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This article aims to examine the different ways in which the content of the Bible used to be transmitted in the Middle Ages and to provide an overview of the most common biblical topoi used in the medieval culture. We also aim to analyse the books of the Old and New Testaments from which the best-known medieval biblical topoi come and to cite some concrete examples from the medieval Romanian literature.
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In a communication situation, the person can freely express his/her ideas, but to be able to understand the intention of somebody, it is first necessary that the situation of enunciation is understood and that the context is observed. That is why pragmatics takes into account the utterance not only from the speaker's point of view, but also from the way the utterance is received and transmitted. Similarly, the relationship that this statement maintains with its interlocutor, the conditions of production and/or reception of this statement are the subject of particular attention. This article follows this logic. Using the theory of speech acts developed by J. L. Austin, it pursues the objective of showing that J. P. Bazié performs speech acts in his poems. Perlocutionary acts in particular indicate that the speaker positions himself in the struggle of peoples for their future. Therefore, by analyzing the speech acts performed by the speaker and by the shift from the speaker to the author, the study has come to the conclusion that J. P. Bazié is a committed writer.
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The article aims to analyse translation strategies and transformations on the material of the selected Polish-language letters by Sofia Fredro-Sheptytska to her son Roman Sheptytsky, which were not sent nor published during the author’s lifetime. Polish, French, English, and Latin are taken into account. Hidden quotations are compared with similar passages in different translations of the Bible. The possibilities of the Ukrainian language in the translation of spiritual letters are investigated. The work was carried out with manu- scripts translated into Ukrainian, typed on a computer and commented on by church activists and their colleagues. Thanks to textological, translational, comparative, biblical and other forms of analysis, the spiritual portrait of the addressee – Roman Sheptytsky, as well as the addressee, his mother, was revealed.
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Discourse studies on the methods section of research articles have been mainly conducted on the macrostructure (i.e. moves and steps) of the section, while none have researched further how authors justify the research methods/design. This is crucial because if the method is not convincing, readers may not accept the research findings and will not use them in their own studies. The purpose of this research is to know what research method is often used by the expert authors in English language education articles published in high-impact journals, what elements of research methods are often presented in the methods part of these journal articles and how authors justify the choice of their research method in the methods section of their journal articles. Sixty articles published in six different reputable international journals were chosen to be included in this study. The results show that qualitative design is the most frequently used by the authors, while quantitative and mixed methods are used equally frequently. The most frequent elements presented in the methods section of the articles are participants, data analysis procedures, data collection procedures, and research instruments. Finally, the majority of the authors do not explicitly justify the choice of their research method although some of them do by citing a research methodology book. It can be concluded that the features of the methods section in the journal articles vary widely between journals and from one method/design to the other.
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Previous studies showed that as a result of intense competition to succeed in academic pursuits such as publishing research papers and securing grants, promotional language known as hypes are pervasive in academic texts. This paper investigates hypes in a corpus of undergraduate thesis abstracts written by Indonesian English learners in a span of ten years, from 2011 to 2020. Taking a corpus-based approach, it examines the extent to which hypes are used in the thesis abstracts, including their linguistic manifestations, frequencies over the years, and the values they promote. We found hypes in all five moves of thesis abstracts, but they were most frequent in the introduction, in which they emphasized the importance and novelty of the research and stress the urgency of the research problems. In the span of the ten years, the frequencies of hypes generally increase, indicating the students’ awareness of the need to convince thesis supervisors, board of examiners, and their colleagues and the efforts to stand out in a competitive academic landscape. Important, investigate, and reveal were the most frequent hype words over the years and their instances suggest a growing emphasis on significance, a stronger commitment to evidence-based research, and desire to contribute new and concrete findings.
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The study of research abstracts has gained significant scholarly attention as part of genre studies due to the communicative importance of abstracts in constructing academic knowledge. This study contributes to the discussion by examining the structural organization and lexico-grammatical features of ninety (90) postgraduate theses abstracts in the disciplines of English Language studies, Literature studies, and Linguistics studies (Ghanaian Languages). The abstracts were purposively sampled from the graduate theses of departments of the School of Languages, the University of Ghana. The data was analyzed using Hyland’s (2000) genre model of research abstracts. The findings reveal that abstracts of English Language studies and Linguistics studies (Ghanaian Languages) are often informative while Literature studies abstracts are more indicative and possess distinct structuring of the moves. The Purpose move (M2) remains obligatory and the Conclusion move (M5) is optional across the disciplines. Also, some lexico-grammatical features in the linguistic choices of scholars in the three disciplines point to evidential differences that mark informative abstracts as varying from indicative abstracts. The study concludes that identifying the discipline-specific function of the abstracts may be the best means to account for variations in abstracts of varying disciplines and calls for the deliberate enculturation of academics into discipline-oriented research writing skills to improve the presentation of research ideas in abstracts.
