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El inútil de su hijo: La construcción [DET{det/demost} ADJ de PRON{pos} N] en espanol

Author(s): Maricel Esteban-Fonollosa / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 2/2023

The present study explores the construction [DET{det} ADJ of PRON{pos} N] in Spanish, the meaning of which has a valorative attributive character, generally of CRITICISM and INSULT with respect to the propositional content and is typical of a colloquial register. Constructional idioms are characterised by being semi-schematic constructions which have partially free gaps or slots which are not lexically saturated, as well as by their pragmatic component. The aim of the proposal is to offer a description of the productivity and cognitive fixation (entrenchment) of this construction according to the corpus results found. To this end, a morphological and lexical study of the actualisations of its slots will be undertaken, the first of which is adjectival and the second of which is composed of a nominal syntagm consisting of a possessive pronoun and a noun. Furthermore, the use of this construction in Spanish will be systematised and its peculiar structure will be described; it is composed of a definite article that acts as a head, followed by an adjective, which, rather than being the referential core, has an expressive, evaluative, and focalising value on the NP of the second part of the construction, preceded by the preposition de. The restrictions and preferences of its slots will also be described. This type of construction, which occupies an intermediate position in the lexico-grammatical continuum of the language system, has rarely been studied so far in the case of Spanish. The present study would fill this gap in research by implementing a corpus-based methodology.

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Особености при представянето на терминологичните единици в многотомния академичен Речник на българския език

Author(s): Sia Kolkovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article discusses the characteristics of the description of terminological units in the Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language. An important feature of the Dictionary is that it covers not only terms but also terminological lexis (verbs and adjectives). The Diction-ary contains various kinds of information about terminological units as determined by the lexicographic parameters specific to its microstructure, in a way that distinguishes their description from the one adopted in terminological dictionaries. The dictionary entries provide information about the grammatical features of terminological units, the antonyms of some terms, the origin of borrowed terms, among others.

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Лексикографският параметър комбинирана заглавка в двуезичен речник

Author(s): Tsvetelina Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

In this paper the term combined entry word is introduced, defined and used for the first time. After that, I go on to provide an analysis of the patterns of combined entry words described in the two Bulgarian-Serbian dictionaries published by Marin Mladenov. Finally, I outline some recommendations on the crafting of Bulgarian-foreign language dictionaries.

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Nomina loci с наставка -ниц(а) в българския език (продуктивна в миналото и днес)

Author(s): Diana K. Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Place names (nomina loci) in Bulgarian represent a very interesting research subject both in a diachronic and synchronic perspective. The word-formation type of the nouns derived by attaching the ending -ниц(а) or the extended suffixes -арниц(а), -ачниц(а), -илниц(а), -джийниц(а)/-чийниц(а) to designate the places where the activity or occupation denoted by the motivating verb is performed or exercised (or the places/homes where the entities denoted by the motivating noun are stored), is represented by a significant number of substantives. This group of derivatives clearly reflects the dynamics of the language as observed in the transition of words from the active to the passive lexical layer, the revival of lexical items belonging to the passive lexis, the emergence of neologisms following the established derivational patterns, the development of neosemantics, the proprialisation resulting in the formation of firmonyms. A recent phenomenon attested in the language has been the incorporation of nomina loci into the internet space: without actually existing, these places perform similar functions to their physical counterparts. The suffixes under discussion are used in the derivation of both simple and compound substantives. The empirical material confirms the productivity of the ending -ниц(а) in contemporary Bulgarian.

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Из историята на създаването в Полша на Съвременен българско-полски речник

