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„Ich küsse deine Augen, Oma!“ – Wertschätzung im Alter. Ein didaktischer Streifzug aus interkultureller Perspektive

„Ich küsse deine Augen, Oma!“ – Wertschätzung im Alter. Ein didaktischer Streifzug aus interkultureller Perspektive

Author(s): Daniela Lange / Language(s): German Issue: 6/2024

Understanding social reality as well as political developments and contexts is not only an important part of our participatory life, but also one of the main tasks of teachers in language integration work. This fundamentally involves juxtaposing the familiar and the target culture, which often becomes a topic in the classroom. These confrontations are closely accompanied by ideas and feelings of belonging and attachment as well as perceived foreignness and otherness. The relationships between the generations and the connections to one’s own family play an important role here, especially as they are characterized by emotionality. The article will therefore analyze how the position of older members of the family and society is presented in the textbooks for integration courses, with respect to both the linguistic and intercultural embedding. Based on the existing offer, ideas for supplementary materials will be developed and presented as examples. Particular attention is paid here to a constructive approach, which primarily looks for connecting. The emphasis is deliberately not placed on the differences, as is the case with the prevailing conception, but a narration of the points of contact is sought.

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FLORISTIC LIST AND ETYMOLOGICAL COMMENTS BASED ON CASES  OF FOLK PLANT ETYMOLOGY

FLORISTIC LIST AND ETYMOLOGICAL COMMENTS BASED ON CASES OF FOLK PLANT ETYMOLOGY

Author(s): Andrei-Ionuț Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 39/2024

The aim of this article is to present, in the form of a floristic inventory, cases of phytonyms resulted by folk etymology, how the phytonymic terms are transparent from the perspective of the theory of the linguistic sign motivation and how they are related to the extralinguistic, how the individual creations manage to spread on a more or less restricted territory.

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Words of Japanese origin in Romanian dictionaries of recent words

Words of Japanese origin in Romanian dictionaries of recent words

Author(s): Anca Focșeneanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In this study, we discuss the status and features of the words of Japanese origin in Romanian, based on Romanian dictionaries of neologisms and recent words. Several studies on different types of dictionaries of European languages show that, in recent decades, most borrowings into Western languages from a language outside the Western cultural space come from Japanese. A careful analysis demonstrates that this tendency can be also identified in the recent lexical dynamics of the Romanian language. First, we outline the context and objectives of the paper and discuss some terminological issues. This is followed by a short historical background and a presentation of the Romanian dictionaries used to collect the corpus. Quantitative information is provided regarding the data from each dictionary. Finally, we proceed to a qualitative analysis of the data.

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An English-Romanian Explanatory Dictionary of Onomastic Phrasemes/Nadia-Nicoleta Morărașu, Floriana Popescu
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An English-Romanian Explanatory Dictionary of Onomastic Phrasemes/Nadia-Nicoleta Morărașu, Floriana Popescu

Author(s): Iulia Veronica Cocu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 29/2024

Book review - An English-Romanian Explanatory Dictionary of OnomasticPhrasemes. By Nadia-Nicoleta Morărașu and Floriana Popescu, ProUniversitaria, București, ISBN 978-606-26-1909-1, 220 pp.

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ДЕСТРУКТИВИ У РУСКОМ И СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ

ДЕСТРУКТИВИ У РУСКОМ И СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ

Author(s): Maja R. Krstić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2024

The semantic category of destructiveness is one of the most important components of the general semantic system, which manifests itself – either explicitly or implicitly – in a qualitative and quantitative change in the structure of an object at the macro- and/or micro level through various (direct or indirect) specific actions, processes, states or relationships with strong negative connotations. It has its own linguistic status and its own lexical base (lexis of destruction). This category and its lexical stock occupy a significant place in the general classifi cation of lexemes of the Russian and Serbian languages. The terms “destruction” and “destructiveness” almost always refer to negative, destructive actions, processes or phenomena. The main characteristics of destruction in the broadest sense include: change, deformation, disintegration of something; structural changes under the impact of various forces (physical, mechanical, spontaneous) or humans. The result of destruction is usually the destruction of something (partial or complete). The semantic fi eld of destructiveness contains verbs at its core, and the peripheral part consists of nouns, adjectives, adverbs and other terminological vocabulary with destructive semantics. The central unit of such a verb-centric fi eld is the verb destroy, which forms the semantic basis of many other lexemes in this category.

