Указатели названий и инципитов разделов и глав славянских списков Откровения Иоанна Богослова как поисковый аппарат и основа для изучения редакций текста

Author(s): Vera Podkovyrova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 18/2018

The article is devoted to the research of the Revelation of John the Theologian text editions. The main source of this aspect of text study is the peculiarity of the text structure: names, intsipits, explicites. The features of the three known scientific editions of the Apocalypse are determined and presented in the table. The methods of work on revealing these signs is described.

Иерархическая модель гимнографической терминологии: дигитальное приложение

Author(s): Regina Kojčeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 18/2018

The article provides metadata on the descriptions of hymnographic terms exposed on the Scripta Bulgarica electronic portal (http://www.scripta-bulgarica.eu). The purpose of the analysis is to take the first step towards building a detailed digital ontology of all hymnographic terminology for the needs of specialized web products. All the hymnographic concepts included in the portal are arranged in a hierarchical system which comprises as well some of the most closely related concepts of other kinds (generally liturgical and literary). The selection of terms involves several of the basic musical and musicological hymnographic concepts too, but focuses on the verbal side of the chants. The proposed hierarchical model is based on two types of relationships: category/subcategory and whole/part, the second of which ranks the hymnographic terminology in five levels from the highest (Books) to the lowest (Genre components).

Название и самоназвание в номинативных комплексах рукописных книг XIV–XIX веков (на материале Отдела рукописей Российской государственной библиотеки)

Author(s): Marina Krutova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 18/2018

The article defines the concepts related to the naming of written monuments in the Slavonic-Russian manuscript tradition. The definitions of basic concepts: name, self, complex nominative, nominative unit. Identified the causes, the appearance of names in different parts of the same manuscript books associated with the execution name and the self of different functions: nominative, informative, hermeneutics, didactic, testoobraznaja, aesthetic. A comparison of the concepts of title and self-title on the example of handwritten books stored in the manuscript Department of the Russian state library, the Fund of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. It is revealed that the self-name is more extensive and informative than the name, but the name, in turn, differs in structural and semantic variability. Variability of names in the composition of nominative complexes is characterized.

Проложные жития в средневековой южнославянской книжности

Author(s): Radoslava Stankova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 18/2018

The article deals with the review of prologue vitae (sinaxariа), which are short hagiographic (narrative) texts for saints and festivals, which are contained in two calendar liturgical books – Prologue and Menaia. They are founded in the composition of two types of hagiographic sinaxaria, in the Slavic literature called Simple and Verse Prologue. The first is distinguished by the verses (the two- or the three-verses), written before the sinaxaria vitae. A comparison is made between the prologue vitae from the Simple and the Verse Prologue of three popular Christian saints – George, Demetrius, Nicholas. To them are added the vitae from the Simple and the Verse Prologue for St Petka (Parasceve of Epibatae), St Ivan Rilski (John of Rila) and St Simeon and Sava (of Serbia) – emblematic South Slavic saints.

Textological Notes on De Christo et Antichristo by Hippolytus of Rome in the Greek and Slavonic Manuscript Tradition

Author(s): Ivan I. Iliev / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2018

The article has two main focuses – first, it follows the most significant and important Antichrist myth researches, and secondly, the Greek tradition of De Christo et Antichristo by Hippolytus of Rome and the Slavonic versions of the text. The Slavonic witnesses are examined according to their omissions, additions, grammatical and morphological variations, and also some of the changes in the Bible quotations are highlighted. This work does not pretend to present new information on the Greek sources but to demonstrate how important the Slavonic translation is to the interpretation of the Greek original. The most interesting results are pointed out in the relation with the Greek text itself, where the proximity between the Greek fragment of Meteora Monastery 573 and the Slavonic tradition is presented.

