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PKK TERÖR ÖRGÜTÜ ve KCK’DA SON DURUM

Author(s): Sait Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 15/2012

Turkey’s struggle with terror is at the vital milestone. The situation is very complex due to the many actors existence of such as PKK, KCK or activities of BDP, political extension of terror in Turkish National Assembly. PKK has recently unable to reach its goals in negotiations process with Turkish officials lasting by 2007 and now continues to attack all possible targets for that reason. Turkey must run to fight with terror in determination and firmness. In this article, it is aimed to explain the current stage of countering terror in Turkey and events behind the sceens. In that context, we focus on issues like Oslo negotiations and KCK structure.

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MODERN TÜRK TARİHÇİLİĞİNDE TÜRKLERİN MÜSLÜMAN OLUŞU

Author(s): M. Serkan Taflioğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 15/2012

In the social and the humanitarian sciences, throughout the historical process, presenting the concepts and the facts is one of the most hard issue. The core reason of this meanwhile studying the facts and the concepts are evaluated in varied perspectives. Convertion Turks to Islam is not an exception.Convertion of Turks in such a extensive area occured afterwards hundred years. Perception and discourse of the Historians in transfering the knowledge to the generations are vital. In our study we try to set forth How the contemporary Turkish historians analyze the convertion of Turks.

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OSMANLI-RUSYA-MOLDAVYA DAVRANIŞLARI ÇERÇEVESİ İÇERİSİNDE GÜNEY-DOĞU AVRUPA GAGAUZLARIN ETNİK TARİHİ

Author(s): Olga Radova-Karanastas / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 15/2012

Her milletin dili, edebiyatı, genelden bütün kültürü, tarihe bağlı. Nasıl yok tarih milletsiz, öyle da yok millet tarihsiz, dilsiz, kültürsüz. Yok küçük millet, küçük dil, küçük kültür, ama var sayısı az milletlerin dili, edebiyatı, kültürü. Gagauz milleti de onların birisidir. Onun uzun ve zengin tarihi, derin köklü kültürü, edebiyatı var. Gagauzların evelki etnik tarihi o migratsiya protseslarına bağlı, açan onların dedelerinin bir kısmı VII-XI-ci yüzyıllarda Güney-Doğu Avrupa’da, tarihsel bölgelerde - Bucak’ta, Dobruca’da, Makedoniya’da, Trakiya’da yerleşiyorlar165. Çağdaş zamanda gagauzların tarihinle, kültürünle, dininle ilgili sorular, bilim dünyasında çok tartışmalar çıkarıyorlar, deyceyz: ne zaman onlar bir etnos gibi oluştular, dinlerini kabul ettiler, çeşitli tarihsel bölgelerde yerleştiler; gagauzların dedelerinin soyları kimlerden geliyor, nekadar onların nüfusu ve daha çok çeşitli sorular var?

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İRAN TÜRK SAFEVİ DEVLETİ’NİN KURULUŞU VE TÜRK TARİHİNE STRATEJİK ETKİSİ

Author(s): M. Serkan Taflioğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2012

Safevi devletinin kuruluşu, daha önceki İslam ordularının İran coğrafyasına girişi ve Moğol istilaları gibi tarihin önemli olaylarından kabul edilmektedir. İslam sonrası dönemde ilk defa olarak İran toprakları bir Türk hükümdar altında birliğini sağlamıştır. Bölgenin önemli uzmanlarına göre Safevi devleti ideal bir Türk Devletidir.177 Bunun ardından günümüzdeki modern manada olmasa da İranlılık kavramı tekrar bir kimlik olarak ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Şah İsmail, Oniki İmam Şiiliğini devletin resmi mezhebi yaparak, Sünni Osmanlı ve Özbek devletlerine karşı kendi devletini ideolojik olarak ayakta tutacak ve onlara karşı bir mücadele edecek bir unsur sağlamış oluyordu. Toynbee, Tarih Üzerine Çalışma adlı eserinde bu ortaya çıkışı, Şiiliğin dirilişi ve İslam tarihinde bir sapma olarak değerlendirmektedir.178 Şüphesiz ki Anadolu ve İran’daki Türkmen unsuruna dayanan Safevi devletinin kuruluşunu incelerken Osmanlı devleti ile olan ilişkileri değerlendirmek bir nevi mecburiyettir. Safevi devletinin kuruluş felsefesi ve dış siyaseti gereği ilk hedefi Anadolu ve Osmanlı Türk hakimiyetidir. Bu bağlamda kuruluş esnasında temel sorunlar Osmanlı Türk Devleti ile yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ise Safevi devletinin kuruluşunun Türk ve Bölge jeopolitiği üzerine etkisi ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.