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СЛИКА ЖЕНЕ У ДИЈАЛЕКАТСКИМ РЕЧНИЦИМА ПРИЗРЕНСКО-ТИМОЧКЕ ГОВОРНЕ ЗОНЕ

СЛИКА ЖЕНЕ У ДИЈАЛЕКАТСКИМ РЕЧНИЦИМА ПРИЗРЕНСКО-ТИМОЧКЕ ГОВОРНЕ ЗОНЕ

Author(s): Mirjana Ilić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2024

The paper analyzes the image of a woman from the perspective of a patriarchal language community, which is preserved in the lexicon of archaic Prizren-Timok dialects, based on a corpus of over one thousand lexemes. The linguistic worldview is stored in the conceptual structures of lexemes, where the conceptosphere of a traditionally educated patriarchal man is outlined through the semantic structure. The analysis shows how much the social status of a woman, her role in the social community, differs from that of today, but also points to the former ideal of female physical beauty, spiritual, psychological and moral characteristics

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Fleksja imienna i werbalna XVI w. – stan badań i perspektywy badawcze. Rekonesans

Fleksja imienna i werbalna XVI w. – stan badań i perspektywy badawcze. Rekonesans

Author(s): Joanna Kamper-Warejko,Joanna Kulwicka-Kamińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2024

The article provides a review of the literature on sixteenth-century nominal and verbal inflection of recent decades. It also addresses the issue of caesuras of language development phases, including the 16th century, an important one in the history of Polish. In doing so, we draw attention to vernacularization and literalization of the Polish language. We adopt a research perspective which assumes the separation in the synthesizing descriptions of a shorter period than several centuries, conditioned by change. We therefore postulate the need to develop a synthesis of sixteenth-century Polish using as source material Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku [Dictionary of sixteenth-century Polish] and the method of synchronic cross sections. This is justified by the current state of research, which we show on the limited material of sixteenth-century Polish inflection, as well as in the syntheses created so far (e.g. of the seventeenth or nineteenth century) covering periods shorter than the historical era. An attempt at an overview of the literature on inflection in different periods of the development of the Polish language in 2023 by Władysława Książek-Bryłowa, and here the most recent literaturę concerning the historical-linguistic epoch of interest is indicated.

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Leksykalno-stylistyczne wykładniki opisu w prozie reporterskiej XIX w. (na wybranych przykładach)

Leksykalno-stylistyczne wykładniki opisu w prozie reporterskiej XIX w. (na wybranych przykładach)

Author(s): Danuta Kowalska,Magdalena Pietrzak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2024

The analyses aim to identify the ways of creating a description in report prose in the 19th century from genological perspective, including 19th-century changes affecting travel reportage. The basic of the material consists of texts that mark the caesuras in the development of 19th-century travel reportage: Wspomnienia Wołynia, Polesia i Litwy [Memories of Wolyn, Polesie and Lithuania] (1840) by Jozef Ignacy Kraszewski, Listy z podroży do Ameryki [Letters from a Journey to America] (1876‒1878) and Listy z Afryki [Letters from Africa] (1891‒1892) by Henryk Sienkiewicz, and Listy z Brazylii [Letters from Brazil] (1890) by Adolf Dygasiński. The analyses carried out show that in the 19th century two trends clearly clashed: artistic and factual. The stylistic layer of the descriptions was conditioned by the needs and defined purpose of the statement, while their final appearance depended, on the one hand, on individual decisions regarding the construction and selection of linguistic means, and on the other, on the artistic capabilities of the writers, their talent and sensitivity.

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Jak współcześnie badać frazeologię w tekstach dawnych? Możliwości wykorzystania narzędzi cyfrowych w pracy historyka języka

Jak współcześnie badać frazeologię w tekstach dawnych? Możliwości wykorzystania narzędzi cyfrowych w pracy historyka języka

Author(s): Aleksandra Ryś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2024

The research aims to overcome the limitations of the systemic examination of phraseology in historical texts using available digital tools. The article seeks to answer the question posed in the title by presenting a functional study of phraseology using the Korpus dawnych polskich tekstów dramatycznych (1772–1939) [A corpus of Polish dramatic texts (1772–1939)] and the intonation analyzer Wydźwięk. I conduct pragma- and sociolinguistic analysis in the context of language functions identified by Michael Halliday; I also propose using selected sociological factors included in the corpus that may correlate with the choice of phraseology in a given context. I verify the evaluation of the intonation of expressions by comparing the tool’s results with my linguistic intuition. The research results are presented in a separate section, juxtaposed with the state of research (systematic analysis) and the researcher’s linguistic competencies. The prospects for using digital tools in phraseological research in ancient texts are presented in the conclusion section.

