Українські і польські лінгвокультурологічні комунікативні паралелі

Author(s): Lubov Matsko,Oksana Matsko / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 5/2018

Language in human civilization as a part of political, cultural and social life is an irreplaceable communicator. Ethnically language expresses facts, events, people and time. It saves and transports stylistic phenomena of language with new thinking constructs of vision, with traditional and original stylistics of folk and literary speech. This peculiarity of language is manifested in its linguistic cultures – the linguistic conceptualization signs (units) of creative, cultural content in broad sense, cultural phenomena, cultural notions and nominations, knowledge of ideologies, individuals, events, facts and epochs. The existing state of cultural consciousness includes, in addition to the modern ideologues, the inheritance of social, aesthetic and ethical culture of the previous ages of the ethnos development. It is displayed in verbal codes in the form of lexical-grammatical semantics of linguistic units of all speech levels: phonosemantics, lexicology, phraseology, grammar, word formation, syntax, linguistic, linguistic communication, text formation, linguoculture. Purpose. The aspirations of the authors to show language communication and cultural cooperation of Polish and Ukrainian scientific figures of culture in the past for the benefit of our nations, to motivate younger generation to a common cultural work have been the subjects of our linguistic style study. Methods. The descriptive method makes it possible to carry out a description of the textual material; historical and philological commentary explains the philological sense in the historical context; with the help of linguistic and linguocultural analysis of literary texts, we define stylistics and linguocultures that have a conceptual value in the studied samples. Results. The general conclusion may be the fact of the recognition of the extremely important role of numerical inter-language and intercultural contacts between Ukrainians and Poles in the past and the projections of their future development. In today's turbulent world, which is undergoing regular attacks in an undeclared information war, friendly contacts and mutual understanding between our peoples depend to a large extent on knowledge and appreciation of the road of understanding they have gone through. Polish-Ukrainian relations have been experiencing different, more and less successful periods, but in the perspective of the historical development of the two modern European powers, bright future based on mutual understanding, mutual respect and mutual assistance is seen – this implies future directions of research.

Українськомовне дитяче радіо як осередок формування конвергентного інклюзивного медіапростору

Author(s): Tetjana Girina / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: XIII/2017

The article deals with the processes of transformation of children’s radio programs towards the formation of the system of inclusive media space. The types of content, topics, levels of convergence of specialized radio content for informational needs of younger radio listeners are outlined.У статті досліджено процеси трансформації дитячих радіопрограм у напрямку до формування системи інклюзивного медіапростору. Окреслено типи контенту, тематику, рівні конвергенції спеціалізованого радіоконтенту для задоволення інформаційних потреб молодших радіослухачів.

УЛОГА ИНФЕРЕНЦИЈАЛНИХ ПРОЦЕСА У ЕКСПЛИЦИТНОЈ КОМУНИКАЦИЈИ НОВИНСКИХ НАСЛОВА

Author(s): Milica S. Bacić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 62/2017

Considering written communication one must posit the question of whether the author’s intended meaning can be interpreted from the linguistically encoded meanings of the words used. Working within the relevance-theoretic framework, we examine the underdeterminacy thesis, according to which there is a gap between word meaning and meaning in use. In interpreting the author’s explicitly communicated meaning, the reader’s pragmatic processor bridges the gap by employing certain inferential processes which are motivated by an overall search for relevance in the specific context of communication. The research presented here is based on an analysis of five distinct processes (i.e. disambiguation, reference assignment, saturation, free pragmatic enrichment, and ad hoc concept formation) at work in newspaper headlines from Serbian daily press. Basing our findings on qualitative analysis of the headlines, we conclude that the workings of each of the inferential processes can be easily traced in many examples, and that some of the headlines even show the application of two such processes. This implies that the inferential processes are not entirely independent, but actually interconnected aspects of a single function of the pragmatic processor. In accordance with that, this paper is aimed at presenting how inferential pragmatics can be adequately applied to actual instances of written communication.

Унгаристиката в чуждестранните университети и статутът в Университета „Коменски“ в Братислава

Author(s): Katarina Misadová / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2020

The present paper addresses issues of teaching Hungarian language and culture outside of Hungary, with special attention to Comenius University in Bratislava. In the first part of the paper, the author overviews the historical aspects of teaching the Hungarian language and Hungarian studies and describes the multifaceted nature of the work of visiting instructors in this field as well as the processes of cultural diplomacy that underlie it. The second part of the paper provides an insight into the work and special tasks of the visiting instructors from Hungary working at the Department of Hungarian Language and Literature, Comenius University, from the founding of the department to the present.

