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The work presents a mobile web application that was developed to serve as assistant for people learning English, in particular - usage of idiomatic expressions. In the design and development of the application are followed principles and recommendations of the Mobile First approach to ensure best performance on mobile devices. At this stage, the application contains a minimum set of the most common idiomatic expressions, users are able to add idioms, and after approval by the editor-philologist they become part of the dictionary.
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The authors of this article studied the important role in the didactic process and educating students in secondary schools in early 20th century Galicia. The schools housed student reading rooms, and their organization was supported by the National School Council, which knew in them an important means in the process of upbringing and self-education of students. They were created in the first place in small towns, e.g. Jasło or Sanok, because unlike large urban centres, they were one place where students could encounter a substitute of cultural life. Their number grew fairly quickly and at the outbreak of the Great War, and they constituted more than half of Galicia’s secondary schools. The schools attracted mainly older students and operated in the winter, spring, and summer periods. They enjoyed considerable interest from these students, though in some schools the attendance was not high. Their main task was to amass collections of books and magazines, but there were also scientific and artistic circles in the reading rooms. Therefore, they were a place where students had the opportunity to deepen their scientific knowledge, broaden their knowledge and skills, gain access to new information, and develop their cultural interests.
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This article is a continuation of research and a deeper study of archivists’ current understanding of concepts drawn from bibliology and information science theory. Starting with a discussion of the similarities between these academic disciplines, the following terms will be discussed: the informational function, informational activities, and informational services of archives. In order to distinguish between them, the author traced the context in which they have so far appeared in bibliological, informological, and archival literature, even without the accompanying adjective “informational”. The result of such an analysis is the definition of these terms for archival science and a precise delineation of the boundaries between them.
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Vít Richter has been working at the National Library of the Czech Republic since 1971. He has reached all the successive steps in the hierarchy during his professional career – from library assistant to general manager. Since the fall of communism, Richter has continuously played a very important, even key, role in Czech librarianship; he has also been extremely active and appreciated in Slovakia. In the years 1992–1998, he managed the construction of the central warehouse of the National Library, and from 1998 until the present, he has been managing the Librarianship Institute – an extremely important institution of the National Library of the Czech Republic. At the same time, he actively participates in community life – he was one of the restorers of the professional movement and for two decades, he led the Association of Library and Information Professionals of the Czech Republic. Since 1998, he has also been the chairman of the Council of the Central Library of the Czech Republic. By combining these functions, he played an extremely important and positive role in the modernisation of Czech libraries and enjoyed great trust and prestige in the community and beyond. In 2020, in the face of growing problems in the activities of the National Library, he temporarily took up the position of the general manager to organise current affairs at the request of the Minister of Culture.
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Users of modern academic libraries are people who follow their individual views and expectations. It is an unceasing challenge, which stands before library and their workers, to come ahead to their communities, learning their opinions and needs, and most importantly, to aspire to satisfy them. In a constantly changing academic environment, especially in a dynamically developing world of science, the library’s main objective is to create an offer not only attractive, but also open to users. To better identify expectations and needs of its readers, the Library of Maria Grzegorzewska University carried out a complex survey, asking about any field of its activity, but also areas for further development and change. This article’s main goal is to bring the figure of reader closer, as well as their reported needs and propositions of how to confront those changes.
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Information architecture (AI) belongs to a group of new disciplines related to information science. As an academic discipline, AI emerged at the turn of the 20th/21st century and deals with the issues of designing and organizing information in various forms, taking into account the needs of its recipients. Close connections with information science and bibliology allow AI to be considered a related discipline, created, among others, by in the process of their evolution. It is therefore not surprising that academic centers that have been educating librarians and information specialists have become interested in information architecture, seeing it as an attractive field of study and research. The first Polish academic center where this field was launched was the Institute of Scientific Information and Library Science (currently the Institute of Information Sciences) of the Pedagogical University of Krakow - studies in information architecture were launched in 2013. After three years, the decision to open a field of the same name was made in the former institutes of scientific information and library science at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń and the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin. In the 2018/2019 academic year, the Institute of Library and Information Science of the University of Silesia also joined the group of centers educating in the field of AI. These initiatives created a need for discussion and exchange of experiences regarding the current state and future of this discipline in Poland.
