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Nacjonalistyczny internet. Rekonstrukcja medialnego ekosystemu polskiej skrajnej prawicy w internecie

Author(s): Marcin Pielużek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (255)/2023

The article’s main objective is to reconstruct the media ecosystem of the Polish extreme right on the Internet. The starting point was 15 websites of the most recognisable Polish far-right organisations, which were indexed using the Hyphe tool to identify other websites with the same ideological profile, this identified 312 websites. These were then further analysed using social network analysis methods and tools in order to answer the following research questions: 1) how dense is the network of connections between the different sites; 2) what is the diversity and dominant ideological orientation of the far-right Internet; 3) what types of sites are used to disseminate far-right content? The research results show that far-right websites are poorly networked but that a few sites act as opinion leaders and content distributors linking different communities. At the same time, despite the ideological diversity, two communities – radical nationalists and autonomous nationalists – are critical in the reconstructed media ecosystem. While the different types of sites function as important media sites for each milieu, each milieu uses the different types of sites in slightly different ways.

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Kampania społeczna jako narzędzie rządowego komunikowania kryzysowego w mediach społecznościowych w pierwszym roku pandemii COVID-19 w Polsce

Author(s): Anna Lusińska,Ewa Miłoszewska -Podrażka,Anna Kalinowska-Żeleźnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (255)/2023

The aim of the article is to identify the social campaign used as a tool for government crisis communication in social media in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland and to attempt to analyse and evaluate the information provided through advertising spots dedicated to the COVID-19 pandemic in the light of Internet users’ opinions. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used, including source studies, media content analysis, desk research and case study. The authors put forward the thesis that by means of selected spots aired as part of the social campaign conducted by the Ministry of Health, during the first year of the pandemic in Poland (from March 4, 2020, to March 4, 2021), this Ministry tried to inform and educate the public about safety and public health measures implemented to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The results of the research showed the government’s lack of experience in using new media channels in crisis communication, which caused a fierce public discourse in social media, for which the rulers were not prepared. The discourse in Polish society, emerging from the comments of users of selected social media on the information provided through advertising spots dedicated to the COVID-19 pandemic, stimulates and encourages action, arousing anxiety due to the disruption of the established information order. We can discuss its potential to generate changes, on condition that social information campaigns are carefully prepared.

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Komunikacja medialna Konfederacji Wolność i Niepodległość w czasie kryzysu wewnątrzpartyjnego

Author(s): Anna Szwed-Walczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (255)/2023

The aim of the research was to reconstruct the communication strategy of the Confederation Liberty and Independence [Konfederacja Wolność i Niepodległość] party during the internal crisis that began after the Russian Federation’s aggression against Ukraine. The research period covered the period from February 24, 2022 to February 13, 2023. The subject of the research were statements and publications published in the official media of the Confederation [Konfederacja], as well as social media of party leaders and interviews they gave. Content analysis was used in the research. Research has shown that a multi-community party such as the Confederation [Konfederacja], in order to solve the internal crisis, was forced to implement a consensus strategy in the field of discussion about the war in Ukraine and the marginalisation of activists who undermine the integrity of the group. As part of the pursuit of consensus, a communication strategy was implemented, which can be described as searching for a community of values by expanding the field of reference to the problem. The marginalisation of the Libertarians [Wolnościowcy] resulted in their withdrawal from the party, thus stabilising the internal situation in the Confederation [Konfederacja].

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Twitterowa komunikacja polityczna w kontekście wojny w Ukrainie: analiza porównawcza wpisów Roberta Biedronia i Antoniego Macierewicza

Author(s): Klaudia Żubryk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (255)/2023

The digital revolution has brought social media into the space of politicians’ activities, the most widely used of which is Twitter. This platform fosters special participation of users and informing the audience about the most current events in almost real time. It can also be understood as one of the most effective tools of modern political communication. The proposed article provides a comparative analysis of the communications of Antoni Macierewicz, who is associated with Poland’s ruling camp in 2022, and Robert Biedroń, one of the opposition leaders. The analysed communications concern the first month of the war in Ukraine. Both quantitative methods, including elements of statistical analysis, and qualitative analysis, based mainly on content analysis, were used to conduct the study. The aim of the study is to identify differences in communications and to show their twitter statements about the war in Ukraine in the context of a broader political communication strategy in line with the program of the party represented and relating to activities on the political scene (Polish or European). The analysis also points to the diversity of messages communicated through the social medium and the general polarising tendencies developing despite public voices calling for unity to help the victims of Russian aggression.