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Researchers and scientists are increasingly encouraged by their institutions, by external organizations and by societal demands to foster the global dissemination of their knowledge production. Such dissemination is nowadays very frequently carried out online through different digital practices and texts. The current Web 2.0 and Science 2.0 context requires complex discursive practices to recontextualise and communicate specialised knowledge in a way that is accessed, understood and accepted by multiple audiences. The use of explanatory strategies has been highlighted by previous research as playing a key role in the recontextualisation of scientific findings. Such strategies can be realised verbally and non-verbally through diverse semiotic modes and affordances of the digital medium. A taxonomy of verbal explanatory strategies (elaboration, explicitation, exemplification, enumeration and comparison) and non-verbal (visual representations and spatial organisation) is presented stemming from the data-driven analysis of a sub-corpus of web-hosted practices, which is part of the SciDis Database compiled by the InterGEDI research group at Universidad de Zaragoza. In particular, the sub-corpus consists of 30 texts: 10 author-generated digital texts – from the knowledge dissemination community The Conversation –, and writer-mediated digital texts – 10 feature articles and 10 research digests – on circular economy and sustainability. Results show that verbal explanatory strategies are more frequent than non-verbal ones and that within the latter exemplification and explicitation are most common across all three types of digital dissemination practices. Author-generated scientific digital texts present more non-verbal explanatory strategies than writer-mediated ones – feature articles, and especially than research digests. The findings on the strategies resorted to and their realisation can be used to design tools for researchers, scientists and scriptwriters, mediators of disciplinary knowledge, who need to communicate such knowledge through digital platforms to diversified audiences.
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Stance markers, serving as the primary discursive category of interactional metadiscourse, function as a reliable measure for evaluating how authors of research articles authoritatively foreground their research within disciplinary communities. Stance research primarily focuses on how authors or speakers adjust the certainty level of their assertions, both epistemically and emotionally. This study examined the occurrences of stance markers in each rhetorical move within the Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion sections of forestry research articles. The corpus comprised 40 research articles randomly selected from five ISI journals in the forestry discipline. This study utilized Hyland’s (2005) model of academic interactions and Kanoksilapatham’s (2005) framework as analytical tools for identifying stance markers and the rhetorical structure of forestry research articles. The findings revealed differences in the distribution of these markers across the different sections and constituent rhetorical moves within the research articles. Overall, hedges and self-mentions emerged as the most prevalent stance markers in this study. Across sections, attitude markers and hedges predominated in the Introductions, while self-mentions and hedges were pervasively applied in the Methods sections. Boosters and attitude markers were common in the Results, and boosters along with self-mentions were notable in the Discussions. Finally, stance markers appear to play a fundamental role in shaping distinct argumentations across discourse communities, while effectively reflecting disciplinary voices.
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Review of: Plo-Alastrué, R. and Corona, I. (eds) (2023) Digital Scientific Communication: Identity and Visibility in Research Dissemination. Palgrave Macmillan. 330 pp. ISBN 978-3031382062
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This work paves the way for a new way of approaching the work of the modern “father of economic sciences,” Adam Smith (1723-1790), this time from a linguistic perspective. It is the intention of the author to identify in the vast list of scattered works of Adam Smith and to reveal his works with a philological character, to make a functional analysis of the discursive fact using a series of theoretical knowledge listed in this paper.
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The prevailing hallmark within contemporary paradigms of humanitarian research is anthropocentrism, characterized principally by its invocation of Homo Loquens, or "speaking man." Within this context, the scrutiny of discourse, which embodies the pivotal facet of human existence expressed through language, assumes a paramount role. It is not fortuitous that discursive linguistics has presently become an integral component of anthropocentric linguistics, introducing innovative methodologies for acquiring, describing, and interpreting linguistic materials. The discursive dimension mandates an examination of linguistic phenomena in conjunction with cultural-historical, socio-situational, and communicative-pragmatic attributes. The effective deployment of communicative strategies necessitates the utilization of rhetorical devices such as metaphor, analogy, epithet, anaphora, and the like. The integrated utilization of diverse linguistic resources undoubtedly amplifies the potency of language, which constitutes the primary objective in constructing the requisite persona of a political figure.
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This paper uses corpus data to analyse spoken expressions and discourse markers in Czech, applying these findings to corpus-based exercises for learners of Czech as a foreign language. The analytical section highlights the usefulness of parallel corpus in identifying suitable translation equivalents for prevalent Czech spoken vocabulary in English, French, and Polish as native languages from the learner’s perspective. The methodology outlines the process of finding appropriate translation equivalents in film subtitles, considering both meaning and spoken register. The pedagogical section introduces three corpus-based exercises designed to improve conversational skills, featuring authentic texts that familiarise learners with spoken vocabulary. This research builds on previous studies of the English language that did not use parallel corpora to identify translation equivalents in learners’ native languages — an essential factor for understanding a foreign language. In addition, tailor-made corpus-based exercises can be seamlessly integrated into everyday classroom activities to enhance language awareness among non-native speakers.
