Audio Description Landscape in Russia and Greece

Author(s): Elena Aleksandrova,Christos STAVROU / Language(s): English Issue: 25 (1)/2020

The article provides an overview of audio description landscape in Russia and Greece. It dwells upon the legal issues of providing audio description, comparing national legislation on media accessibility and Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons, and their impact on the development of media accessibility services in these countries. Special attention is focused on describers’ training both as degree training and further education courses. It also highlights insufficient financial support of accessibility services as one of the reasons for the slow development of Audio Description in Russia and Greece. The article analyzes the new opportunities for providing media accessibility, such as mobile applications and voluntary projects. It also presents an example of a service which can be viewed as a best practice to be shared and spread across other countries – an application Искусство.Вслух (Art.Vocally) with audio descriptions of theatre plays voiced by prominent actors and actresses, that was funded by one of the biggest banks of Russia. The article concludes by listing the possible solutions which might spur the development of Russian and Greek audio description

Inclusion et médiation linguistique : apport des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication

Author(s): Haytham Safar,Andrea Gava,William Lambert / Language(s): French Issue: 25 (1)/2020

This article questions the linguistic mediation through the analysis ofpractices related to virtual technology tools in the field of users with visual andhearing impairment taking into consideration their sensitivity and civil rights. Theissues of the inclusion of a person who does not speak the language of a conferenceas well as the inclusion of a deaf, hard of hearing, blind or partially sighted audienceare discussed on the basis of a methodology that articulates the comparativeapproaches by comparison and / or distinctions of audiovisual translation platforms(with emphasis on Discord) and interview with users and trainers in audiovisualtranslation and linguistic mediation. The results highlight that digital inclusion ispossible and effective depending on the devices suggested and tested, with usageprotocols in place that favour free access

The influence of the Russian psychological pedagogy (by L.S. Lev Vygotsky) upon the model of education curricular design in the American cultural space

Author(s): Aura Hapenciuc / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2019

The paper demonstrates the way in which the Russian psychologist L.S.Vygotsky, who anticipates the paradigm of the curriculum, is perceived in the American cultural space. A representative of the sociocultural constructivism in education, L.S.Vygotsky is concerned with the problem of approaching the epistemic specificity of pedagogy as a specialized science in the study of education. The process through which pedagogy turns scientific can be confirmed according to three criteria: the research object, the normativity and the research methodology. The specific research object of L.S.Vygotsky’s psychological pedagogy is represented by the quality learning that pushes the development ahead, in the area of the proximal development, possible within a socio-cultural mediated training activity through the pedagogical scaffold created between educator and educated. The specific normativity asserted in the L.S.Vygotsky’s psychological pedagogy is based upon two complementary principles: the creation of the scaffold and the orientation of education at the area level of the proximal development. The research methodology refers to: the method of the qualitative structural analysis; the genetic method; the comparative method and the instrumental method. L.S.Vygotsky’s theory of socio-cultural constructivism has generated a revolution in pedagogy, exerting a strong influence in the US, in the field of the curriculum reconstruction, initiated by the psycho-pedagogue Jerome S. Bruner. The constructivist pedagogical model developed by L.S.Vygotsky who influenced the psychological theory of learning proposed by J.S.Bruner draws attention upon the need to capitalize on three ways of organizing the training – by action (with objects), iconic (by images), symbolic/verbal (by notions formed and developed). Despite the strongly ideologized era in which he created, the Russian educator managed to anticipate an important line of the postmodern (contemporary) pedagogy.

Талант, творческо писане, светостроене и видеоигри

Author(s): Vladimir Poleganov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 7/2020

The article’s goal is to imagine a productive form of teaching creative writing as part of a Master's program in fields only remotely connected to literature and literary studies, such as digital media and videogames research. The text begins with a discussion on talent as the ability to perceive and submit to adequate and working models of writing. The topic is then further developed by analyzing talent within the framework of specific creative tools such as close reading and worldbuilding. Finally, the idea of creative writing as a model oriented and model guided activity is connected to the nature of the computer game as a space inhabited by a variety of new discourses, which the player - like a careful and attentive reader – has to learn to read and work with, thus making them part of her personal experience.

