Czytelnicy i społeczne obiegi książek

Author(s): Zofia Zasacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article contains analyses of the reading expectations and reading tastes as well as the thematic and genre structure of Poles’ declared reading choices. It presents the most important trends in reading activity and book reading choices with the widest reading circulation and socio‑demographic determinants of Poles’ reading preferences. The article uses the analysis of the results of the annual nationwide survey of the readership of books among Poles over the age of 15 carried out by the National Library, especially two surveys from 2021 and 2022.

‘Ilemosu’ social stigma and desire for remarriage among female divorcees in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria

Author(s): Remi Kasali Alatise,Tajudeen Yusuf Adeyinka,Musediq Olufemi Lawal,Kehinde Monsurat Raji / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2024

Divorce is generally loathsome among the Yoruba people as it is morally reprehensible and socially stigmatized. Most women divorcees are derisively called ‘dalemosu’, a term that represents failures in nuptial affairs and lack of capacity to manage marital crisis. To obliterate or counteract the social disapproval and stigmatization attached to divorce, many victims attempt to enter into another conjugal relationship, while others may never care about the disdain with the warped notion that marriage presents lots of injustices, especially for women. They instead prefer finding solace in single parenthood. Notions that “all men are the same” and “marriage is for the lucky ones” were identified as strong factors that made a number of divorcee participants to lose confidence in institution of marriage institution. Leaning on the tripods of Socialist feminist, Psychoanalytic, and Social learning theories, this exploratory study inquired the shared understanding about the causes and social consequences of divorce on the female victims, the children, and the community. Qualitative data were gathered from women divorcees, community leaders, landlords, and landladies across Akinyele communities using referrals and snowballing techniques. Data collected were content-analyzed. Findings show that divorce is socially disapproved and highly discouraged among residents of the study area. Issues touching on finances, incompatibility, unfaithfulness, infertility, domestic violence, and lack of attention as common reasons for divorce. Thus, family members tend to treat female divorcees with contempt and, oftentimes, deprive them of certain social privileges. Having established that divorce produces damaging effects on society, the study recommends, among other things, the need for prospective spouses to seek the services of marriage counsellors. Mutual trust, tolerance, showing affection, as well as spending quality time with spouses in marriages, were also suggested as essential ingredients for matrimonial success.

Literackie sny zwierząt po psychoanalizie. Przypadek psów. Studium porównawcze

Author(s): Piotr Krupiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2023

The main objective of the paper is to compare two short stories: “Dog’s Dream” by Stefan Flukowski and “Waiting for the Dog to Dream” by Jerzy Ficowski. The element that both narratives have in common, as their titles indicate, is the question of their onirism. This is especially evident in Flukowski’s story, which almost in its entirety is a record of a “literary dream of psychoanalysis” (to use Inga Iwasiów’s phrase). The short story represents a fascination with Sigmund Freud, common to many writers of the interwar period, especially when it comes to his “Interpretation of Dreams.” Yet, an additional difficulty for the author of this article is the fact that the main characters of these stories – those who dream – are animals, i.e. dogs. This type of a narrative experiment demands an interpretative transgression beyond literary studies, towards natural sciences. The study includes many references to such disciplines as neurobiology, aetiology and evolutionary cognitive science.

Geopolitical Dimension of Libyan Drone Warfare: The Use of Turkish Drones on the North African Battlefields

Author(s): János Besenyő,András Málnássy / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

As a result of the "Arab Spring" and the transformation of the global world order, the MENA region, and the relations with North African countries therein, are on the rise both for the international and regional actors including Russia and China as well as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Israel, Iran and Turkey, respectively. Examining Turkey’s expansive foreign policy, we can also get an idea of how Ankara wishes to increase its sphere of interest in the wider region, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean region, by supporting a North African country. In recent years, Turkey has become one of the best-known and most important global exporters of military unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, in the world military equipment market. Turkish drone development and warfare has introduced many innovative military operational concepts that have achieved great success in the conflicts of recent years. The study examines how 'new types' of technologies such as UAVs can shape regional power dynamics through the case study of the Libyan civil war and drone warfare.