Апокрифический цикл об Аврааме в славянских сборниках смешанного содержания и в поэме Георгиоса Хумноса. (К вопросу о рецепции Исторической Палеи)

Author(s): Vadim Wittkovsky,Maria Vitkovskaja / Language(s): Russian Issue: 18/2018

The Historical Palaea was composed in Greek (approximately in the 9th century) and found a broad reception in the Slavic world. The text was not only translated more than one time into Slavonic but also reworked in such texts as the apocryphal cycle of Abraham contained in many Southern Slavonic miscellanies. The reception in the Byzantine realm was probably more limited but there is at least one important exception: a poem written in the 2nd half of the 15th century by a Cretan Georgios Chumnos. A comparison between the cycle of Abraham and the relevant part of this poem (verses 579 to 1348) shows that there are many agreements between the cycle of Abraham and Chumnos against the text of the Historical Palaea as their common Vorlage (story of Melchizedek told through direct speech; omission of circumcision of Isaac and death of Sarah; inclusion of death of Abraham omitted in the Palaea; omission of several allusions to the New Testament and many other affinities). The article deals with the question about possible explanations of some of these – partly astonishing – similarities between the texts of two different traditions.

Daily Life and Religion: The Vienna Euchologia Project

Author(s): Eirini Afentoulidou / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2018

The study of the Euchologia (singular: Euchologion), the prayer books to be used by the clergy, has long been neglected by medieval historians. This is beginning to change, as more and more scholars discover the potential of the Euchologia as a source for social history. Indeed, Euchologia contain besides Eucharistic and sacramental liturgies also prayers for various occasions of the daily life of women, men and children from various strata of society and every geographical region of the Byzantine world. Thus, the Euchologia offer a different perspective than most Byzantine written sources, which concentrate on urban, male, often ordained elites. In 2015 a new research project dedicated to the study of Euchologia was initiated at the Division of Byzantine Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. The project seeks to study Greek-language Euchologia copied up to the year 1650 and the prayers they contain.

Recognizing Handwritten Text in Slavic Manuscripts: a Neural-Network Approach Using Transkribus

Author(s): Achim Rabus / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2019

The paper discusses the automatic text recognition capabilities of neural network models specifically trained to recognize different styles of Church Slavonic handwriting within the software platform Transkribus. Computed character error rates of the models are in the range of 3 to 5 percent; real-life performance shows that specifically trained models, by and large, recognize simple (non-superscript) characters correctly most of the time. The error rate is higher with superscript letters, abbreviations, and word separation. Combined models consisting of training data from different sources are capable of transcribing different styles of Slavic handwriting with low error rates. Automatic text recognition using Transkribus and the models presented in this paper can help improve the efficiency of the process of digitizing Church Slavonic manuscripts and thus boost the number of digitized sources available in the future.

Texts of corpus of Russian dialects of Udmurtia as a source of linguistic and culturological information

Author(s): Ekaterina Anatolyevna Zhdanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 21/2021

The corpus of Russian dialects of Udmurtia, created on the platform of the linguistic and geographical information system (LGIS) “Dialect” (URL: http://dialect.manuscripts.ru/), contains recordings of oral speech of residents of 166 localities of the Udmurt Republic in the 1970s–1990s. The texts are presented mainly in the form of scanned copies of the pages of notebooks, in which transcription of the conversations of the collectors with the informants is given. There are 9300 scanned copies of pages, all records are certified. The existing markup provides the creation of token samples and visualization of contexts at the user’s request (http://dialect.manuscripts.ru/Lexical/FindQuestPage), which allows us to analyze the features of the lexical composition, as well as some phonetic and grammatical features of the Russian dialects of Udmurtia. Dialect words from texts of the corpus can be mapped in lexical, word building and semantic maps of Russian dialects of Udmurtia. At present, the texts of the corpus are available in the public domain http://manuscripts.ru/dialect-test/notebooks. Recordings of dialect speech can serve as a source of non-linguistic information, namely about historical events and personalities, material and spiritual culture, customs and traditions of the local population, national composition and interethnic relations in Udmurtia of the 20th century. In the paper examples of texts of the corpus in Russian transcription with all lexical, phonetic and grammatical features of dialects, information about speakers, time and places of recordings are given.