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Archaizmy leksykalne dotyczące pola tematycznego KULINARIA w gwarach śląskich

Archaizmy leksykalne dotyczące pola tematycznego KULINARIA w gwarach śląskich

Author(s): Lidia Przymuszała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2024

The subject of the observations made in the article are old lexemes related to the thematic field CULINARY (documented in lexicons of historical Polish language, mostly unknown to the users of the contemporary language, which have been preserved in Silesian dialects to this day. The aim of the study is to present and discuss these lexemes from different thematic fields (such as NAMES OF DISHES AND THEIR INGREDIENTS; NAMES OF FURNITURE AND KITCHEN FACILITIES; NAMES OF DISHWARE; NAMES OF MEAL; NAMES OF ACTIVITIES RELATED TO EATING), showing their historical continuity, as well as demonstrating formal and semantic relations between the old word and the dialect. The material basis of the text constitute 45 selected lexemes concerning widely understood culinary, which were excerpted from Leksykon dziedzictwa kulinarnego Śląska [Lexicon of the Culinary Heritage of Silesia] (by Lidia Przymuszała and Dorota Świtała-Trybek), as well as Słownik gwar śląskich [Dictionary of Silesian Dialects] (ed. Bogusław Wyderka). The text meets with the postulate of the needs for research on dialectal culinary vocabulary and on the linguistic history of Polish cuisine, combining both of these issues.

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Dystrybucja wiedzy o przeszłości języka niemieckiego w dydaktyce akademickiej oraz wśród społeczności lokalnej

Dystrybucja wiedzy o przeszłości języka niemieckiego w dydaktyce akademickiej oraz wśród społeczności lokalnej

Author(s): Marek Biszczanik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2024

Subjects focused on history and diachrony are often treated marginally in German studies curricula. Their complexity and deviation from the predominantly communicative and pragmatic-oriented study model contribute to this marginalization, leading to a gradual reduction of such courses. However, it is crucial not to overlook the fact that these subjects form the foundation for understanding the essence of language development and transformation, representing a fundamental element of philological knowledge. The author of this contribution aims to highlight the importance of language history and linguistic transformations in the didactics of German Studies. Simultaneously, the author recognizes a tendency toward excessively theoretical approaches in teaching such subjects and advocates for a more substantial reliance on authentic historical-linguistic corpora. The article also provides examples of the author’s contribution to bridging historical-linguistic research with academic and outreach practices, emphasizing the practical and popularization aspects of this endeavor.

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Czasownik leksykalny, łącznikowy, posiłkowy – badanie korpusowe statusu składniowego czasownika bliven (‘(po)zostać’) w tekstach średnio-dolno-niemieckich

Czasownik leksykalny, łącznikowy, posiłkowy – badanie korpusowe statusu składniowego czasownika bliven (‘(po)zostać’) w tekstach średnio-dolno-niemieckich

Author(s): Marta Woźnicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2024

The text presents the results of a syntactic-semantic analysis of the Middle Low German verb bliven, which was borrowed into the Nordic languages and whose semantics and syntactic status in both the original and target languages are disputed. The study covers a wider than before range of linguistic material from the period between the 13th and 15th centuries and consists of texts available within the annotated Referenzkorpus Mittelniederdeutsch/Niederrheinisch (ReN) corpus and texts of the Diachrony of passive voice in North Germanic (DiaPass) corpus. The temporal limitation of the texts has made it possible to conclude that the development of the periphrastic passive voice in Swedish with bli(va) cannot be attributed to Lower German influence. The above conclusion is confirmed by the sporadic use of bliven in combination with the past participle in the Lower German material with the simultaneous increase in the overall frequency of this construction in Swedish in the 15th century. The use of both corpora made it possible to rule out differences in the use of the verb bliven between Lower German texts written in the Lower German area (ReN) and Lower German texts from the Scandinavian area (DiaPass).