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FACEBOOK COMMUNITY AND ITS COMMUNICATION HABITS

Author(s): Zora Hudíková,Marián Tar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2/2015

Social network Facebook belongs to the most visited websites in the world, and in Slovakia it is used as a dominant communication tool of the online environment. By its users it is used in different ways and for different purposes – for making acquaintances, collecting and processing information, everyday communication, fostering relationships, self-presenting, playing games, or for communication with brands as well as with mass media. To understand the differences in behavior that various generations show on FB is crucial in order to set an effective communication, forms of content or the overall form of communication in online environment, or to reduce it if it does not play any important role in the process of obtaining information for a particular generation. Findings about differences in behavior are key for media workers and marketers to adjust the communication in a way that is effective with targeted groups. This study presents the findings based on the analysis of researched differences in behavior of the Generations X, Y and Z they show on FB.

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Cultural Integration and Cross–Cultural Management Challenges in the Central European Countries:Lithuania and Poland

Author(s): Jolita Greblikaitė,Włodzimierz Sroka,Rasa Daugėlienė,Joanna Kurowska–Pysz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The article focused on disclosing the situation of cultural integration in Lithuania and Poland leading to the different issues of cross–cultural management in labour market and companies activity. As the main research method, a critical analysis of scientific literature on cultural integration and cross–cultural management applied in the companies as well as secondary research data and legal documents are analysed focusing on both countries – Lithuania and Poland. Practical examples’ analysis is based on particular issue of global company ANG activity in Poland. In Lithuania the third countries citizens’ integration in labour market is discussed. Findings. The main challenges, problems and improvement possibilities in cultural integration and cross–cultural management context in both countries are disclosed. The context of cross–cultural management, in terms of cultural integration and globalisation evaluated focusing terms of companies’ activity in Poland and labour market issues in Lithuania in terms of third countries’ citizens’ integration in it. Practical implications. The research presents actual analysis of legal documents of third countries citizens in Lithuania as well as the tools of improving the situation. Particular issues for companies’ consideration are presented in case of Poland. Social implications. The research presents actuality of cultural integration and cross–cultural management in terms of society and business in Poland and Lithuania integrating different cultural groups and ethnic minorities in labour market of both countries. Originality/value. The paper considers actual and problematic issues in the life of two countries in the frames of national identity and cultural integration’s conjunction and diversity. Some particular issues as labour market and companies’ specificity are analysed. The comparative analysis provides some useful solutions for business and society.

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Free Movement of Persons as the Cause for Problems to Prevent Threats to National Security

Author(s): Virginijs Keinis / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Immigration and free movement of persons has become one of the main questions on the agenda of security institutions all over Europe. These aspects are now taken into consideration when drafting national security conceptions and prevention plans. Experts are defining threats that arise specifically from this phenomena – free movement of persons. Together with this, another problem is outlining – is the current instruments to limit free movement for the cause of national security enough to prevent certain security risks? In this paper author is researching the threats to national security caused by the free movement of persons and views the possibilities to limit these threats. The task of the research is to determine whether today we should understand free movement as it was understood previously and what are the current consequences of this phenomena, what new threats to national security it has caused and what could be done to eliminate these threats. In the preparation of the paper author uses number of scientific research methods. Author applies analytical method by analysing available literature, laws and other legal documents. Comparative method is used to compare different legal and practical studies. To a certain extent author uses statistical method by considering statistics of crime rates and performing expert interviews. The results of the research show that existing instruments available to limit free movement of persons for the sake of national security are not enough to prevent complex threats. Europe’s expectations that immigration and free movement of persons are one of the core instrument to warm the economy have not been met. Thus Europe is flooded by immigrants that are subjects of threat to national security. Hostile third countries are using existing situation for their advantage and challenge Europe’s core values. Current situation in the migration field, refugee crisis, lingering to solve immigration problems and create effective instruments to manage the immigration flows are the aspects that should be considered as a favour to hostile countries.Solution in this situation could be rising capacities and intensifying counterespionage. Widening the view on conventional migration issues and strengthening the cooperation could be more appropriate to manage identified threats. Another way to manage alternating situation is to create new instruments to limit free movement of persons for the sake of national security and adjusting or creating common legal basis.