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The article presents a quantitative corpus-based study that aims to shed light on the frequency and distribution of reporting verbs (for instance, indicate, posit, etc.) associated with evidentiality that are found in research article abstracts (RAAs) in applied linguistics and applied psycholinguistics, respectively. Theoretically and methodologically, the study is informed by the literature (Söderqvist, 2020; Szczygłowska, 2022), which demonstrates that reporting verbs may mark evidentiality in scientific discourse. In order to establish the frequency of the occurrence of reporting verbs associated with evidentiality, a corpus of RAAs in applied linguistics and applied psycholinguistics was collected and, subsequently, analysed in software program AntConc version 4.0.11 (Anthony, 2022). The results of the quantitative analysis revealed that show and suggest were the most frequent reporting verbs associated with evidentiality in the corpus of RAAs in applied linguistics and applied psycholinguistics alike.
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Lexical association data is a valuable resource in psycholinguistics, providing researchers with empirical insights into which words are perceived as ‘belonging together’. One of the largest such datasets for English, the University of South Florida Free Association Norms database, is available freely online. The raw data format however requires some technical steps to tap into the potential it offers for network science, which can present a barrier for some researchers. This paper introduces a userfriendly command-line tool, fan_xplorr, that addresses this issue by providing linguists with access to the data. With the proposed tool, researchers can interactively display portions of the semantic network dataset in the form of interactive network graphs. The design of the tool enables linguists to access the dataset without advanced technical skills and promotes exploration within the dataset for psycholinguistic studies.
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Numerous disciplines emerged for interpreting and assessing the Qur’an, establishing the dogma of its incomparable text. Over time, an interpretative community coalesced around this axiom, shaping and expanding the discourse on the Qur’an’s inimitability. In parallel, a counter-discourse, termed in this paper as “the imitability of the Qur’an,” evolved, illustrating its genesis and the methods of its interpretative community. This discourse encompasses two manifestations: linguistic and stylistic imitation of the Qur’an and a critical approach viewing the Qur’an as a text that imitates others, raising uncertainties about its motives, authorship, originality, and authenticity.
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The relationship between language, culture, and cognition is a key aspect within the interdisciplinary feild of cultural linguistics research. It attempts to describe how language reflects and shows cultural norms, values, and beliefs, throught cognitive frameworks like conceptualization, schema, and categorization. Meanwhile, studies in cognitive linguistics also have shown that language is formed based on conceptualizations and schemas directly influenced by culture. This paper, in its theoretical section, reviews the key concepts of cultural linguistics and its background. Additionally, it presents a case study on the Persian language, aiming to examine the cultural conceptualizations of “politeness” and the cultural schema of Iranian compliment Ta’arof by reviewing and analysing various examples. The analysis indicates that selecting and using specific language features can serve as indicators of conceptualizations or of specific cognitive schemas rooted in culture, consequently confirming the notion that culture significantly shapes language.
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This paper discusses Alija Isakovic's commitment and contributions to the processes of reaffirmation Bosnian language within Serbo-Croatian linguistic unitarism in the second half of the 20th century. We have shown the historical context of the language policy and Isakovic's significant work for the selected theme. The focus of this paper is on the sociolinguistic text "Varijante na popravnom ispitu" and the lexicographic work Rječnik karakteristične leksike u bosanskome jeziku, which represents a kind of struggle for the specificity of the Bosnian variant and characteristic lexicon of Bosnian language in that linguistic norm. The results of Isakovic's work are noticeable in the Yugoslav period (partial change in the field of official language policy), but it's also noticeable in period of state independence when language policy was created based on Isaković's concepts.
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The article sheds light on the various types of disinformation which over the years have proved to become a real obstacle to sound decision making due to the fact it is more and more difficult to tell real content from fake. Therefore, the article presents definitions and explains clearly terms such as information and disinformation, misinformation and mal-information. Along with that, it zooms into information content stressing upon the characteristics in its variety - misleading, imposed, manipulated, and fabricated. Lastly, it also tackles parody and satire. Concrete examples explaining the differences in the fake information types are given for a greater clarity and better understanding of the phenomenon under discussion. Much of the overall discourse of "fake news" carrying false and/or distorted information connects to three concepts: misinformation, disinformation and malinformation. By misinformation we mean false information that those who spread it believe to be true. By disinformation we will define false information that those spreading it, know it is false. While under malinformation we will understand dishonest information that is based on reality, but is used to harm a person, organization, institution, even a country.
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The article offers a scholarly overview of the historical translations and reviews of the Bible from Greek sources. It lists the historical ancient manuscript translations that have become widely accepted canonical models, known as the “Biblical canon” in the translations of the Holy Scriptures. The tradition of these translations is with extremely wide boundaries in chronological and linguistic terms is of interest for understanding the origin and semantics of the modern Synodal translation of the Bible.
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The article traces the dynamics of several linguistic processes related to: the use of diminutive forms in contemporary Bulgarian language as dynamics and as a challenge of mastering these forms in Bulgarian language as a native and as a foreign language; the development of the grammatical category of definitiveness of the names of institutions, placing the emphasis on the vacillations of the literary requirement by means of the article morpheme to clearly underscore that a single referent is what is meant and this singleness is grammaticaly unfolded by using article morphemes; the processes of derflexivization of verbs like "be afraid of", "be ashamed‘ of, "smile", among others.
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