The Relationship between US-China Semiconductor Friction and US National Security: A Realism Perspective

Author(s): Yuxin Peng / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

In recent years, the US has been escalating sanctions on China’s semiconductor industry, attributing these measures to national security concerns in official statements. This study employs a realism theory framework to analyse these sanctions, emphasizing their connection to US national security. US national security aims to achieve global influence in both military and non-military domains, with the semiconductor industry playing a crucial role in US national security and economic stability. The emerging capabilities of China’s semiconductor industry pose potential challenges to these critical aspects. In the military domain, China has deployed artificial intelligence and 5G technologies for military purposes, attaining capabilities comparable to the US. These technologies heavily rely on semiconductor chips as hardware support. In response, the US targets China’s semiconductor industry, aiming to indirectly impede China’s military competition. Additionally, the US position in the global semiconductor manufacturing value chain renders it relatively vulnerable. Given the US dependence on key products manufactured in China, concerns about the security of the semiconductor value chain arise. Therefore, motivated by national security considerations, the US has implemented significant sanctions on China’s semiconductor industry to address the military and economic threats posed by China.

Geopolitics and Geostrategy of the GIUK Gap: Rising Stakes in a Strategic Sea Corridor

Author(s): Matěj Prášil / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This study explores the geopolitical and geostrategic significance of the GIUK (Greenland, Iceland, United Kingdom) Gap, a region of the North Atlantic Ocean between those respective islands, part of the broader Arctic realm known as the High North. It begins with a short overview of the historical development of the GIUK Gap's geopolitical and geostrategic significance, followed by an analysis of the region's current geopolitical and geostrategic dynamics. For the analysis, Walt’s balance of threat was employed as a neorealistic theoretical framework, with four specific variables chosen. This theory assumes that states try to balance potential threats. The study highlights the growing importance of the GIUK Gap for both NATO and the Russian Federation, whose interests have increasingly clashed in recent years. The paper argues that the deteriorating relations between NATO and Russia following the annexation of Crimea in 2014 have causally contributed to the growing importance of the GIUK Gap.

Shifting Narratives of the Alternative for Germany

Author(s): Dita Sutterová,Vincent Kopeček / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This article examines the evolving narratives of the German political party Alternative for Germany (AfD) and its potential as a hybrid threat. Through narrative manipulation, the AfD has demonstrated its ability to influence public discourse and distort reality via disinformation dissemination. The AfD established in 2013 in response to the financial crisis and dissatisfaction with the European Union, has transitioned into a populist party, and along with this change, it has also changed its narrative. This shift was notably evident during the migrant crisis in 2015, showcasing the party's adeptness at evoking fear and animosity among German voters. The AfD's narratives have been for years similar to those of the Russian Federation, which has used almost identical narratives on some topics. The German party is consequently working with Russian politicians to reshape democratic politics within Europe, and the AfD is accordingly acting as a hybrid threat to the entire European Union. The study is based on a discourse analysis of interviews conducted with German experts on the topic as well as a content analysis of selected German media to explore these narrative dynamics and their broader implications.

Israeli Military Artificial Intelligence, Its Possible Use in the War in Gaza

Author(s): Veronika D´Evereux / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This paper is focused on examining selected Israeli technologies operating based on artificial intelligence and the possible use of these technologies by the Israeli Defense Forces in the war in Gaza. These technologies include the Besorah system, an AI technology for identifying and recommending targets suitable for aerial bombardment, as well as other forms of attacks carried out from a distance. The SMASH system is an automatic targeting and firing system for small arms. The Goshawk system is a fully autonomous UAV used for aerial protection. The IRIS robot can be used for the initial investigation of tunnels ahead of assaults. The alleged use of these technologies in the war in Gaza cannot be verified by independent sources, mainly due to the ongoing conflict. The paper strives to present a general theoretical assessment of these technologies and weapons from the perspective of international law and armed conflicts.