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Starogreckie elementy leksykalne w języku rumuńskim

Starogreckie elementy leksykalne w języku rumuńskim

Author(s): Anna Borowy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2024

The article deals with the analysis of the oldest Greek lexical elements in the Romanian language, more precisely Greek borrowings in Balkan Latin, which has continuations in the Romanian language. Greek borrowings in Balkan Latin should be treated as a different group, as they do not have continuation in other Romance languages. The analysis has focused on words classified by the Romanian researcher H. Mihăescu as oral borrowings from Ancient Greek into Balkan Latin. The article uses the historical-comparative method. The analysis is not limited to the Romanian language only as other Balkan-Romanian languages, as well as regional variants of Italian, are equally important in the study. The presented analysis indicates that Greek elements are deeply rooted not only in the Romanian language but also throughout the whole linguistic area where Balkan Latin was used.

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≪ Anatomie comparée des mots ≫ Intervention épistémique naturalistę dans l’introduction du „Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française” (1870) d’Auguste Brachet

≪ Anatomie comparée des mots ≫ Intervention épistémique naturalistę dans l’introduction du „Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française” (1870) d’Auguste Brachet

Author(s): Karol Krzyżosiak / Language(s): French Issue: 12/2024

This article investigates the naturalist epistemic intervention in Auguste Brachet’s introduction to his Etymological Dictionary of the French Language, focusing on its impact on the conceptualization of key topics in the history and evolution of languages. The primary research question addresses how Brachet’s naturalist approach influences linguistic understanding. Utilizing a cognitive semantics framework, the study reveals that Brachet’s intervention transcends mere rhetorical flourishes, functioning as a cognitive device that facilitates the transfer of abstract ideas. The research employs a qualitative analysis method, drawing parallels between the comparative anatomy of living organisms and the explanatory regimes of the natural sciences. The findings demonstrate that these analogies provide mental images that enhance comprehension of complex linguistic mechanisms.

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Incredulity toward Heroism: Ackroyd as a Gallant Storyteller against the Heroic Tradition

Incredulity toward Heroism: Ackroyd as a Gallant Storyteller against the Heroic Tradition

Author(s): Nazan Yıldız / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Heroism as an unremitting subject conquers and even haunts literature as well as history. Historical and fictitious heroes are guiding spirits of human beings regardless of time and geography. Historians and writers have so sternly adhered to the ideals of heroism that this fascination has been transformed into hero worship dating back to antiquity, bringing heroism to the forefront as a metanarrative in history and literature. Particularly contributing to the undying predicament of literature caught between the ideal and the real, causes of heroism have been largely left unquestioned putting heroes in the shoes of a messiah. Peter Ackroyd (1949-), renowned for his historiographic metafictions fashioned within postmodernism, dares to challenge this unimpeached -ism in The Fall of Troy (2006). In the novel, Ackroyd rewrites the history of Troy and introduces an eccentric half-real hero, Heinrich Obermann, against celebrated heroes of history and literature. Accordingly, this paper reads heroism as a metanarrative and delineates how Ackroyd sketches an atypical hero by acting contrary to traditional heroism and heroic literary tradition in his vibrant postmodern parody, The Fall of Troy.

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The Recurring Issue of Aviation English Test Validity: Echoes from Test-takers and Assessors of the English for Aviation Language Testing System in Algeria

The Recurring Issue of Aviation English Test Validity: Echoes from Test-takers and Assessors of the English for Aviation Language Testing System in Algeria

Author(s): Tarek Assassi,Tarek Ghodbane / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The English for Aviation Language Testing System (EALTS) is one of the international tests for pilots wishing to operate in international airspace. This test presents a wide range of difficulties for Algerian pilots, but little research has been conducted to estimate its validity. This paper seeks to answer two questions: (1) What are test-takers perspectives on the EALTS test construct? and (2) What is the assessors' perception of the testing procedure and test validity? A descriptive study was conducted using qualitative data from a semi-structured questionnaire for ten pilots and a semi-structured interview for three certified assessors and four university researchers. The authors used 'first-hand' data from the targeted sample to cross-check results' validity through triangulation. The results show specific difficulties from an affective dimension, such as stress and anxiety caused by inefficient preparation and unfamiliarity with test tasks. A different interpretation of ICAO descriptions using the rating scale is another issue noted by assessors. Additionally, technical issues with the computer-based listening test and non-compliant features of the test contents with features of the target situation language use are among the main issues noted by both test-takers and assessors.