Author(s): Joanna Satoła-Staśkowiak / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The rapid development of the Bulgarian and Polish lexis after 2000 and the lack of up-to-date Bulgarian-Polish dictionaries at that time inspired Joanna Satoła-Staśkowiak and Violetta Koseska-Toszewa to embark on the compilation of a Bulgarian-Polish dictionary that would reflect the trends and phenomena observed in the contemporary language. In preparing the lexical material, the two researchers used electronic language corpora developed by teams of which they were a part. Drawing on their previous experience in comparative (including semantic) studies of Bulgarian and Polish, the authors focused on creating an entirely new dictionary based on an original methodology of lexicographic description. In the process of compiling the dictionary entries, various issues related to the differentiation of lexical units and their grammatical and semantic characteristics had to be solved. The first volume of the Contemporary Bulgarian-Polish Dictionary was published at the end of 2014. This is the second major Bulgarian-Polish dictionary to be printed in Poland. It comes 51 years after the publication of the first bilingual Bulgarian-Polish dictionary by Franciszek Sławski in 1963. The last edition of Sławski’s dictionary (co-authored by Sabina Radeva) titled A Supplemented Handy Bulgarian-Polish Diction-ary was published in 1987, and much of the material in it is now outdated. The Contemporary Bulgarian-Polish Dictionary by J. Satoła-Staśkowiak and V. Koseska-Toszewa is intended for lecturers, Slavicists and students of Bulgarian or Polish as a foreign language, as well as for a wider readership interested in these languages. The article outlines the main qualities of this lexicographic work, discussing its history and methodological foundations and the approach adopted to the representation of contemporary vocabulary.

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Лексикографски параметри на двуезичен речник

Author(s): Nadezhda Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

In the article I address some issues of the construction of a bilingual dictionary. I examine the lexicographic problems and solutions with respect to the macro- and microstructure of such a dictionary and comment on the lexicographic parameters of a specific one, the Bulgarian-Croatian dictionary. The conceptual framework adopted in the crafting of each dictionary specifies the main lexicographic parameters and the ways in which they are implemented. In conclusion, I provide a systematic account of the interaction among the parameters of a bilingual dictionary.

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За дублетните форми на числителните редни имена

Author(s): Vladko Murdarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The forms of the ordinal numerals have not been the subject of a dedicated study. It is therefore essential to pay attention to the doublet forms of ordinals, which have coexisted in standard literary Bulgarian over the past forty years.

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За някои колебания при употребата на съставни числителни

Author(s): Alexander Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The text addresses some cases of variation in the use of compound numerals: the definite form of the numerals ending in един (‘one’), gender agreement between compound numerals and the nouns they modify, the placement of the conjunction и (‘and’) in connecting the components of compound numerals.

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Студии по терминология

Author(s): Maria Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

This review presents a collection of three studies dedicated to current issues in terminological theory and practice. The collection is notable for its current relevance and theoretical depth, as well as for its focus on practical problems.

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Надка Николова, Диана Иванова, Кина Вачкова, Мийрям Салим. Писмовниците на Българското възраждане като източник за формирането и функционирането на книжовния език. Том 1. Том 2.

Author(s): Tatyana Aleksandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The book consists of 14 studies arranged according to the chronological order of the publication of the 14 letter-writing manuals discussed in them, which appeared between the 1830s and the 1870s.

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Използването на изкуствен интелект в преподаването на български като чужд

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Използването на изкуствен интелект в преподаването на български като чужд

Author(s): Antonia Radkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article explores the possibilities of using artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT and Bing, in the practice of teaching Bulgarian as a foreign language. The text introduces the principles of how these two platforms operate and provides practical suggestions for creating materials for Bulgarian language lessons. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using these platforms and offers options for generating texts, modifying texts, creating exercises, and formulating tasks.

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Реґіональна ойконімія в історико-етимологічному висвітленні

Author(s): Jarosław Redkwa / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 12/2012

The article analyses Ukrainian-Romani (Romanian) influences in the toponyms of Northern Bukovina against the background of rich interlingual exchange in the region. These influences are most prominent in translated place names, their morphological adaptations, parallel existence of multilingual names as well as etymology and lexical changes.

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Редукция на неударените гласни в съвременния български книжовен език: съпоставка на общоприети възгледи с корпусни данни

Author(s): Mitko Sabev,Bistra Andreeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