ФЕНОМЕН ЧИТАЊА И ЊЕГОВА УЛОГА У САВРЕМЕНО ДОБА

Author(s): Hana Hodžić,Ajdina Župić,Esma Demirović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2023

The main matter of this research is phenomenon of reading, has won totally different sense among the society which is witnessing the biggest achievements in technology. A lot of people used to write about the fact of how much important reading is and how the reading activity influences personality development in total, one of them was Nil Gaiman, which warns about the future of illiterate generations. On the other side position of literate society, the one that fosters active reading is out of the crisis to be unhappy, uneducated, personalities without flat and emphaty which most often give themselves to some vices. In this paper the function of literature has been highlighted that represents people need, that forms him and his views on the world. Value and importance of literature has been explained in details by Bogdan Popovic in his essay "About literature", hundred year ago. There we are ablo to see two different perspectives of literature reading, especially on fiction and here we can realise how ideas even a long years distance have stayed the same. One of the ideas that has been mentioned in this paper is how reading is a key and libraries are gates of future. Role of teachers in the process of learning, development and nurturing the active reading is the key in the process of education. Alongside the family from where everything starts and incentivises, school is also responsible for growing generations of active readers, the ones that will see the future in libraries. At the end of this paper some annual informations about usage od literature for kids and adults are adults, actually the informations of how much people are visiting the state library "Dositej Obradovic" in Novi Pazar are included.

УТИЦАЈ ПРИМЕНЕ ИКТ НА ПОСТИГНУЋА УЧЕНИКА У КОМБИНОВАНОМ ОДЕЉЕЊУ

Author(s): Senka Vukajlović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2023

The goal of this research was to determine the effectiveness of ICT on the achievements of students in combined classes, and same time on changing the way teachers work in the teaching process. The attitudes and opinions of teachers, students and parents about the use of ICT in teaching were examined. The research was related to the population represented in the so-called "small schools" in rural areas, which have combined or undivided classes, and therefore a small number of students. Using a non-experimental method, the data were collected on the attitudes of teachers, students and parents. A scale method was used, while the basic instruments for data collection were non-standardized surveys for students, teachers and parents. Results obtained are tabulated and presented graphically, while the percentage calculation method was used in the statistical processing. The test sample included 28 students, 8 teachers and 54 parents. The results obtained from the research will greatly help to improve the quality of teaching using ICT in combined classes. Teachers must be adequately rewarded, and classrooms must be better equipped. Significant differences were also observed regarding the effects of ICT in teaching, depending on the parents. It is necessary to train the parents of the students, so that the application of ICT gives even better effects.

Religiosity of Muslim girls, participation in extracurricular activities and its effects on their educational aspiration: A moderated mediation model

Author(s): Md. Shahidul Islam Sarker / Language(s): English,Czech Issue: 2/2023

The present study aims to determine whether girls’ participation in extracurricular activities at schools mediates the relationship between religiosity and their educational aspirations, and if so, how this effect varies depending on parental education. Altogether, 312 Muslim female students in Grades 9 and 10 from eight secondary schools in Bangladesh were interviewed. Ar part of the study, an inferential test of the conditional indirect effect of the independent variable at specified moderator values on the dependent variable was conducted using the Hayes’ percentile approach. Analyses revealed that girls’ religiosity has an indirect and significant adverse effect on their educational aspirations through their participation in extracurricular activities and the relationship, significantly moderated by the level of their parents’ education.