A Bilingual Digital Edition of La Belle et la Bête and its Russian Translation by Kh. Demidova

Author(s): Alexei Lavrentiev,Liubov Kurysheva / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2021

This paper presents a digital edition of the manuscript of the first Russian translation of Leprince de Beaumont’s The Beauty and the Beast fairy tale (1756), aligned to its French original. The translation was made in 1758 by a twelve year-old girl, Khionia Demidova (1746-1792), and dedicated to her elder brother. Its original manuscript is conserved at the scientific library of Saratov State University (no. 456). This document is interesting from several points of view: the “naive” translation made by a young girl allows us to understand how the French literature was perceived in the 18th century Russia, what aspects of the French language and socio-cultural phenomena of the Western Europe were difficult to understand, and how the socio-cultural phenomena of the Western Europe were perceived. The peculiarities of Khionia’s spelling and punctuation provide data on her knowledge of Russian grammar and orthography. The digital edition includes a multi-layer transcription of the source document aligned with a digital fac-simile and the original French text. It is published online on the TXM-IHRIM web portal (https://txm-ihrim.huma-num.fr). The workflow of the edition Microsoft Word, Oxgarage and TXM may be reused for similar editions and text corpora.

Serbian Early Printed Books from Venice: Creating Models for Automatic Text Recognition Using Transkribus

Author(s): Vladimir Polomac / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2022

The paper describes the process of creating a model for the automatic recognition of Serbian Church Slavonic printed books from Venice (from Božidar and Vincenzo Vuković’s printery) by using the Transkribus software platform, based on the principles of artificial intelligence and machine learning. By using the example of Prayer Book (Euchologion) (1538–1540) from Božidar Vuković’s printery, it has been shown that a successful model for the automatic recognition of individual books (with around 5% of unrecognized characters) can also be trained on the material consisting of approximately 4000 words, and that the increased amount of training material (in our case around 38000 words) leads to the improvement of the model and reduced error rate (between 1–2% of unrecognized characters). The most notable result of the paper is manifested through the creation of a generic model for the automatic text recognition of Serbian Church Slavonic books from Božidar and Vincenzo Vuković’s printery. The initial version of the generic model (called Dionisio 1.0. by the Božidar Vuković’s Italian pseudonym – Dionisio della Vecchia) is the first resource for the automatic recognition of the Serbian medieval Cyrillic script, publicly available to all users of the Transkribus software platform (see https://readcoop.eu/model/dionisio-1-0/).

Parkosz’s Treatise from a Typographic Point of View

Author(s): Janusz S. Bień / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2022

The 15th century Latin manuscript containing a treatise by Parkosz was the very first proposal of Polish spelling. To account for all the phonemes of Polish some new letters were proposed, which are not available in the present day fonts. This makes difficult to quote the proposal when discussing the history of Polish spelling. The paper describes the transliteration proposed by the author which used the characters available in the Unicode standard. The ultimate solution is of course creating a specialized font and the paper mentions some aspects of this task.

Conference “Book and Script. Tradition and Modernity,” April, 8-9, 2022, Sofia

Author(s): Stefan Peev / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2022

The article provides a thorough review of the presented authors and reports during the scientific conference “Book and Script. Tradition and Modernity”. The scientific conference held on the 8th and 9th of April, 2022, is the first attempt of its kind for an interdisciplinary approach to examine the development of books and scripts from a historical and theoretical aspect. Twenty four papers were presented during the conference from the following institutions: Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, National Academy of Arts, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Southwestern University “Neofit Rilski”, UniBit (University of Library Science and Information Technology), New Bulgarian University, Institute of Bulgarian Language at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, National Library “St. Cyril and Methodius”, Regional Library “P. Pavlovich” (Silistra), University of Zurich, Typeflow (Rijeka). The main topics during the conference were the script origin among Bulgarians; the early Slavic printed books; scripts and manuscripts; the Revival book and its characteristics; books and fonts in modern times; libraries, books and modern approaches in describing them. There was a general consensus that the interdisciplinary approach opens up new fields and horizons for research in the field of books and scripts.

