar to the category of grammatical aspect. However, contemporary authors in both lan- guages make a clear distinction between these two categories, emphasizing that grammatical aspect is a grammatical and a subjective category because it is expressed by verbal inflectional morphology and periphrases and because it reflects the speaker’s viewpoint on a situation, whereas lexical aspect is expressed by the verb meaning and verbal derivational morphology, thus being considered an objective category.

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"Ricerche slavistiche" e gli inizi di una moderna ucrainistica in Italia: tra tradizione filologica e collaborazioni internazionali

Author(s): Alessandro Achilli / Language(s): Italian Issue: 65/2022

In this article I offer an overview of the articles published in “Ricerche slavistiche” pertaining to Ukrainian Studies. Although quantitatively not abundant, articles devoted to Ukraine and its culture and language published in “Ricerche slavistiche” have played since the 1980s an important role in normalizing the presence of Ukrain-ian Studies in the broader scholarly context of Italian Slavic Studies. In accordance with the traditional attention that “Ricerche slavistiche” has paid to early modern and medieval Slavic languages and literatures, most Ukraine-related articles in the journal touch on issues regarding the 17th and the 18th centuries and their connections with earlier periods. A particularly important milestone for both “Ricerche slavistiche” and Italian and international Ukrainian Studies was the publication in the 1990 issue of the proceedings of the conference on the perception of the Middle Ages in Slavic cultures of the Baroque period held in Urbino in 1989. The Ukraine-related articles published in these proceedings by scholars from various countries and with different foci, as well as the overall architecture of the issue, in which Ukraine figured alongside with Russia and Poland as a fully-fledged object of research, can be said to have opened a new phase in the study of Ukraine in Italy and beyond. Giovanna Brogi’s role in promoting Ukrainian studies and their presence in “Ricerche slavistiche”, inspired by the open-mindedness of such leading Italian scholars as Sante Graciotti and Riccardo Picchio, can hardly be overestimated. In more recent years, “Ricerche slavistiche” has also hosted a number of contributions on modern Ukrainian literature and Ukrainian linguistics.

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Ритъм и ритмична организация на речта

Author(s): Petar Tsonev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The study examines the problems of rhythm as a non-linguistic and linguistic phenomenon, as well as the similarities and differences between rhythmic organization in poetry and in speech, the number and nature of rhythmic units, the classification of languages according to their rhythmic organization, and the role of various prosodic features in the rhythmization of speech. Moreover, special attention is paid to the nature of rhythm in relation to its participation in the temporal organization of speech and to the specificity of the rhythmic systém of the Bulgarian language. For this purpose, the theoretical propositions on the physiological, perceptual and linguistic conditioning of speech rhythm in relation to speech production and speech perception are presented in detail. At the end of the article on the basis of experimental data from a number of studies that have examined the rhythmic organization of Bulgarian spoken prose (colloquial language), both literary and dialectal, a number of important conclusions are made for the Bulgarian language on the discussed issues.

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Galizische Wege zur ukrainischen Standardsprache: Omeljan Ohonovs’kyjs Граматика руского языка aus dem Jahr 1889

Author(s): Michael Moser / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2024

When Omeljan Ohonovs’kyj’s Grammar of the Ruthenian Language was published in 1889 it was the most comprehensive grammar of the “Ruthenian”, i.e., Ukrainian language. Ohonovs’kyj, as the second professor of the “Ruthenian” language and “Ruthenian” literature, was undoubtedly one of the leading experts on the Ukrainian language of his times. The most significant shortcomings of his grammar, which was used at schools and to ultimately serve as a standardizing tool, were soon criticized by Roman Smal’-Stoc’kyj and Theodor Gartner, who were about to set new standards in 1893, in their highly influential Ruthenian Grammar.

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ОБРАЗУВАНЕ НА БЪДЕЩЕ ВРЕМЕ С ЧАСТИЦА „И“ В ГОВОРИ ОТ СРЕДНОГОРИЕТО, СТРАНДЖА-САКАР И БЕСАРАБИЯ

Author(s): Vasil Kondov,Ivan G. Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2019

This article traces the use of the future particle i/j ‘shall, will’ in Bulgarian dialects spoken in the region of the Sredna Gora to Middle Northern Bulgaria, in South-Eastern Bulgaria, and in Bessarabia. The authors argue that this phenomenon is one of the characteristic features of the socalled Chijshij Bulgarian dialects in Bessarabia and that, in them, it is inherited from the dialects in the region of Sredna Gora which is the land of origin of the above-mentioned Bulgarian dialects in Bessarabia.

