Konserwatywna konceptualizacja. O wczesnej twórczości Szczepana Twardocha

Author(s): Piotr Wojtaszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

The article attempts to synthesize the conservative views of Szczepan Twardoch from the early period of his work and to present their sources as well as the reasons for the later, radical change. The writer was inspired by conservative thinkers during his studies, mainly in the context of the French Revolution history. Under their influence, he began to contest development direction of the European civilization. His works from this period contain themes of the end of civilization, the fall of Christianity, and the struggle to preserve the cultural status quo. He also referenced the current political situation in Poland and the writers and philosophers representing a similar line of thought, primarily Joseph de Maistre and Ernst Junger. Intellectual maturing and the related aversion to dogmatism caused him to reject conservative views.

Praktyczny wymiar zagadnień związanych z oceną pewności źródeł oraz wiarygodności danych i informacji

Author(s): Józef Kozłowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2023

The phases of preparation, analysis, integration, initial interpretation of data and intelligence are relatively widely described in the literature. Only the field of assessing the certainty of sources and the reliability of data and intelligence has not kept pace with the development of other elements in the domain of information operations. In view of the increasing intensity of activities carried out by potential adversaries, the methods, techniques and tools currently in use should be critically evaluated and their limitations identified, and attempts should be made to develop and implement new processes and procedures. Above all, the capacity to prepare and communicate increasingly accurate assessments of the certainty of sources and the reliability of data and information must be enhanced. Therefore, it is necessary to: quantify the accuracy of the information, prepare new procedures and software, study the degree of information redundancy, its completeness and level of diagnosticity. Acquisition and analytical apparatus staff must be aware of existing limitations and search for ways to solve problems. Such a search should not focus on one-size-fits-all methods, but on a pragmatic approach to each element.

Działania informacyjne Federacji Rosyjskiej w 2023 roku

Author(s): Karolina Kuśmirek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 30/2024

The subject of information activities carried out by the Russian Federation was taken up as a result of the dynamic changes taking place in the security environment. Research methods from the field of scientific research methodology typical for social sciences were used to implement the undertaken research problem. The comparative method was used to juxtapose narratives. The method of content analysis included the analysis of the source material obtained from the information environment. The introduction presents information on the essence of information activities as an element of military activities. The next section of the article presents information activities that enabled the achievement of political goals both in Russia itself and on the international arena. The conclusions indicate those activities that diversified the recipients. The result of the conducted research was the identification of those information activities that allowed the Russian Federation to impose its arguments on the Russian society and in the global competition of superpowers.

Monika Krakowska, Zachowania informacyjne człowieka w kontekście zjawiska epistemicznej bańki informacyjnej. Propozycja nowej koncepcji

Author(s): Iwona Osłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 30/2024

Information activities of the Russian Federation in 2023

Author(s): Karolina Kuśmirek / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2024

The subject of information activities carried out by the Russian Federation was taken up as a result of the dynamic changes taking place in the security environment. Research methods from the field of scientific research methodology typical for social sciences were used to implement the undertaken research problem. The comparative method was used to juxtapose narratives. The method of content analysis included the analysis of the source material obtained from the information environment. The introduction presents information on the essence of information activities as an element of military activities. The next section of the article presents information activities that enabled the achievement of political goals both in Russia itself and on the international arena. The conclusions indicate those activities that diversified the recipients. The result of the conducted research was the identification of those information activities that allowed the Russian Federation to impose its arguments on the Russian society and in the global competition of superpowers.

Wsparcie systemowe zdrowia psychicznego osób uczących się

Author(s): Gabriela Kękuś,Natalia Malkusz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3-4/2022

The problems with mental health among children and adolescents continues to grow. This is indicated by the increasing number of suicide attempts among minors. The purpose of this study was to draw attention to the problem of mental health of students and to create proposals for systemic solutions to support their mental well-being. Based on an online survey conducted on 313 people aged 14–25, (of which 29% were students and 71% were high school students), it was shown that at least 20% of students negatively assess their mental health as well as their self-esteem. Less than 25% of students receive help from a school psychologist, regardless of their mental health status. Additionally, respondents consider the school environment to be very stressful for them. Therefore, it is suggested to introduce systemic solutions to support students’ mental health based on reliable information and access to qualified professionals.