Необходима корекция в българската индикативна темпорална парадигма: перфект се образува и посредством имперфектни причастия

Author(s): Krasimir Kabakchiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

According to most Bulgarian grammars and the majority of researchers studying the Bulgarian perfect, its indicative forms are built from aorist participles and not from imperfect ones. This is an inadequate thesis that must be corrected. Analyzed in the paper are many examples with perfect verb forms built from imperfect participles. The relevant specificities in the semantics of the perfect, the aorist and the imperfect are investigated, and a firm conclusion is made that the Bulgarian perfect must be regarded as formed from both aorist and imperfect participles.

Russian Proverbs About Love and Their Paremiological Reflection in Bulgarian and Polish Cultures

Author(s): Anna Kolpakova / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2020

This tri-lingual Russian-Bulgarian-Polish research, based on the Russian paremiological minimum, is looking into paremiological units in relation to Love and the ways people of different but yet similar cultures express their feelings through proverbs. The source of the current research is the Russian-Slavonic Dictionary of proverbs published in 2000 by M. Yu. Kotova . The actuality of all the proverbs in the research is reviewed and cross-checked against the results of the sociolinguistic paremiological experiment conducted in 2003 – Handbooks of a Paremiographer: Issue 1: Bulgarian paremiological parallels of the Russian paremiological minimum (2013) and Issue 6: Polish paremiological parallels of the Russian paremiological minimum (2019). The author offers literal translations of all of the proverbs selected for this research. The aim of this paper is to uncover possible lacunarities and culturally-tied expressions in the corpora of European cultural memory, particularly in Russian, Bulgarian and Polish. While targeting proverbs of related Slavic languages, this study is approaching the proverbs from an imagology angle targeting culture specific lacunae and investigating close relationships within the languages of the Slavic group.

АСИНХРОНА И СИНХРОНА КОМУНИКАЦИЈА ПОСРЕДОВАНА РАЧУНАРОМ У НАСТАВИ СТРАНИХ ЈЕЗИКА

Author(s): Marina Đukić Mirzayantz,Nevenka Janković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 71/2020

The paper analyses asynchronous and synchronous forms of computer- mediated communication (CMC), their educational potentials and the advantages of using them in foreign language teaching. The paper shows the previous experiences of foreign and domestic teachers. The conclusion is that synchronous virtual encounters improve the skill of oral expression and vocabulary, while asynchronous electronic correspondence is more suitable for developing writing skills and directing attention to specific language rules. Successful use of CMC will depend primarily on the knowl- edge of the advantages and disadvantages of available communication technologies, the experience of teachers and students, and the setting of clear teaching objectives.

Кръгла маса „Книжовници и книги (Предвъзраждане и Възраждане)“. Паисиеви четения 2020, Пловдивски университет „Паисий Хилендарски“, Филологически факултет

Author(s): Diana Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

Фалшивите новини и фолклористичният подход към тях

Author(s): Angelina Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The article develops and grounds the necessity of a folkloristic perspective towards the phenomenon of fake news, which has already been suggested in some publications by American folklorists. It discusses the milieu of fake news’ distribution with a focus on the cultural characteristics of Web 2.0 and the cultural dynamics which take place in it. As a possible theoretical frame of analysis, the author proposes the conceptual intersection of two scholarly disciplines: media studies and folkloristics. She presents the various genre forms that are usually defines as “fake news”; the possible transformations and hybrids; and the main active subjects of their creation. Along with that, attention is paid to the sociocultural processes, the specificities of distribution and the patterns of reception and reaction. The discussion is supported by examples from the Bulgarian internet space.

Интернет мемета и комуникация онлайн

Author(s): Dafina Genova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The paper focuses on the genre and structural features of internet memes as a means of communication online – a topic unexplored so far by Bulgarian scholars. A critical overview of the scholarly publications in English on the subject is carried out and a discourse analytic approach is employed on a number of selected internet memes from English and Bulgarian internet sites in Google and the social media. “Internet meme” is regarded as a narrower concept than the concept of “meme” as understood in memetics, the evolutionary theory of culture. The analysis covers only those internet memes in which image and text interact. Internet memes are not viewed as isolated artefacts, but as a group or system: otherwise, they are perceived as chaotic and arbitrary. Internet memes are preceded by viral artefacts – a photograph, a text, an advertisement, a song, a video, a film trailer, etc., which internet users share and disseminate without change, whereas alteration and transformation are emblematic for internet memes. Necessary parallels are drawn between humour in internet memes and humour in jokes as well as parallels between intertextuality and multimodal communication in internet memes and those in political cartoons and print advertisements.