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БЕЛЕЖКИ ЗА ФОРМИТЕ НА ДВЕ БЪДЕЩИ ВРЕМЕНА В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ПРЕСЕЛНИЧЕСКИ ГОВОР В УЗУНКьОПРЮЙСКО

Author(s): Ivan G. Iliev,Petko Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2019

This article discusses future tense particles in a Bulgarian dialect spoken in European Turkey (in the villages around the towns of Uzunköprü and Babaeski). The dialect is spoken by Muslim Bulgarians who left Bulgaria at the end of the 19th century or later. Most of them originate from Middle Northern Bulgaria but some of them have come to this place from Northern Greece and have mixed with the others. There is a variety of future tense particles in the dialect under consideration: ša, sa, za, ža ‘shall, will’. The authors show examples of the use of the above mentioned particles and draw conclusions about their origin in the dialect analyzed.

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МАЛЦИНСТВЕНА СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИКА. ЗА ЕДНА СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИЧНА ТЕНДЕНЦИЯ СРЕД МАЛЦИНСТВАТА В БЪЛГАРИЯ

Author(s): Ivan G. Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2019

This article is dedicated to characteristics of Bulgarian dialectal speech used by minority groups in Bulgaria. In their speech, the author finds dialectal elements that are now rarely used by Bulgarian native speakers.

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ЗА НАЧИНА НА САМООПРЕДЕЛЯНЕ НА „НАШЕНЦИТЕ“ В ОБЛАСТТА СРЕДСКА ЖУПА, Р. КОСОВО

Author(s): Iliyana Garavalova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 19/2021

The article is interpreting the problem about the way of self-distinction of the Bulgarian minority in the area Sredska Jupa, located on the territory of Kosovo Republic. It is well preserved due to the mountain terrain and the natural isolation of the region and its origin leads back to the years of pros-perity of the First and the Second Bulgarian kingdom. The interest, which the language of the people from the region inflicts, is due to not only the compilation of archaic signs with modern tendencies in the development of the Bulgarian language, but with the possibility that through its research to be outlined the western border of the Bulgarian linguistic area too. The research is based fully on new linguistic material, collected on place during seven years while conducting courses of Bulgarian language, History and Literature for the candidate students from the area.

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Вариативность компьютерных терминов как специфика формирования компьютерной терминосистемы

Author(s): Diyana Nikolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017

The article considers the variability of computer terms in Russian and Bulgarian. The variability of terminodits is considered in a broad sense. The corpus of the study was the ordinary user`s terms from the sphere information technology (hereinafter IT). Within the framework of this terminology, all types of variability are recorded: formal, lexico-semantic and functional-stylistic. In the framework of the study, the main reason for variability was identified, namely: the borrowed nature of the terminology system in Russian and Bulgarian, the intensification of intercultural communication in the professional sphere, the desire to economize language / speech resources.

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Семантика тотальности / партитивности в контексте языковой квантификации

Author(s): Stefka Petkova-Kaleva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The article focuses on the linguistic representation of the cognitive categories totality/partiality in the Russian language. Aspects of totality, such as compactness, additivity, integrativity, totality, generalisation, universality, are identified, and their manifestation in the lexical and grammatical semantics in linguistic items in Russian are discussed.

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Аспекты языковой параметризации (на материале русского и болгарского языков)

Author(s): Stefka Petkova-Kaleva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The paper dwells on the semantic category ‘size-dimension’. It focuses on the specifics of the absolute and relatively linguistic size and in particular, the linguistic interpretation of the size in the light of normative evaluation. The linguistic structures interpret the size of the objects from four different kinds of norms: the norm of kind (the average standard in the representation of the size feature), the situational norm, the norm of proportionality and the norm of expectation. Each one of these kinds has its own linguistic representation. The object of description and analysis in the present paper are the exhibit structures reflecting the size with respect to the situational norm, the norm of proportionality and the norm of expectation in Russian and Bulgarian languages.

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К проблеме оформления тезауруса рядового пользователя в области информационных технологий

Author(s): Diyana Nikolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The article investigates the design thesaurus ordinary user in the field of computer and other technologies. Knowledge of this terminology, penetrating into various spheres of human life and of modern society, it becomes obvious need for each person. Need to draw up such a multilingual dictionary pursues research, teaching and methodological and purely pragmatic goals. The article proposes a thematic approach to the organization of the material of the future terminological dictionary.

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