Fonoholizm – zagrożenie współczesnej młodzieży

Author(s): Marcin Kiper / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3-4/2022

The aim of the article is to present the most important facts about teenagers’ addiction to mobile phones on the basis of chosen subject literature. The article also presents and describes the research data. The aim of the research was the attempt to describe the chosen aspects of the phenomenon that is the use of mobile phones by teenagers. The research was carried out from May 9 to May 13, 2022 on a group of 80 students. All of the students were from a secondary school. For the purposes of the research, the diagnostic survey method was used and the tool was an original questionnaire. In the light of the obtained results, today’s youth use mobile phones in an irresponsible way and they are unaware of threat arising from abusing the mobile phones. Following the results obtained from the research, introducing the media literacy in schools should be conceptualized.

Efekt mrożący

Author(s): Wojciech Brzozowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

The chilling effect is a real threat to freedom of expression and unfettered public debate. It occurs when, as a result of the conduct of public authorities, an individual decides to refrain from freely exercising his or her rights, even though they have not been formally restricted or taken away. This self-restraint is caused by fear of the negative consequences of freely exercising one’s rights, which leads the individual to calculate whether the action in question, although formally lawful, is cost-effective. Such a fear should be real and therefore at least substantiated by objective factors. The account is less obvious if the renunciation of the exercise of rights is based on a threat that is unreal or vague.In legal discourse, the chilling effect is also identified, not necessarily correctly, in different contexts. First, it is sometimes recognised in cases of pressure by political authorities on independent judges. Second, it is claimed in relations between non-state actors, especially between government-sponsored private agencies that launch smear campaigns against political opponents, or between internet platforms and their users. Such use of the chilling effect doctrine may be intellectually appealing, but ultimately dilutes its meaning.It is much easier to identify a chilling effect when it is assumed to be the consequence of a flaw in the design of a legal provision than when it is alleged to result from acts of application of the law. In the latter case, the concept of chilling effect seems to serve two main purposes: the criticism of bad practices on the part of public actors, and the strengthening of the persuasiveness of judicial decisions that employ the concept. Its usefulness for legal analysis is therefore limited.

Kiedy cnota staje się maską tyranii, czyli jeszcze kilka uwag o rozstrzygnięciu Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w sprawie K 1/20

Author(s): Agata Niżnik-Mucha / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

In its judgment of 22.10.2020 (K 1/20), the Constitutional Court ruled out the possibility of aborting a pregnancy due to the occurrence of a so-called embryopathological premise. It deprived women of the possibility to make an autonomous decision in the case of severe and irreversible disability or incurable disease of the fetus. The paper analyses the Court’s errors in, inter alia, establishing the constitutional status of the nasciturus, conducting the dignity argument or the proportionality test. The authoress shows that the judgment is political and ideological in nature and that the Court refers to the judgment in Case K 26/96 in a selective and manipulative manner. The text to some extent polemics with the theses of P. Łącki and B. Wróblewski presented in the paper on Niekonstytucyjność tzw. aborcji eugenicznej (embriopatologicznej). Schemat argumentacji Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w sprawie K 1/20 (Unconstitutionality of the so-called eugenic (embryopathological) abortion. The pattern of argumentation of the Constitutional Tribunal in Case K 1/20), which came out in the previous issue of the “Przegląd Konstytucyjny” quarterly.