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The article analyzes the development of archives through the lens of the McDonaldization created by Georg Ritzer. Since archives, like libraries, are deeply rooted in society, they can be analyzed from the perspective of ongoing social change. Referring to the various dimensions of McDonaldization – predictability, efficiency, calculability, and control – the author points to selected aspects of archival reality that exhibit the characteristics identified by Ritzer. Ritzer also pointed out that rationalized systems generate irrationalities and mention contrary tendencies that go (often intentionally) against the tide of the changes taking place. These two phenomena can also be found in the archival field. The article concludes that archives have undergone at least a partial McDonaldization. Nevertheless, the degree of change that has taken place in archives varies between the analyzed aspects. The article is based on an analysis of Polish and foreign literature, as well as the author’s observation of archives (mainly Polish). For this reason, the study uses a comparative, bibliographic, and observational method.
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The European Coal and Steel Community established in 1951, the EuropeanAtomic Energy Community, and the European Economic Community, both established in 1957, built the roots of the European single market and are direct forerunners of today’s European Union. The vision of a united post-War (Western) Europe went far beyond economic considerations, as canbe seen in the preamble of the Rome Treaties with its concept of “evercloser union”. It made the European Union a unique transnational politicaland cultural phenomenon based on common values and supranationaldecision-making processes. Archives hold the memory of the multi-levelledEuropean integration process. European integration produced a newmodel of transnational archives with specific privileges, immunities andworking methods. These archives preserve the legal acts, negotiations,correspondence, and documents produced by intergovernmental or non-governmental European institutions and organisations and make themavailable to the public. The Historical Archives of the European Union play a central role in transmitting the memory, informing the public and fostering research on these diverse types of archives.
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Discussing archives as a cultural phenomenon entails viewing archives as epistemological sites rather than as sources. In the past two decades,this “archival turn” has been made in many disciplines. Anthropologists,sociologists, psychologists, philosophers, cultural and literary theorists, aswell as artists, have developed various “archivologies”. Historians, however,by and large upheld the primacy of documents as historical sources,maintaining the tenet “No documents, no history” coined 125 yearsago, in 1897, by the French: archivist Langlois and historian Seignobos,and translated into Polish in 1912. However, understanding archives asa cultural, social and political phenomenon also entails shifting attention from the actual archival document to its contextual history, a history encompassing the why, who, what, and how of archiving, all determined by societal challenges and technologies.
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Protection of privacy is a key issue in determining the extent to which archival materials are to be made accessible to the public. But what isinformational privacy; i.e., what are the elements of information foundin any type of document or database that must be withheld to avoidintruding on the privacy of an individual? This essay first examines post-World War II international statements that reference privacy. Then it turnsto statements referring to privacy issued by the International Council onArchives (ICA), the worldwide professional organization that represents thearchival profession to UNESCO. Third is a brief look at several 21st centuryacademic considerations of privacy, one each by a lawyer, a philosopher,and an historian. Finally, it outlines some of the contextual elements that help archivists manage sensitive materials, even without a final definition of informational privacy.
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Trends in Performance Research in Relation to Business Strategy: Bibliometric Analysis and Text Mining
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The book, as one of the oldest forms of the written word, is at a turning point that is likely to play a major role in the further development of humanity. We are witnessing the transition of the book into an immaterial form and the transformation of the book. However, centuries and centuries have passed in which the book developed and evolved, so that today its physical and material form has slowly turned into an intangible one. The paper shows the development and evolution of the book from its origin to its metamorphosis into a completely different dimension.
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This text provides an overview of the conceptual sources and essential works in Bulgarian bibliographical science in the period from the late 1930s of the 19th century until today, and the historical studies of the book, which began to stand apart as an independent scientific discipline with the set of tools of social studies. A study is made of the stages of institutionalization of bibliographical research, mostly within the Bibliographic Institute, the creation of a separate specialty within the university structure and the debates on the status of the librarian job. The development of classical and contemporary librarianship sectors, such as scientific and specialized bibliography, local history, international bibliography, historical, analytical bibliography and scientific information is presented. Among the persons with the greatest contribution to the development of bibliographical science throughout different periods, mentioned in the article,are Alexander Teodorov-Balan, Nikola Mihov, Todor Borov. The historical outline is made with the works of Marin Drinov, Stiliyan Kutinchev, Petar Atanassov, etc., on the first print centers and the dissemination of their products. The need for a common terminology framework, a definition of the “book” concept, scientific field limits, segments of the “life cycle” of the book and continuity between handwritten and printed tradition, is among the interests of a new wave of scientists, like Ivan Dujchev, DochoLekov, Petar-Emil Mitev, etc., whose research is in the field of cultural history and sociology. The first systematization of these problems was the work ofAni Gergova in her Book History in Bulgaria (1987), while the „Book History“ discipline was introduced by Krassimira Daskalova in Literacy, Books, Readers and Reading in Bulgaria on the Road to Modernity (19th – early 20th C) (1999), in which the Western science methodology was applied for the first time.