Универсалност и игрови характер на приказното произведение. Рецепция

Author(s): Rosina Kokudeva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 5/2019

The aim of this article is to explore the universality and playful character of the fairytale with respect to its diverse perception. Its structure is split into two parts, united by the interest in the specific ways of both children’s and primitive man’s thinking. The first part illustrates the fairytale as an intrinsic part of children literature, and attention is given to the development of the genre and the characteristics of the folklore mind. The cognitive aspect of these types of texts is being discussed as well as its communicative function and its educational effect on children. Regarding the content and semantics of the texts it is being underlined that they positively affect the reader / listener, which is a consequence of the characteristics of the folklore mind and the stereotypes it brings about. The wide use of parody as a method, which tones down the horror elements of the fairytale is being pointed out regarding the psychological interpretation of fairytales. The second part attempts to explain the model of fairytales viewed through the concept of play proving its playful nature. The focus of attention is on Johan Huizinga’s concept of homo ludens, according to which the understanding of play is a key element of every culture. Based on the intrinsic connection between the fairytale and the myths and rituals, the article makes an attempt to search for mechanisms of play in the folkore fairytale model – regarding the repetition, variability, dynamics, improvisation. The function of play is being explored in the very structure of the fairytale - plot, heroes, formulas.

Универсальное и национально-специфическое в русских, болгарских и румынских пословицах с компонентами добро–зло, лучше–хуже, хорошо–плохо и их синонимами

Author(s): Elena Ratseeva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2020

The author uses the study of the axiological systems of the Russian, Bulgarian and Romanian paremiological pictures of the world based on proverbs with ‘good–evil’ components and their synonyms as a framework for researching proverbs and sayings of Bessarabian immigrants who have lived in a foreign Russian-Romanian ethnical context for over 200 years. This article describes and presents in a comparative way some Russian, Bulgarian and Romanian proverbs with the components ‘good–evil’ and their synonyms, obtained as a result of continuous sampling of the most complete representative sources. The author brings forward statistical characteristics of arrays paired with observations upon the universal and nationally specific traits at the conceptual, structural and discursive levels. Some entry-level comparative interpretation is carried out, building upon the Russian, Bulgarian and Romanian paremiological ideas about the essence of such categories as ‘good’ and ‘evil’, as well as the balance between these categories and the expected reactions to good and evil.

Университетското обучение по турски език в България – aктуално състояние и перспективи

Author(s): Milena Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2017

The paper discusses the history of Turkish language education in Bulgaria and focuses on current practices in Turkish language teaching at universities. It considers the reasons for necessity of language training and of qualified specialists in Turkish or Turkic Studies in the country.

Употреба на конклузива в журналистически текстове

Author(s): Mihaela Moskova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2020

This paper is focused on the use of inferential (conclusive) evidential forms in journalistic texts in Bulgarian. As will be discussed, these forms suit the needs of this specific context where for they mark the information as indirect (second hand) but direct. On the base of the analyzed data I was not able to formulate any specific restriction on the use of inferential forms; however some particular meanings form as a result. In the first part some preliminary concepts will be discussed and in the second some empiric data will be analyzed.

УПОТРЕБА НА ПЪЛЕН И КРАТЪК ЧЛЕН В БЕЗГЛАГОЛНИ ИЗРЕЧЕНИЯ

Author(s): Zhaneta Zlateva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2020

The paper clarifies cases of variation in choosing between the long and the short form of the definite article in out-of-context verbless sentences.

Употребление форм „члов чь”, „члов чьскъ”, „члов чьскыи” в „Архангельском Евангелии” 1092 года в связи с историей возникновения текста рукописи

Author(s): Zofia Szwed / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2015

The Archangelsk Gospel is a manuscript which is based on two original works. The authors of the two basic parts of the Archangelsk Gospel used the texts of differently edited Aprakos. One of the copyists used a short version of Aprakos, while the other used its complete version. This double provenance is reflected in orthographic, morphological, lexical and word-formation differences between the two parts of the gospel. This article discusses the usage of ćlovećb, ćlouećbskb and ćlovećbskyj in the context of the lectionary's creation.

Урбанонимическая омореферентность в устной русской речи

Author(s): Antonina Scherbak / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2018

The idea of the Polish scientist, Jerzy Kaliszan, regarding the omo-reference of the facts of word-formation and form-formation in the Russian language is developing on the basis of Russian urbanonyms; it has been established that the formation of targeted linear inner city objects determines the internal dynamism of the grammatical system of the language, expands the fund of verbal resources, increasing the nomination possibilities and expanding the national linguistic picture of the world.

Урок-сказка в обучении русскому языку как иностранному

Author(s): Galina Shamonina,Maya Muratova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2020

The article is focused on the use of fairy tales material in classes with foreign students who speak Russian in the volume of basic and intermediate levels (B1). The model of a non–standard fairy tale lesson is described and designed, methodological recommendations for organizing work with the material of the Russian fairy tale, a system of tasks and exercises aimed at developing lexical and grammatical skills, as well as the development of socio-cultural and intercultural competence of students are proposed.Teaching materials are intended for students of the International Qualification School “Modern Pedagogical Technologies in Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language” (Varna, Republic of Bulgaria).