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Macierzyństwo jako temat publikacji i element wizerunków medialnych kobiet świata polityki w wybranych polskich tygodnikach opinii

Author(s): Katarzyna Brzoza-Kolorz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (255)/2023

The aim of the analysis conducted is to show how motherhood was portrayed in four Polish weekly opinion magazines Gazeta Polska, Newsweek Polska, Polityka and Wprost, during selected periods, over the years 2000-2019, and how the role of the mother projected media images of women in the world of politics. Preliminary assumptions were made that motherhood is politicised in the publications and that the editorial line of the surveyed weeklies influences the way they write about it. In addition, an attempt was made to test the validity of the claim that wives of politicians were more often portrayed in the role of the mother than female politicians, and the role of the mother was more strongly exposed in the portrayal of Polish female politicians than foreign ones. The research method used was a content analysis of selected publications, sourced from weekly opinion magazines, which was carried out based on the author’s categorisation key and with the support of the IBM SPSS program. In the course of the conducted analyses, the research objectives were achieved and the adopted research hypotheses were confirmed.

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Miejsce i rola diaspory w promocji polskiej kultury w świetle polityk publicznych

Author(s): Mariusz Dzięglewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article is aimed at seeking an answer to the question about the place of Polish immigrant organizations centered around cultural activities, Polish artists residing abroad and the general immigrant community within the organizational field focused on the promotion of Polish culture abroad. To answer the question, the author analyses key documents underpinning cultural policy and policy towards diaspora, describes the structure of organizational field including various kind of organizations engaged in promotion of Polish culture abroad. The policy analysis covered the presentation of assumptions on the role the diaspora should play both – as an addressee and the “tool” of public policies. Findings on positioning of organizations representing Polish diaspora in organizational field stemming from the analysis of documents were confronted with the results of state programs analysis. The author focused on 15 state programs ran between 2017 and 2022 – their goals and beneficiaries. The study reveals that immigrant organizations and Polish artist residing abroad had limited access to structural support for their projects, despite policy makers’ positive evaluation of diaspora resources. Members of diaspora are positioned at the periphery of national branding organizational field. Therefore, the resources of numerous members of Polish diaspora – dispersed around the whole world – are still underestimated and unused.

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Feministyczna hałda pamięci

Author(s): Katarzyna Bojarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The author analyzes women’s artistic practices, framed as manifestations of environmental art of memory of violence and destruction – both political violence directed against people and violence directed against nature. The analyzed artists appear not so much as contemporary incarnations of Benjaminian angel of history, but rather as figures who while turning backwards descent into the depths, and as such not so much look at the debris as they penetrate it. Their practice is seen here as learning from the coexistence with the matter of the past and the past of the matter – the theoretical tool that the author employs is that of the postindustrial heap (hałda). The author shows how, by analyzing the works of such artists as Joanna Rajkowska, Karolina Grzywnowicz, Diana Lelonek, one can think differently about the relationship with the past and even the very idea of historicity today.

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Fotografia wobec krzyku pamięci zagłady spod betonu masowego turyzmu

Author(s): Wojciech Sternak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

In the text, I discuss the problems of the genocide experience in the context of mass tourism. I point out that large-scale Holocaust memorials and genocide museums incorporated into the mass-tourism industry are drowning out cries of remembrance. I propose three categories of commemoration: “Captions”, “Monuments” and “Stand-alone Works”. The latter category includes fine art photography among others. Using the case of the photographic series Koenigsgraben, I point out that the category of “Stand-alone Works” seems to have the greatest potential (next to historical enviro mental activeness) to free the cry of remembrance from beneath the concrete of the monuments.

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Les régimes mémoriels postcommunistes et les monuments bucarestois

Author(s): Claudia-Florentina Dobre / Language(s): French Issue: 22/2023

„Crossroads images”, as Régine Robin called them, monuments are central to processes of appropriation or disavowal of the past, while preserving their status as symbols of identity for individuals, various groups, a city, and the nation. They are concrete images of the relation to the past of the community that builds and, sometimes, destroys them. They can also be vandalized when changes in society occur, especially during revolutions and coups d’état. After the fall of the communism, the fate of the monuments built during the old regime can be broken down into two contrasting categories: those illustrating communist ideological figures and symbols were dismantled; those representing national heroes, however, remained standing, becoming objects of new politics of memory. Furthermore, new personalities and symbols joined existing monuments as key individuals for post-communist national memory were commemorated: anticommunist fighters, members of the Romanian royal family, or interwar politicians. The accession to the European Union was also inscribed in Romania’s memorialization practices, as monuments dedicated to leading European figures have been erected.