Wyrok Wielkiej Izby Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka z 11 października 2022 r. w sprawie Beeler przeciwko Szwajcarii (skarga nr 78630/12) (od MZ)

Author(s): Mateusz Danilewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

Społeczno-kulturowe tło rozwoju miasta Kuwejt. Dom kupiecki rodziny Al-Badrów

Author(s): Alelsander Pikulski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article is an attempt to look at the origins and development of Kuwait City before the oil boom as a socially created space. Its structure reflects social and economic dynamics as well as cultural and environmental sustainability, although it was the mercantile function that was the most important city-forming factor in Kuwait. The specific character and functionality of the city were determined by its location, climate, connections with the Persian Gulf and, at the same time, Bedouin traditions and culture, as exemplified by the house of the merchant family Al-Badr.

The Perception of Jalaluddin Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi, Muslim Poet and Mystic Living in the 13th Century, in Popular Culture Then and Now

Author(s): Marek Moroń / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Freedom of Expression in Privacy vs. Public Interest, a Case for Open Justice in Extended Reality

Author(s): Adnan Hadziselimovic,Krzysztof Pijarski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper continues the discussion on advanced jurisprudence, outlined in Algorithms, Ethics and Justice (Hadzi, 2022), where restorative justice was proposed for the mitigation of artificial intelligence (AI) crimes. Algorithms, Ethics and Justice proposed an alternative approach to the current legal system by looking into restorative justice for AI crimes, and how the ethics of care could be applied to AI technologies. The paper signifies an expanded version of Hadzi’s contribution to the Digital Research in Humanities and Art Conference (Hadzi, 2023), focusing on the notion of cyber offenses in extended reality (XR), given the rise of the metaverse (Anderson, Rainie, 2022; Chohan, 2022), and the future scenario of bio-metrical data of EEG capable headsets (Graham, 2022) being misused by rogue companies and/or criminals (Jaber, 2022; Nair et al., 2022; Zhao et al., 2022). The authors Begin by questioning the cyberspace – including the emerging metaverse – as public sphere, i.e. a social space in which democracy is being enacted to explore open justice in extended realities (XR), and then by continuing the discussion around the right to be forgotten and the freedom of the press versus privacy, through a comparative analysis between the legal situation in the EU and that of the USA. The paper concludes by warning against excessive state control while attempting to project a desirable scenario of multiple digital public spheres.

Czynniki kształtujące branżę medialną w fazie cyfryzacji – analiza publikacji naukowych

Author(s): Anita Uchańska-Bieniusiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The objective of the article is an attempt to identify the most important topics shaping the media industryin the second decade of the 21st century, which can be identified with the digitization phase in the development of the industry. The thematic analysis covered 591 publications that appeared in three leading scientific journals in the field of media management and media economics, i.e. “Journal of Media Economics”, “International Journal on Media Management” and “Journal of Media Business Studies”. The results of the conducted analysis were compared with the topics indicated by leading researchers in this area in leading publications defining media management and media economics, i.e. Handbook of Media Management and Economics. Differences can be observed between the topics indicated by experts as trends in the development of the industry and those dealt with by researchers publishing in scientific journals. This is important from the point of view of defining media management and media economics and further development of this field.

„Realizm i rozwaga”. Środowisko Ośrodka Dokumentacji i Studiów Społecznych wobec narodzin „Solidarności” (sierpień – listopad 1980)

Author(s): Tomasz Sikorski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2023

The article discusses the relationship of the movement associated with the Center for Documentation and Social Studies to the birth of ”Solidarity“ (August–November 1980). Established in 1967, ODiSS first remained in a close formal-legal relationship with the ”Więź“ team and the Warsaw NCI (as part of the ”Znak“ movement), then in 1974 became independent, creating a separate entity, alternative and competitive to other Catholic circles and groups. ODiSS saw Solidarity as both a labor syndicate and a mass movement for social revictimization and social empowerment. Activists and participants in the movement were actively involved in assisting regional and company structures of the union, providing advice and legal assistance, and applying for workers’ rights in the forum of the People’s Republic of Poland’s parliament. At the same time, they warned against political involvement of ”Solidarity“, demands for system change, etc. ODiSS, representing religious people, remained in close contact with Primate S. Wyszynski and the Episcopate, although it was an autonomous environment, acting on its own responsibility. It also held formal and informal talks with representatives of the communist regime. It considered it crucial for both sides of the August agreements to keep their commitments and guarantees, which was to serve a genuine national understanding and the real democratization of socialism. In its activities, it adopted the ”constructive center“ formula. Being aware of operating within the framework of the legal and political rules in force (a concessionary environment), it balanced between what was optimal and what was possible in certain political realities, hence in its assessment of “Solidarity” it maintained prudent moderation, prudence and realism.