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Povezanost zavodov za gluhe z razvojem logopedije na Slovenskem

Povezanost zavodov za gluhe z razvojem logopedije na Slovenskem

Author(s): Bojana Globačnik / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 3/2023

The development of speech therapy and surdopedagogy is connected with institutions for the deaf and medical professions. The following article examines the beginnings of the education of deaf persons in the Slovenian territory from the Austro-Hungarian monarchy onward, in which the Ljubljana Institute for the Deaf, founded in 1900, played a central role. The paper shows the connection between the institutes for the deaf, which included the first speech therapy departments in the Slovenian territory, and the extensive knowledge of the Slovenian pioneers of speech therapy as a science: Grm, Mazi and Omerza. They founded the modern science of speech therapy, and with their professional work, they improved both the theoretical and practical parts of the science.

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SHHH ITTY : Raymond Federman’s Autobiographical Strategies

SHHH ITTY : Raymond Federman’s Autobiographical Strategies

Author(s): Piotr Sadzik / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The article is an analysis of the posthumously published Shhh: The Story of a Childhood by Raymond Federman. In the book, Federman revolves around the primary scene of his writing, when his mother pushed him into the closet and, whispering “Shhh,” hid him from the Gestapo. I examine how the author, while undermining the supposedly autobiographical narrative of his survival, simultaneously disarms the discourse of the sublime that has weighed on many reflections on Shoah. For this reason, I analyze the intertwining of scatology and the blunt representation of sexuality present in Federman’s writing.

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When Reality Breaks into Parts, Islands, Pieces: Yevgenia Beloruset’s War Diary

When Reality Breaks into Parts, Islands, Pieces: Yevgenia Beloruset’s War Diary

Author(s): Aleksandra Bednarowska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This article focuses on Yevgenia Belorusets’s War Diary, which she kept during the first 47 days of the Russian invasion on Ukraine in 2022. The diarist, a Ukrainian photographer, writer, and artist describes how the war affects every aspect of her life. She uses various strategies to distance herself from traumatic events happening all around her – events that evoke a range of emotions. This distancing is necessary to narrate her experience and appeal to international readers, as she strongly believes that her voice must be heard. In this article, I present the author, examine her diary as a text intended for publication, and consider how trauma shapes its content and structure

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Percepcyjna cecha smaku w języku polskim w porównaniu z innymi językami (na podstawie eksperymentu z użytkownikami różnyсh kultur językowych i definicji słownikowych)

Percepcyjna cecha smaku w języku polskim w porównaniu z innymi językami (na podstawie eksperymentu z użytkownikami różnyсh kultur językowych i definicji słownikowych)

Author(s): Alina Yodlovska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2024

The study of the perceptual feature of TASTE allows us to reveal to a large extent the features of a specific linguistic culture. We do not accept all substances as food, but first those that are edible for humans, and secondly those that are accepted and loved in a specific culture, i.e. “selected” by the national culture. The aim of my research is to analyze the vocabulary related to taste recorded in Polish lexicons, as well as – within the comparative background – Russian, Ukrainian, and English, and to identify prototypes in the consciousness of users of different linguistic cultures and their status. The following methods were used in the study: analysis of dictionary definitions, conceptual analysis, and linguistic experiment. Using the example of definitions of tastes selected from dictionaries of English, Ukrainian, Polish and Russian, it was shown that the interpretation of these words is built on the basis of reference to a certain referent–the carrier of features, i.e. an adjective. The authors of Ukrainian, Polish, and Russian dictionaries focus more on searching for the prototype among objects that play a significant role in traditional folk culture, while the English dictionary is a reference object typical of the lifestyle of modern people. The results of the experiment allowed us to show the differences and similarities in the information presented by lexicographers in dictionary definitions and the information presented in the minds of the modern user. The respondents had different prototypes of tastes than those presented in dictionaries: sweets, coffee, chocolate, and fast food products.

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