Bulgarian is often cited in phonological work for its vowel reduction, with the assumption that the six-vowel stressed inventory, /ɛ, a, ɔ, i, ɤ, u/, shrinks to a sub-inventory of three contrastive vowels in unstressed position, /i, ɤ, u/, by virtue of /ɛ, a, ɔ/ raising and merging with /i, ɤ, u/, respectively. The literature in Bulgarian, on the other hand, maintains that /ɛ–i/ do not merge in Standard Bulgarian; that unstressed vowels are more open in immediately pretonic syllables than elsewhere; that unstressed high vowels are lowered, while nonhigh vowels are raised; and that reduction is strongest in /a/. These claims have been challenged in recent work, and we present a new investigation based on 11 615 vowel tokens from 140 speakers in the BulPhonC speech corpus. MANOVA and LMM results provide clear evidence that there is no unstressed high-vowel lowering, no difference between pretonic vs other unstressed vowels, and that unstressed /a–ɤ/ and /ɔ–u/ merge completely through the raising of /a/ and /ɔ/ to [ɤ] and [u], respectively. At the same time, unstressed /ɛ–i/ remain spectrally distinct.

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Не какъв да е мелодичен контур: влияние на прозодията върху семантиката на неопределителните местоимения от типа който и да е

Author(s): Denitsa Dimitrova,Laska Laskova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

This study aims to address a debated question concerning the influence of emphatic stress on the semantics of koyto i da e indefinite pronouns (IPs). The meaning of this class of IPs is often analyzed in comparison to the meaning of the class of koy da e IPs. In contrastive context koyto i da e forms imply absolute randomness in the selection of an element from a given set, while koy da e forms imply selection from a subset of elements of low and medium value. It is assumed that such a contrast is created in negative sentences. Some authors argue that in this type of context IPs from both classes are not interchangeable, while others suggest that placing emphatic stress on koyto i da e aligns its semantics with koy da e. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a survey in which respondents were asked to determine the semantics of nine structurally identical sentences containing koyto i da e indefinite pronouns, differing only in their prosodic contour (emphatic or non-emphatic).The article begins with a review of approaches to modeling the semantics of both types of indefinite pronouns and the role of negation and emphasis. Attention is given to the difference in expressive strength between written and spoken language and its impact. Subsequently, we present the survey, along with the obtained results and their interpretation.

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BAC, U KRY! Space, Albanian Commemoration and the Gheg Variety as a Linguistic Symbol of State Independence in Postwar Kosovo

Author(s): Uranela Demaj,Aida Alla / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2023

This paper investigates the reconstruction of Albanian identity in Kosovo after the region’s transformation to state independence in 2008. The cultural environment emerged as a site of ethnic appropriation and contestation in the longstanding interethnic struggles between the Albanians and the Serbs. The study examines the socio-symbolic and linguistic manifestations of national identity in Pristina, the capital city of Kosovo, through the lens of Linguistic Landscape Studies. The first aspect of the study investigates M. Theresa Boulevard, the central promenade of the city and a site of memory and commemoration, to highlight how the period of South Slavic hegemony in Kosovo and the recent interethnic war resulted in a redefinition of Albanian identity. The second aspect of the study focuses on the written manifestation of the Gheg variety of Albanian as a symbol of Kosovo’s independence. Through this dual focus on memory and language, the study aims to arrive at an understanding of how new national and political self-identifications are shaped in contexts that have undergone ethno-political conflicts and socio-political shifts. We argue that the symbolic configuration of Kosovo suggests a redefinition of Kosovo-based Albanian identity following the transformation to state independence. The study contributes to an understanding of the multi-layered redefinition of Albanian identity in Kosovo, calling attention to language and memory in the process of constructing national identities in postwar contexts.

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Подчинените подложни изречения в рекламната комуникация

Author(s): Bilyana Radeva-Gezenchova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

The article examines subordinate subject clauses introduced with the conjunction да in advertising texts. Attention is paid to what determines the position of the subordinate clause in relation to the main one. The cases where the subordinate clause comes before the main clause are considered, as well as the cases where the subordinate clause comes after the main clause.

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Вокални жестове и междуметия като част от речевия портрет на персонажите в български анимационни филми

Author(s): Krasimira Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

Initial ideas for a multi-aspect analysis of vocal gestures (as an indication of a physiological reaction) and interjections (as linguistic signs) in the Bulgarian language on material from Bulgarian cartoons (The Three Fools by D. Donev) are presented. Intonational layout, gestural accompaniment, context and situational conditioning help to identify the meaning and disambiguate vocal gestures. Cartoons are used as an analogue of the multimodal Russian corpus as a source of illustrative examples. E. I. Grishina's methodology for describing vocal gestures in the Russian language and the possibilities of its application for the analysis of similar units in Bulgarian cartoons are examined. A classification of verbal gestures is presented, consisting of three groups: 1) exclamations, 2) interjections, 3) particles. Examples from cartoons can be used as illustrative material. They have a significant hitherto unused research, scientific-applied, linguistic didactic potential.