Лингвистични механизми при тълкуване на сънищата според Зигмунд Фройд и Карл Густав Юнг

Author(s): Mariya Kitanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article focuses on certain “points of contact” between the theories of dream interpretation developed by Sigmund Freud and Carl Gustav Jung and modern cognitive linguistics. The author underlines the relevance of linguistic transformations such as metaphor, metonymy, symbolization, paronymy, homonymy, paronomasia, and associative networks for Freud’s theory. Attention is also paid to the mechanisms of dream interpretation used by C. G. Jung: associative, metaphorical, and metonymic. The interpretation of symbols is a focal point in the study.

Интерпретация на сънищата от антропологична перспектива (Сънуването в различните култури)

Author(s): Vihra Barova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article presents the development of the theoretical interest in dreaming as an object of anthropological analysis. The focus of attention is on dreams per se, along with dream interpretation, narration of dreams, and perceptions related to dreams in different cultures. Beyond their psychoanalytic interpretation, dreams are examined as a specific type of ethnographic material and a means of communication within the community and between the researcher and the researched. Dreaming is a universal human characteristic, but at the same time, the importance attached to dreams in different societies varies significantly. Based on the ethnographic examples presented in the article, the author have sought to answer the question what factors make dreams in some cultures to be considered an important source of information and even a field of action, while in others they are perceived as imaginary fragments with no relation to everyday life.

Form and Function of the Old Czech Lists of New Testament Lections

Author(s): Andrea Svobodová,Katerina Volekova / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

À la fin du Moyen Âge, les manuscrits bibliques étaient souvent complétés par des textes non bibliquestrès divers, progressivement utilisés à la place des auxiliaires liturgiques. Ils pouvaient être employés pendantla liturgie de la messe au lieu des missels et des lectionnaires, et dans la prière quotidienne à la place des bréviaires. Cette tendance peut être observée dans les sources bibliques tchèques, dans le cas des péricopes pour lamesse. Les évangéliaires, c’est-à-dire l’ensemble de péricopes en texte intégral, prédominaient, au xive siècle,mais ils ont été complètement remplacés, au xve siècle, par de simples index de péricopes attachés aux manuscritsdu Nouveau Testament ou accompagnés de passages de l’Ancien Testament en texte intégral (en particulierpour la période de quarante jours du Grand Carême). L’étude se concentre sur la transformation de la formeet de la fonction des registres de péricopes copiés dans les sources bibliques tchèques de la fin du Moyen Âge,en particulier sur la pratique liturgique hussite, bien que la question de leur utilisation reste partiellement sansréponse.

The Musical Instruments in the Early Vernacular Translations of the Psalms (3)

Author(s): Fabienne Toupin,Ileana Sasu,Jasińska Katarzyna,Vladimir Agrigoroaei / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

This study represents a continuation of two previous publications—“The Musical Instruments in the Early Vernacular Translations of the Psalms. Collective Research” (Museikon, 3, 2019, p. 67-140), hence forth abbreviated as Musical Instruments 2019; and “The Musical Instruments in the Early Vernacular Translations of the Psalms. Collective Research (2)” (Museikon, 4, 2020, p. 257-302), hence forth abbreviated as Musical Instruments 2020. The study will be finalized in the next issue of Museikon (6,2022) with the addition of the last languages taken into consideration.

Who Makes the Blonde Jokes?

Author(s): Stanoy Stanoev / Language(s): English Issue: Special 2/2020

The dumb blonde figure is very popular in the repertoire of international jokes and is characterized by two main qualities: stupidity and promiscuity. These features are also shared by jokes which have circulated in Bulgaria since the 1990s. Researchers view dumb blonde jokes as a consequence of the increasing presence of women in professional and public life in positions which were traditionally considered ‘male’ spheres. The jokes are a reaction to radical transformations in social values and also a specific response to problematized male identities. Over the course of time, the image of the blonde has undergone certain changes as the sexual innuendo has faded and stupidity has become the main object of ridicule. In this way, the blonde has become a version of the classical personage of the fool whose role has always been substantial in the processes of self-identification, whether they be national, social, ethnic, local, or regional in character. In this respect, the blonde represented in such jokes has the potential to become a universal archetype, since her image combines two major identity markers: gender, and more generally, cultural affiliation.