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NATIONALISM CONCEPT AND TURKISH NATIONALISM

Author(s): Elnur Hasan Mikail / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2010

This study will research the various nationalism concepts and principal Turkish Nationalism’s movements as an essay in characteristic foundation of the nations’ ethnic base. The Nationalism Concept was much considerable theme for the current and last 20. th eras. Unfortunately our research will also prove to us of thus main important concept wasn’t studied deeply and by a profound methods didn’t improved for these rising process of the nationalism trend events. In case this research’s aim will be to fill some blank absences of the nationalism concepts throw within such fundamental ethnicities as ethnology science branch, include academic area. Firstable, when the Nationalism was taken up as a branch of the social science matter is ran into 1920 and 1930’s years. Recently evidents was Carleton Hayes’s studies, also 1940’s could put on nationalism concept of the academical world’s agenda. For progress of the nationalist ideology and which was produced within ability of no answer to influence and one countries useful contribution for the sake of nationalist concepts’ development these variants was discovered. Current works’ dispersive point from first term’s works was thorough examination of the deal with subject, also their effort performace could clearly clarified their modern and comparatively glance angle all right. Afterward years, colonial empires’ solutions effect was increased those issued nationalism studies. Together doing accents to some factors, we could perceive all seekness thus nationalism as such kinds of the modernization process’ part or product.

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SECURITY DIMENSION OF CAUCASIAN POLITICS OF THE USA

Author(s): Elnur Hasan Mikail / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2010

After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russia and the other 15 independent republics remaining from the former USSR emerged. Russia is still pursuing an ideology which regards these independent republics, being Russia's colonies for 75 years, as its own property. The reason is that Russia made countless investments in these independent republics and caused them to be economically and politically dependent upon each other like a chain. The coup d'état staged during the vacation of Gorbachev in 1990 continued with the independence declarations of 15 republics. Russia, which can be deemed as the continuation of the USSR, did not admit this fact in order to be released from the heavy dept that it owes to these independent republics. The first countries joining the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) were Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine. Russia, by signing an alleged Confederation treaty with these 3 strong countries, was threatening the other counties and showing itself off.

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Периодика 2016

Author(s): Emiliya Voleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 33/2016

Content of the main Bulgarian scientific journals for the current year in linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography, archaeology and art studies

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From retreating to resisting How Austrian-Turkish women deal with experiences of racism

Author(s): Katharina Hametner / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

Recent European integration discourses are increasingly structured by neo-racist topoi based on orientalist markers of difference. In the Austrian debate, people of Turkish origin are particularly affected by such ascriptions. They are marked as a group not willing to integrate and culturally not fitting into Austrian society. In this discursive conglomerate, women are identified as oppressed victims, lacking education and being in need of help. Using the biographical narratives of young Austrian-Turkish women, this paper reconstructs four modi of dealing with these discursive ascriptions and experiences of neo-racist othering: retreating and pragmatically reducing ambitions, trivializing racist experiences and assimilating to the mainstream, naming facts and aiming to improve the situation by communication, delegitimizing and ironically transcending racism.

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Repressive autonomy Discourses on and surveillance of marriage migration from Turkey to Austria

Author(s): Sabine Strasser / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

Transnational marriages and family reunification have recently been assessed as two of the main obstacles to integration in Austria. They have been increasingly problematized and kept under surveillance when partners from third countries – in Austria, particularly from Turkey – have been involved. Nonetheless, a great number of Turkish migrants and their descendants prefer to marry partners from their “country of origin”. In this paper I discuss practices of and discourses on family formation across borders, based on ethnographic fieldwork in a small town in Austria. My findings show that transnational marriages in Austria are often conflated with forced and fictitious marriages and consequently rejected as fraudulent or “violence in the name of tradition”. Furthermore, legal provisions against problematic marriages do not liberate women but repress their autonomy.

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How Turkish is it? Art and culture in Vienna

Author(s): Wiebke Sievers / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

The Viennese Turkish community constitutes 4% of all people residing in Vienna. This considerable presence has also brought with it many artistic and cultural activities. In this paper I question how far these activities have diversified Viennese cultural life. The results are two-fold: my quantitative analysis of public-funding data shows that Viennese Turkish artistic activities are still perceived as a marginal addendum to Viennese cultural life. However, as my qualitative analysis of selected activities highlights, they have contributed to making the diversity of both Austrian and Turkish cultures visible, albeit only in the margins, rather than in the centre of Viennese cultural life.