The Two Witnesses of the Letter of Patriarch Callistus to Theodosius of Tărnovo. (Philological Reading)

Author(s): Anna-Maria Totomanova / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2022

The paper includes the edition of the recently discovered second witness of the Letter of Patriarch Callistus to the Bulgarian spiritual leader Theodosius of Tǎrnovo and his associate Romanus (RGB, f. 98, Egorov N 274). The edition is accompanied by variant readings taken from Syrku’s edition of the text found in RNB, F I 211, which has been the only known witness of the document for more than a century. Both witnesses have a western Russian provenance and date to the second half of the 15th c. (the new one has recently been dated to the last quarter of the 15th c.). The witnesses were compared in terms of orthography, grammar and lexis in order to establish their connection to a supposed Bulgarian original. The detailed philological analysis allows us to conclude that though both witnesses show significant traces of the Second Slavic influence on Russian literature, the two scribes introduced the innovations in different ways and to a different extent. Taking all this into account we dare to suppose that both witnesses descend rather from an earlier copy-mediator with Russian spelling features than directly from a Middle Bulgarian original.

„Видинская“ служба святой Параскеве-Петке Эпиватской и ее русская редакция

Author(s): Radoslava Stankova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 22/2022

The article compares the text of the „Vidin“ service for St. Petka Tărnovska (Paraskevi of Epivates), featuring a canon for the eighth mode, and the text of the Saint’s service known by three Russian copies in 16th–17th-c. manuscripts from the Trinity–Sergius Lavra. The main peculiarities of the 15 known South Slavonic transcripts of the „Vidin“ service (14th–17th cc.) are analyzied and there are underlined the main stages in the development of the text. It is concluded that the Russian copies are closest in composition and structure to the earliest Bulgarian copy in the 14th-c. manuscript Sinai 25, with added stichera and glories, known from Serbian copies from the 15th–16th cc., and a new kondakion. The Russian copies show that the „Vidin“ service was early included in Russian liturgical practice. It can be assumed that it was done by Gregory Tsamblak who introdusted the cult of Petka Tărnovska to the Orthodox Christian population in the northeastern Slavic lands. The Russian edition of the service for the Venerable Paraskevi-Petka from Epivates, preserved in a 1645 printed menaion, again from the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, contains in addition to the canon for the eighth mode a different canon for the sixth mode (instead of the canon for the sixth mode known by the Menaion of Dragan). The new six-mode composition was created in the 17th c. by adding, reworking and adapting other texts, as shown by its distinction from the 16th-17th-c. Cyrillic copies originating from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Wege zur verbesserten automatischen Annotation des mittelbulgarischen Kirchenslawischen

Author(s): Fabio Maion / Language(s): German Issue: 22/2022

The last decade has brought an upswing in research on natural language processing. However, it is well known that historical language stages are largely underrepresented. Middle Bulgarian Church Slavonic, a language variety with a significant literary productivity, is a prime example. In the current paper, it is shown how annotated texts of related language varieties can be used to annotate texts written in Middle Bulgarian Church Slavonic, such as the 14th-century translation of the Dioptra. In particular, I present a way of adapting the available training data and of reducing the differences between training and test data, thereby improving the result of the automatic morphological annotation. Moreover, it is demonstrated that a comparison with the original work, written in Byzantine Greek, can further increase the results of the annotation by carefully disambiguating homonymous word forms. The presented results can benefit research on Middle Bulgarian Church Slavonic as it shows how texts in this variety can be annotated without authentic training data. The proposed method may be of use not only for Slavonic Studies, however. The method of using training data from genetically related language varieties in combination with translations may be used to annotate other underrepresented language varieties as well.