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REVISITING ZEMUN AND BELGRADE THROUGH THE LENS OF OTTOMAN MOBILITY (1772 – 1826)

Author(s): Zeynep Arslan Çalık / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The study of human mobility has been a crucial aspect of history, enabling the integration of diverse communities and cultures transcending socio-cultural differences and political boundaries. The focus of this study is the examination of the significance of Zemun and Belgrade in Ottoman mobility during the period of 1772 – 1826, documented by the Habsburg authorities. The registers entitled “Türkische Untertanen in den Erblanden, mit Listen” (Turkish Subjects in the Hereditary Lands, with Lists) contain information on 6,930 Ottoman subjects, dating back to as early as 1772, and encompassing a vast geographic expanse. This study aims to scrutinize the demographic, socio-economic, and geographical factors associated with Ottoman mobility, emphasizing the pivotal role played by Zemun and Belgrade in facilitating interaction with Europe and the Mediterranean region, particularly through commercial activities. The study provides conclusive evidence and novel data for further research.

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L’OEUVRE DE SAÜL MÉZAN ET L’INFLUENCE FRANÇAISE SUR LES SÉFARADES EN BULGARIE

Author(s): Vladimir Paunovski / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2024

Saul or Shaul Yeroham Mezan is a doctor with specialization in surgery and urology, Doctor of Medicine, officer, public figure, Zionist, anti-fascist, publicist, journalist, poet, historian, and folklorist – researcher of Sephardism, political scientist and current political analyst. He was born in the city of Tatar-Pazardjik (today Pazardjik, Bulgaria) in 1893, and died far from his homeland, as a victim of Nazism, probably around 1943. Nowadays his name is known to a few researchers, as the predominant writings about him and his work are episodic in time and fragmentary in their subject matter. His literary and journalistic works, as well as his socio-political views, remain almost unknown to the general public, including, unfortunately, to the Jewish community in Bulgaria. The objective of the paper is the French-speaking environment in which S. Mezan was formed, and his works in French in various fields of the knowledge, which prevail over the ones in Bulgarian both in quantity and in terms of scientific and social significance. The author also pays special attention to the numerous yet scattered references for the French influence on the language, the way of life and the culture of the Sephardim in Bulgaria in the book by S. Mezan dedicated to them.

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Идеята на автаркия от домашната икономика в глобалния капитализъм: антропологически рефлексии

Author(s): Miladina Monova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

Self-sufficiency as the idea of autarky and self-reliance is a growing topic in crises time, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Leaving aside debates on the possibilities of a new global order, this text explores self-sufficiency as a value and practice “always there”, as generations of anthropologists have shown in their work on the household as an economic institution. Several key authors examining dialectics between mutuality and market realms are considered, with a focus on the way in which these contradictory logics play in families' strategies of making a living. Dynamics of process and change are evoked through case studies on Macedonia and the major contributions of two little-known authors – J. Obrębski (1930s) and D. Rhubottom(1960s). I argue that while markets tend to colonise the territory of communal economy, autarky, as a certain idea of autonomy, remains powerful.

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Поминък и изграждане на социални солидарности. По примера на розопроизводството в района на град Шипка

Author(s): Ilia Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The article examines the role of rose production in building social ties in a small Bulgarian village. I argue that the specificity of rose production, namely the need to mobilize a lot of labour in a short time, leads to the construction of a system of exchange of services and lasting mutual dependencies between people of different generations, classes and ethnic groups in the region.

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Мъжете в малките населени места – маргинализирани и нужни

Author(s): Vasil Baltadziev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The present text focuses on the problems faced by the men who live in the contemporary Bulgarian village. Using empirical data gathered in a long period of fieldwork, I discuss some of the aspects related to their daily life and focus on the position they occupy in the community that they are a part of. My observation showed that in many of the villages I visited, alcohol consumption was seen more as a part of everyday life, young men who consumed large amounts were looked with compation by the older generation, who often needed their physical help. The exception was in cases in which alcohol dependence led to more complex problems – for example, aggression or abuse. The case in Northwestern Bulgaria is specific and more problematic. The poverty of the region, combined with high unemployment, had created a bleaker picture. The local image of the “ pustinyaka” had a lot more of the characteristics usually associated with a marginal person.