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The publishing activity of the Pančevo City Library (PCL) is focused on publishing professional and scientific publications in the field of librarianship and cultural history. The Library published its first book, the catalogue of belles-lettres in Serbo-Croatian, German, and Hungarian, in the interwar period, in 1936. It restarted to issue publications related to librarianship in the 1980s. The launch of a new periodical entitled Pančevačko čitalište in 2002 marked the beginning of the renaissance of the academic publishing of this library. From the first issue, the journal gathered valuable collaborators from all types of libraries and academic institutions, which further influenced the overall publishing activity of the PCL. The change in the name of this publication, i.e. the omission of the local designation in its title in 2011, marked a conceptual shift and the transformation of the professional into a scientific journal on the theory and practice of librarianship. The contributors and editors of Čitalište, with their texts, studies, and overall engagement, have significantly helped to improve the process of professional development of Serbian librarians and the dissemination of information in the field of library and information science. They have been engaged especially in the systematic research of the history of librarianship and the establishment of the professional community identity. Studies in this area, based on the results of research conducted for the purpose of preparing doctoral dissertations, as well as proceedings from the Scientific Conference “Libraries and Identity” organized since 2017 by the Pančevo City Library in cooperation with the academic communities of the universities of Belgrade and Novi Sad, are the best proof of this.
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The aim of the study was to assess the image created by athletes in social media on the example of Stephen Curry and Lebron James.The article uses the method of media analysis and the deductive method. The article begins with theoretical issues that are the basis for the analysis of the studied issue. The concepts of image, media image and personal brand were defined. The silhouettes and basketball careers of Stephen Curry and Lebron James were characterized. In order to assess the image created by athletes, a comparative analysis of Curry and James profiles on Instagram was used. The frequency of shared content and its types have been established. Then, the effectiveness of the activities carried out by both basketball players on the social networking site was assessed.The most important conclusion was that the content shared by the players positively affects their image. In the course of the research, it was established that Lebron James is an athlete who is more effective in building engagement with users of the social networking site Instagram.
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The YouTube website offers its users an option of sharing their content in form of videos for free. One of the groups of creators who take advantage of such possibility are science popularisers. This paper investigates characteristics and comparative analysis in terms of quantity and quality of three selected channels that popularize science in the field of astronomy: Astrofaza, PBS Space Time and NASA. The research was carried out using the media content analysis method and statistical analysis. The subject of the study were videos and records of completed live broadcasts published on mentioned channels in the period from March 1 to March 31, 2023). As part of the analysis, similarities and differences regarding the selected YouTube channels were identified.
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Research on binding wastepaper has a long tradition in Poland, dating back to the 1820s, and the result is the discovery of fragments of many valuable manuscripts and prints. This article is devoted to the discoveries made, among others, by Władysław Nehring, Kazimierz Piekarski and Anna Lewicka-Kamińska, the fruit of which were previously unknown editions of the popular prayer book Hortulus animae, found and preserved only in the fragments they discovered. The most groundbreaking was Nehring’s find, thanks to which eight pages of the first Polish edition of Hortulus were published, but the importance of the remaining ones cannot be overestimated. It is noteworthy that out of eleven (certain and highly probable) editions, dating back to the first half of the 16th c., as many as six are known only thanks to single sheets extracted from their bindings.
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The Royal Library in Copenhagen is a central Danish national library which serves also as a university library (for the universities in Copenhagen and Aarhus), research institution as well as cultural and exhibition center. The new building named the Black Diamond has been connected to the traditional old one. Library activities also connect the past with the present. The following data were presented in this paper: history, architec- ture, book collection, and multidimensional function of the library. All of them are based on the information obtained by the author during his personal visit in the Royal Library.
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This article discusses a number of examples of liberature works, in which the text and the material form of a book constitute an inseparable whole and the artistic mes- sage is transmitted not only through the verbal medium, but also through the author “speaking” via book as a whole, from the perspective of verbal and visual communication. The paper focuses on the following works: Anne Carson’s Nox, Herta Müller’s The Guard Takes His Comb, Zenon Fajfer and Katarzyna Bazarnik’s Oka-leczenie [Eyes-ore], Stéphane Mallarmé’s A Throw of the Dice will Never Abolish Chance, and Radosław Nowakowski’s (including the collection of poems Nieopisanie świata [Non-description of the world]). Verbal expressions of an idea or thought and the accompanying mental image in these works permeate and often overlap, thus adding new meanings to the existing ones, and in this way expand their interpretative implications, while the abundance of the solutions adopted by the authors is stunning. At every instance, this formal innovativeness, adjusted appropriately to the content, supports and revises the meanings in a given work, and ad- ditionally influences its reception providing incentives and new stimuli within the reading comprehension process.
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