The current Bulgarian-Austrian project on the investigations of the manuscript Zograf No. 105 and its fragment No. 3070

Author(s): Anissava Miltenova / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2023

PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF THE CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR "TIME IS A VALUABLE COMMODITY" IN SERBIAN AND ENGLISH

Author(s): Nina Manojlović / Language(s): English Issue: 81/2023

The conceptual metaphor time is money/ (valuable) commodity is considered to be fairly new and its origins are a matter of debate. Some researchers believe that cultural changes brought about this particular conceptualization, while others claim that the inherent finiteness of time is the basis for viewing time as something valuable. The aim of this paper is to examine the pragmatic aspects of concretizations of the said metaphor in Serbian and English. Namely we aim to investigate, within the framework of cognitive-inferential pragmatics, the possibility of certain expressions being an instance of descriptive and/or interpretative use of language. The theoretical framework is relevance theory and two approaches to metaphoric expressions taken into account are explicature analysis and modified explicature analysis. The analysis comprises examples of conceptual metaphors time is a (limited) resource (since we believe it serves as a basis for further elaboration and profiling value when it comes to mapping on the examined target domain) and time is a valuable commodity with special attention dedicated to examples of the conceptual metaphor time is money. The results show that speakers of English and Serbian conceptualize time in a similar way when it comes to the source domains resource and valuable commodity (attested metaphors include time has a price, time is for sale, etc.). When it comes to the pragmatic aspects of our analysis, the results point to the adequacy of both interpretative and descriptive approach to the interpretation of metaphoric expressions, depending on the entrenchment and routinization of an expression.

EXAMINING SERBIAN EFL LEARNERS’ METAPHORIC COMPETENCE: METAPHOR IDENTIFICATION AND TRANSLATION

Author(s): Tamara Janevska / Language(s): English Issue: 81/2023

The paper presents the results of a study devoted to the examination of students’ metaphoric competence. The participants received no precoding training, or structured metaphorical in- put. The study was based on The Economist’s climate change coverage, a film titled “Climate change technology: Is shading the earth too risky?”, which was a part of an English composition assignment. We transcribed the oral data and, following the MIPVU (Steen 2010), identified sentences which contained at least one lexical unit that was metaphorically used. The students were asked to complete a questionnaire that was organized in accordance with our research goals. Namely, our study tested the students’ ability to distinguish between metaphorical and literal meaning in order to check their intuitions about what constitutes a metaphor. They were also asked to translate the given sentences into Serbian so that we could examine how they deal with metaphor in translation. The results suggest that the differences in translation are caused by the availability of the conventionalized metaphorical senses across the SL and TL lexicon. The research offered insight into students’ metaphoric competence prior to any exposure to Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff, Johnson 1980), which could be contrasted with the results obtained after a structured metaphorical input.

Aspects de l’écriture de la différence dans quelques textes de Abdelkébir Khatibi : identité plurielle, pensée-autre, bi-langue et extranéité

Author(s): Loubna Dirhoussi,Mohamed El Bouazzaoui / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2023

This article seeks to analyse some aspects and modalities of the writing of surpassing, in Abdelkébir Khatibi, a Moroccan sociologist and writer. On the basis of a corpus of texts by the author (essays and works of fiction), it will be shown that Abdelkébir Khatibi gives a new dynamic to Maghrebian literature by contributing to the themes of the decentring and deterritorialisation of Moroccan being. The aim is to see how writing is a place of contemporary questioning close to those raised in postcolonial studies. Thus, it will first deal with the author's representation of identity and expose the criticisms that he addresses of the identity huis-clos in the East and logocentrism in the West. Then the focus will shift to the notion of bi-language as a decentring of the idea of a unitary 'one' in Khatibi's thought. At this level, the extent to which bi-language, like the thought-other, is part of the author's double critique of the doxa, of the Arab cultural heritage and of the Western episteme, will be shown. On the other hand, the narration of bi-language in the novel Amour bilingue will be dealt with. Finally, foreignness as a quest for the Other and an unconditional opening to interculturality will be analysed.