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Пепеляшките нагоре – надолу по стълбата на социалната мобилност. Спомени за бедността на бежанците от Източна Тракия

Author(s): Diana Radoynova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The article approves the biographical approach and the case study method on a specific text fragment – the ancestral memories of a descendant of refugees from Lozengrad in 1903 about poverty, deprivation, humiliation, lack of social support and the difficult integration into the host community for three generations in a row. The empirical text is interpreted through the theoretical concepts of some of the most prominent researchers of poverty and its accompanying social dynamics such as Sorokin, Bourdieu, Simmel, etc.

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Управление при бедствия в България: два случая на скорошни наводнения от юни 2023 г..

Author(s): Vanya Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The article presents and analyses disaster management in Bulgaria with a focus on floods based on two recent examples in the town of Berkovitsa and the town of Etropole from June 2023. An overview is given of definitions, strategic documents, and legislation at the national and local level on disaster management mechanisms in particular floods and the key actors on the ground. The article discusses the idea, put forward by Lisa Irene Saban, that public administration can facilitate the possibility of mutual empowerment between structures ' above’ (state apparatus) and ‘below’ (volunteers, residents in general) through collaboration with active civil society associations during natural disasters. Based on the tracking of the two flood cases, the article traces the stages that characterize the management process: (1)preparing for a disaster before it occurs, (2) developing disaster response measures, and (3)relief and recovery after natural disasters occur.

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Съвременни тенденции в покупателната способност на българското население

Author(s): Kostadinka Stanimirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Income and prices are a major economic factor by which the well-being of a country’s population can be determined. The relationship between these two factors is assessed through the “purchasing power” indicator. It is a set of the amount of a given type of commodity that can be purchased with the total average income of a person from a household, in a certain year, if the same is spent on that commodity. In order to follow the current trends in the purchasing power of the Bulgarian population, the article examines the products that have significant consumption. Using statistical methods, modern trends in the development of incomes and the purchasing power of bread and coal products are tracked. A development prognosis for the next two years has been made.

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Музеи, културен туризъм и културно наследство в България от средата до края на ХХ век. Основни моменти от историческото развитие и проблеми

Author(s): Vidin Sukarev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

This study presents the background of cultural tourism in Bulgaria. There are a lot of definitions of tourism, but everywhere in the leading places is mentioned the cultural heritage. Cultural tourism became a global autonomy economy branch in the 1980s. In Bulgaria, in the middle of the 1950s, a growth of restoration, preservation, and presentation work began. The number of museums increased from 70 in 1949 to 233 in 1999. The peak of museum visitors was between 1976 and 1987, but statistical data are not reliable. The transition to a democratic society and market economy was the real start of cultural tourism in Bulgaria, established on the material base, institutions, and infrastructure constructed during the studied period. The applied data shows that the percent of museum non-budget incomes increased, but the system still needs reforms and investments.

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Влияние на концепцията за евразийството върху еволюцията на турските геополитически идеи

Author(s): Mihail Peev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1s/2024

The report analyzes the main factors for the emergence and development of the concept of Eurasianism in the geopolitical space and ideological discourse of Turkey. For this purpose, publications reflecting the views of representatives of the Turkish political, academic and intellectual circles, in relation to Russia and the Turkic republics of Central Asia and the Caucasus, but also in relation to maritime policy and neighboring Greece and Cyprus, were analyzed. The main argument of the article in this regard is that the concepts of Eurasianism and Neo-Eurasianism have an impact on the formation of Turkey‘s geopolitical doctrines, as well as that to a certain extent they evolve and find development in Kemalist Eurasianism, Pan-Turkism and Neo-Ottomanism, the idea of the so-called Turkic World and the doctrines of “Strategic Depth” and “Blue Homeland”.

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Историческа география и полемология – взаимовръзки в теорията на международната сигурност

Author(s): Radoslav Bonev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1s/2024

Fundamental historical-geographical and political-geographical categories and concepts with methodological interrelationships in the description of polemology are presented. Through a propositional-logical connection in historical geography and polemology, the modern significance of the nation-state in the theory of international security is examined.

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