Усвајање перифрастичних конструкција у српском језику као страном

Author(s): Jasmina Dražić,Jelena Ajdžanović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 50/2019

Periphrastic predicative expressions present a special type of sentential units which usually do not coincide on a cross-language level either by their contents or their form (e.g. Serbian постићи договор: Polish dojść do porozumienia: English to reach an agreement), which makes their acquisition difficult for students of Serbian as a foreign language. Therefore, one of the main tasks of the theorists and practitioners in the domain of foreign language teaching is the identification of such structures, as well as the explanation of their meaning according to the semantics of the noun as the semantic focus of the phrase. The aim of this paper is to explore, by using two verbs – acquire and reach the following phenomena: (a) the selection of verbal lexemes and their complements, (b) the proposal for a presentation of such pairs in teaching Serbian as a foreign language and (c) an outline of their lexicographical treatment.

Усвояване и учене на втори език: педагогически аспекти

Author(s): Todor Shopov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2018

The present essay is a theoretical study. It presents existing psycholinguistic accounts integrated in a unified theory of language acquisition. The approach is an eclectic explanation of a mentalist type of language development as an ontogenetic process. A description of current pedagogy of language is made.

Устойчивите сравнения като стереотипни магически ситуации: водата като природна стихия

Author(s): Ekaterina Struganova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 17/2019

In this article I make a review of the proverbial comparisons from the semantic field “natural elements” and track their connections to the stereotypes in thinking. Stereotypes I define according to E. S. Kubryakova’s “Short dictionary of the cognitive terms”. I want to understand, how in the formation and functioning of the proverbial comparisons is represented folk culture, primarily, ritual and ritual comparison. A lot of in¬formation give us proverbial comparisons, connected with water. As an example here I can state a custom of making kurban near the river, so that the blood of the animal would flow into it. This is made so that the milk of other animals flows like water, to have it a lot (Sofijsko). We can also state the expression “let it go like with water” and the rituals to pour water in front of someone, so that everything goes right (especially in time of the initiation). Also, to clarify this topic I include analyses of the spells, where the analogy between the illness or the symptoms, or the curing process and the outer world is vivid. For example, if someone wants to get rid of the warts, he or she cuts the stick and places them in the river, so that it takes them away together with the warts (Sofijsko, Dolni Lozen).

Уход за младенцами: практики, тексты и культурные конфликты

Author(s): Alexandra Pletneva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2017

To create the social history of Russia and the history of everyday life, one needs a description of local everyday practices. This article focuses on the everyday practices associated with the birth of a baby and care for it. The author proceeds from the fact that the 18th and 19th centuries in Russia saw the coexistence of two cultures and two household traditions – the culture of the educated classes and the peasant culture. At the level of everyday practices, they made a certain influence on each other. On the one hand, ethnographic materials were used as sources, and on the other hand – popular medical literature of the 19th century. The article analyzes the practices themselves and the mechanisms of their influence on each other, while it appears that the effect of the practices of educated social groups on people’s life was a conscious Kulturtraeger activity. The influence of peasant household traditions on the lifestyle of educated classes was carried out primarily through direct impact. The ubiquity of nurses who belonged to a different social group than the child’s parents, led to the fact that, despite the parents’ resistance, peasant childcare practices (baby-rocking, pacifier, sleeping together, etc.) were used quite actively.

Учебни програми за изучаване на български език, литература и народознание в българското училище за роден език в Будапеща

Author(s): Veselina Spasova,Miglena Hristova,Nikol Tankova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2015

The article offers an analysis of curricula in Bulgarian language, literature and ethnology by the Hungarian Ministry of Education and Culture for the purpose of teaching Bulgarian as a mother tongue in Hungary. They are oriented towards communication skills of the Bulgarian language in real communicative situations and to develop tolerant intercultural relations among students.

Учебные тексты: антиномии и типологии

Author(s): Leonid Moskovkin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2017

The article provides the definition of the training text, the description of its main functions, the analysis of linguodidactic antinomies: training and non-training texts, authentic and non-authentic texts, verbal and polycode texts. The typology of training texts, conditioned by the content of foreign language teaching, includes the texts for teaching the aspects of the language, four language skills and culture phenomena. The authentic texts include not only the original texts, but also adapted texts and the texts written by the teachers.

Учителят по български език и литература – учител новатор

Author(s): Zaprina Glushkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

Фармакопорнографската ера

Author(s): Beatriz Presiado / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 21/2019

The following excerpt from Paul B. Preciado’s book “Testo Junkie: Sex; Drugs; and Biopolitics in the Pharmacopornographic Era” (2013) introduces the concept of pharmacopornography. The term is used to address the processes of a biomolecular (pharmaco) and semiotic-technical (pornographic) government of sexual subjectivity of which; according to the theoretician; “the pill” and Playboy are two paradigmatic offshoots. Drawing on the works of M. Foucault; A. Negri; D. Harraway; G. Agamben; M. McLuhan; etc.; Preciado attempts to map out the cartography of transformations in industrial production during the 20th century; using as an axis the political and technical management of the body; sex; and identity. Preciado states that the real stake of capitalism today is the pharmacopornographic control of subjectivity and argues that changes in capitalism that we are witnessing are characterized not only by the transformation of “gender;” “sex;” “sexuality;” “sexual identity;” and “pleasure” into objects of the political management of living but also by the fact that this management itself is carried out through the new dynamics of advanced technocapitalism; global media; and biotechnologies.