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Руско-българските паралели при превода на лексиката със значението ‘разделяне’ (върху материалите на паралелния двуезичен корпус)

Author(s): Irina Aleksandrovna Sedakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

The paper aims to verify the results of the author’s previous studies of the semantics, semiotics and usage of the lexis denoting ‘separation’ in Russian and Bulgarian languages on the materials of the parallel corpus. The analysis confirms that the most frequent equivalent pair is the Russian lexis, originating from sta- and the Bulgarian lexis from děl-. The words depicting the semiotics of separation and being apart (verbs of motion, of physical splitting, lack of sight contact, etc.) in the target language and the original language are characterized. The specific of the Bulgarian and Russian etiquette formulae as they appear in the corpus are outlined.

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Фонологични процеси в усвояването на плавните съгласни р и л от деца, овладяващи славянски езици (по данни на проф. д-р Иван Георгов и съвременни данни)

Author(s): Yuliana Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

The report is devoted to phonological processes in the acquisition of liquid consonants r and l in early childhood (up to 3 years) by children learning Slavic languages. The starting point of this research is a publication by Prof. Dr. Ivan Georgov from the beginning of the last century (1913). The thesis of the Bulgarian researcher was that up to the age of three, children mastering Slavic languages regularly replace r with l in certain phonological positions due to their similar place of articulation (both are alveolar, differing only in the manner of articulation: r is vibrant, whereas l is lateral). The report com-pares Georgov's Bulgarian data with contemporary empirical material: contemporary Bulgarian data excerpted from author’s own corpus as well as Polish and Russian data taken from the CHILDES international database). The results point to two main strategies in the acquisition of the vibrant consonant r by children speaking the three Slavic languages: First, a dominant substitution of r with l. This strategy was followed by the Polish children (thus emphasizing the relevance of the conclusions made by Georgov more than a century ago). Second, dominant elision of р (r) along with limited cases of substitution by means of л (l) and (or) й (y). This strategy was followed by the Bulgarian children from the author’s contemporary corpus and by the Russian subject. The differences in the two strategies are explained in the light of the changes in our language over the last decades.

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За употребата на знаци за съгласна /j/ и палатализираност при предаването на шведски имена на български език: предписания и фактически тенденции в преводаческата практика

Author(s): Vladimir Naydenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

The article examines the variation in the use of graphical designations of the consonant /j/ and palatalisation (<й>, <ь>, <ю> и <я>) in transcriptions of Swedish names into Bulgarian, on the one hand, according to prescriptions published since the 1970s for Swedish (by I. Duridanov in 1974, P. Stoyanov in 1982, and Ordinance No. 6 of 12 June 1995) and for foreign languages in general (by L. Andreychin in 1974, Grammar of the Modern Bulgarian Literary Language in 1983, and the Official Orthographic Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language in 2012), and on the other – in actual translators’ practice as observed in examined publications from the late 1960s to the present day. The variation encompasses, above all, the rendition of: 1. the allophones [ʉ̟ː] and [ɵ] of the Swedish phoneme /ʉ/; 2. the Swedish phonemes /y/ and /ø/, above all in positions after consonants transcribed into Bulgarian with <ш> and <ч>; 3. the Swedish consonant /ʝ/ after another consonant, especially before a consonant transcribed with <е>, word-finally and initially in a non-first member of a compound; 4. sequences of a vow-el rendered with <и> or <е> and a vowel rendered with <а>. In spite of significant vacillations and inconsistencies the predominating approaches to case 1 and 2 are the ones recommended by P. Stoyanov and Ordinance No. 6. With respect to word-final /ʝ/ observance of the prescription found in Ordinance No. 6 becomes more common in the 2010s, but remains less usual than the traditional rendition recommended by I. Duridanov. With respect to case 3 and 4 the variation remains significant.

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