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The interplay between family and emigration from Romania

Author(s): Cristina Brădăţan / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

East European migration became a significant feature in the post 1990 Europe. Although migration based on family connections is the most frequently used form of legal entry into the European Union, and family structure influences (and it is influenced by) migration, in the European literature more attention has been paid to individual (labour) migration rather than family migration. This paper intends to be a review of studies on family migration from Romania. Through this study, ‘family migration’ is used to under-stand not only the migration of the whole family unit but also migration of individuals within the context of family

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What matters for internal migration, jobs or amenities?

Author(s): Thomas Niedomysl,William A. V. Clark / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

There is an ongoing debate about whether jobs or amenities matter more for economic growth and by extension for regional migration. We review these debates briefly and point out that amenities are not always well defined and that the “either or” approach neglects the complexity of the migration process and the role that social processes play in the migration decision. While we acknowledge that there is still considerable ambiguity over the role that returns to employment play for internal migration decisions, this does not necessarily mean that the ambiguity can be replaced by calling on amenities as the major force in explaining migration flows.

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BULGARİSTAN’DAKİ BAŞMÜFTÜLÜK KRİZİNE STRATEJİK YAKLAŞIM

Author(s): Kader Özlem / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 7/2010

Bulgaristan’da son dönemde yaşanan Başmüftülük krizi, ülkenin etnik ve dinsel azınlıklar konusunda sağladığı hakları ve azınlıklara karşı izlediği politikaları bir kez daha gündeme getirmiştir. Yaşanan bu kriz, ülkedeki Müslüman ahalinin sinirlerinin her geçen gün biraz daha gerilmesine neden olurken; etnik ve dinsel barışın da risk altına girmesine neden olmaktadır.

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Музей и културен пейзаж

Author(s): Irena Bokova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

The text is an introduction into the main trends in the understanding of landscape with an emphasis on "cultural landscape". The article develops the idea of a museum which presents and interprets cultural landscapes connected to places and areas of social activities and perceptions. The aim is to analyze the relationship between the museum as a venue and setting for the presentation of lifestyles and audiences associated with the territory as a lived and experienced entity. The text reveals diverse readings of the relationships between people and their places of living, the historical changes in the relations of men and nature and its transformation into living environment. The re-evaluation and the re-valorization of important moments in the lives of citizens understood as active builders of a specific territory and ways of life are also discussed. The article presents the creation of the cultural landscape in the contemporary situation and analyzes the position of the museum as part of the landscape as well as the presentation of cultural landscape in expositions.

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Едно нестандартно представяне: Jean-François Gossiaux. Les débris épars du pogrès. Évolutionnisme vs anthropologie. Paris: Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme, 2016

Author(s): Mila Santova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

Book Review

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NАХÇIVАN МR-in DÜZƏNLIК ZОNАLARINDA YERLƏŞƏN TОRPАQ ЕHTIYАTLARININ ЕКОCОĞRАFIYАSI

Author(s): Lətifə Novruzova / Language(s): Azerbaijani Issue: 3/2009

Azerbaycan ekonomisinde zıraat alanlarının kalkınmasına olan ihtiyac, paralelinde tarım üretiminin de hızla artırılmasını gerektirmektedir. Torprakların verimli şekilde kullanılablmesi için, verimliliklerinin korunması çok önemlidir. Kurak topraklarda verimliliği artırmak için sulama şebekesinin kurulması yanında, toprakların tuzlanmadan arındırılması da önemlidir. Bu nedenle bu tip arazilerde kollektor-drenaj siteminin kurulması çok önemlidir. Makalede Nahçıvan Özerk Cümhuriyetinin ovalık bölgelerinde toprakların verimli kullanılması, onların verimliliğinin artırılması problemleri araştırılmış ve öneriler getirilmiştir.

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Крупные перемены и демографический кризис в Болгарии：формы проявления и анализ причин

Author(s): Wang Xiaoju / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/2015

The demographic crisis is one of the most typical characteristics of the drastic changes in Bulgaria. It is due mainly to the problems as follows: unsteady political situation, deterioration of living standard and intensification of ethnic problems. The entry into the European Union means that Bulgaria has accomplished the difficult transition, but the demographic situation has not been improved after that.

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