Czy czytelnicy „Trybuny Ludu” wierzyli jeszcze w partię? Listy do Centralnego organu KC PZPR u schyłku jej istnienia. Studium źródeł z drugiej połowy lat osiemdziesiątych

Author(s): Konrad Rokicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2023

Trybuna Ludu” – the main press organ of the PZPR – presented its official political line. It was supposed to be the voice of the party leadership – not a forum for discussion. However, at the end of the 1980s, alongside the previously existing columns presenting readers’ letters selected by the editors for printing or discussion (real or fictional – this is always difficult to tell in magazines with such a propagandist and ideological profile), other kinds of readers’ voices began to appear. They were meant to be a contribution to the discussion on the necessity and shape of the reform of both the PZPR and the state. This was a discussion controlled by an editorial board which was more conservative in the sphere of ideology than the party authorities. In the surviving internal “Trybuna Ludu” bulletins and letters to the editor-in-chief, we find an overview of authentic letters that were not printed because they were too critical towards the actions of the party leadership. It was only after the loss of power by the PZPR, when the real discussion began as to whether and in what form the party could still be saved. However, it could not in any way strengthen the credibility of the PZPR in society.

Komitety uczelniane PZPR w systemie władzy. Przykład środowiska gdańskiego (do 1980 roku)

Author(s): Piotr Abryszeński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2023

This article contributes to the history of the development of Polish United Workers Party university committees on the example of the Tricity academic community. The goal of the communist party’s actions at universities was to seize control over academic affairs while simultaneously bringing students into the political mainstream through ongoing ideological and instructional initiatives. As a result, higher education’s independence was reduced and subjugated to political agendas. Recruitment of students into the PZPR ranks was not given much importance at first; it wasn’t until the 1960s that it started to receive significant attention. As a result, duties delegated by higher authorities were formalized, and there was more control over how they were carried out. Despite intensive activities aimed at increasing youth participation in party life, until the end of the existence of the Polish People’s Republic, the scope of the PZPR’s influence among students was limited. The only measurable criterion of the party’s offensive in the academic community was quantitative, not qualitative.

Strajk studencki na Wydziale Socjologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego w 1981 roku oczami Kazika Staszewskiego i Janusza Grudzińskiego

Author(s): Jarosław Ważny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2023

Wstrząsy wtórne cezury 1989/90. Interkulturowość doświadczana pomiędzy Polską, Irakiem a Niemcami.

Author(s): Basil Kerski,Miłosława Borzyszkowska‑Szewczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 83/2023

Gerard Lubiński (10 maja 1924 Starogard Gdański – 28 listopada 1996 Gdańsk)

Author(s): Józef Żerko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 83/2023

Gerard Lubinski (1924–1996) – a subiekt specialist in the care and education pedagogy; teacher and educator with 26 years of goins and meaningful achievements in institutions taking care of early childhood care in the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1948–1973); academic teacher in the University of Gdansk, Poland (1974–1990); the author of numerous works, academic script „Selected issuesof care and upbringing „included, founder of the well known in Poland, GALPED experiment on social activation of children from care homes in Pomeranian Voivodship, member of several organizations taking good care of children within the country, like The Society of the Free Polish University, Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Dzieci, Polish Scouting Association, Polish Teachers Association and International Federation of Children’s Communities included.