Бразилското Синема ново и критическата рефлексия (Приносът на Пауло Емилио Салес Гомес и Алекс Виани)

Author(s): Boryana Mateeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 11/2022

In the 50-ies and beginning of the 60-ies two great film critics and historians Paulo Emilio Salles Gomes and Alex Viany have a fundamental impact on the Brazilian Cinema novo and influence its flourishment and world recognition. With their erudition, knowledge of world cinema processes, huge critic’s activity and “militant cinephily” they educated and guided the young directors towards professional achievement and the search of national identity applying originally the lessons of the Italian neorealism and the French New wave. Their contribution to the revelation of the national film legacy, the new film movements, the foundation of a modern Film archive, the inauguration of the film education in Brazil and the oldest film festival in the country is undeniable.

Пълни и кратки форми на прилагателните имена в руски и техните съответствия на български език

Author(s): Elena Yu. Ivanova,Maxim Stamenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

In Russian, unlike in Bulgarian, two forms of adjectives have been preserved – full and short, where the short form in the modern language can be used only in the predicative position. The proposed article on the basis of a parallel Russian-Bulgarian corpus examines the question by what means of expression in the Bulgarian language the opposition of the two forms of Russian adjectives is manifested, how the series of their semantic, stylistic and syntactic differences are translated, including their ability to express a temporary and / or permanent feature. It is shown that the Bulgarian language reacts differently in cases when the Russian full and short forms differ semantically, as well as when the difference between the Russian forms is stylistic or pragmatic. There are also discrepancies in the semantics of Russian and Bulgarian predicative adjectives with identical roots in view of their ability to indicate the stability of the feature (i.e. to mean a property, characteristic) or its actuality (temporary state).

(Не)Приобщеният хумор: учебникът срещу анкетата

Author(s): Aglaya Mavrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

Provoked by the one-sided placement of humorous texts in the space of Russian language textbooks for secondary school, the report focuses on the fuller disclosure of the linguo-didactic potential of these texts. For this purpose, part of the results of a large-scale survey is presented, establishing the attitudes of language teachers regarding an idea for the integration of humorous texts in Russian language classes. The analyzed results were obtained from answers to questions highlighting the possibility of including humorous texts in a variety of exercises and activities. The conclusions drawn show that texts containing humor can be an effective linguodidactic resource in learning the Russian language in secondary school.

Лингводидактологически проблеми при изучаването на езиците висок валириан и клингонски

Author(s): Petar Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The article focuses on two fictional languages – High Valyrian and Klingon. Learning them leads to various problems, mostly due to the fact that they are not officially spoken languages, and in practice are used only in the films for which they were created: Game of Thrones and House of the Dragon ( High Valyrian) and Star Trek (Klingon). For this reason, the learning resources are limited due to their specifics; neither are there specialists to teach them. In addition, unlike most spoken languages, neither a level of proficiency can be determined nor any formal certification can be issued for High Valyrian and Klingon. Although there are literary sources which deal with the two languages separately, mostly from the point of view of their lexical and grammatical characteristics, there are yet to be found publications in which the learning of these languages by real users is researched. The paper presents an analysis of the two languages from the point of view of linguodidactology and empruntology. A survey among users who learn the two languages on the Duolingo language learning platform and through other sources is provided. We reach the conclusion that using Duolingo to learn High Valyrian and Klingon leads to efficiency, but not to a 100% proficiency; therefore, additional sources and resources shall be consulted.

Грузинските народни поговорки и афоризмите на Шота Руставели

Author(s): Lia Karichashvili / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

Folklore is regarded as one of the sources of Shota Rustaveli’s worldview. The folk wisdom was reflected in the Knight in the Panther’s Skin as emanation of the national consciousness and being and, at the same time, general cultural paradigms that occur in the literature of various nations. In Rustaveli’s narrative the folk wisdom is frequently accompanied formula “it is said” that emphasizes old age of the idea, its oral widespread nature and anonymity. Many Rustaveli’s aphorisms are very close to the folk proverbs with their ideas though they are formulated with Rustaveli’s eloquence. The semantic and stylistic closeness of Rustavelian aphorisms and folk proverbs evidences that along with the brilliant education of his time, Rustaveli had deep folk wisdom. It is due to this reason that the source of some aphorisms is folk sayings. At the same time, a number of Rustaveli‘s aphorisms became the basis of folk saying.