REPUBLIKA Godina X (1998), Broj 202-203, 1-31. decembar

Author(s): Edward Deutsch,Bojan Al Pinto Brkić,Dušan Mojsin,Branislav Fatić,Mirko Đorđević,Lidija Jovetić,Nebojša Popov,Jelašin Sinovec,Dragan S. Cvetković,Dragoš Ivanović,Mirjana Stojanović,Siniša Stankov,Zoja Jovanov,Stipe Sikavica,Nebojša Spaić,Ljubodrag D. Dimić,Safet Bandžović,Dimitrije Bajalica,Boris Buden,Jelena Veljković,Jovan Despotović,Nastasja Radović,Miodrag Stanisavljević,Olga Zirojević,Jörg Engelbrecht / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 202-203/1998

Sociální pedagogové v českých školách – výzkumná zpráva

Author(s): Jan Šmída,Tomáš Čech / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The research report titled "Sociální pedagogové v českých školách" explores the role and impact of social pedagogues in Czech schools. Conducted by the Association of Social Pedagogues and the Institute of Pedagogy and Social Studies at Palacký University, the study aims to identify the activities performed by social pedagogues in the school environment. The research highlights the increasing need for social pedagogues due to evolving societal challenges and their significant role in supporting socially disadvantaged students. Despite their importance, the position lacks adequate societal support and systematic funding, often relying on project-based financing. The study involved 72 social pedagogues from various regions, revealing insights into their demographics, educational background, and the schools they serve. Key findings include the predominance of female social pedagogues, the variability in their educational qualifications, and the challenges in maintaining the position due to financial constraints. The report underscores the necessity for institutionalizing the role and securing stable funding to ensure continuity and effectiveness in addressing the needs of students and schools.

Социологически поглед към автономията на изкуството

Author(s): Ivan Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The autonomy of art does not mean that from the Renaissance onwards there was a period in which art depended only on itself and on nothing else. Artists did break away from the traditional spheres of mythology, religion, and courtly canons, but they consistently and explicitly inscribed their works within the freer and broader objective structures of social communication, from immediate interpersonal communication all the way to the various forms of mass communication. Art takes on a new, completely free publicity that emphasizes the highly marketable and communicative character of the artwork and the mass character of its audience. Under the influence and support of different and even contradictory audiences, art is constantly changing its artistic form and social meaning. Considered in this way, autonomy represents a constantly changing form of socialization of art that also reaches very high, unique, and autonomous degrees of individualization of the artistic process. Within this process, the artist is now more subject to norms and rules that he freely and unconstrainedly chooses for himself and which he imposes on his imagination. But the specific characteristics of this free art must also be seen and understood as internal ciphers of a hidden external social context.

Хиперментално-неосъзнаваното в изобразителното изкуство през втората половина на ХХ–началото на ХХІ век

Author(s): Krasimir Delchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The article analyzes the hypermental unconscious during the latter half of the 20th and early 21st centuries.

РЕФЛЕKСИЈЕ СТУДЕНАТА МАСТЕРСКИХ СТУДИЈА СРБИСТИКЕ О КВАЛИТЕТУ НАСТАВЕ НА ПРЕДМЕТУ МЕТОДИКА НАСТАВЕ СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА КАО СТРАНОГ

Author(s): Aleksandar M. Novaković,Saša J. Kostadinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

The topic of this article is the evaluation of the quality of teaching in the course The Methodology of Teaching Serbian as a Foreign Language, which was introduced in the school year 2021/2022 in the postgraduate program of Serbian language studies at the Faculty of Philosophy in the University of Nis. The goal of the research is to create a clearer image about the quality of teaching of the course itself, as well as to extract specific conclusions about the possible improvements to the course. In the article I used the method of theoretical analysis as well the method of content analysis, in other words the descriptive method with the techniques of surveying and scaling. Although only nine students attended the postgraduate program, and only five elected this course, I received valuable results from two students in particular, surveyed before the start and after the end of the course. The students noted several reasons for their overall satisfaction with the course they attended, namely the appropriateness of the activities and the scope of the course material, as well as the number of ESP points entailed in the course, in other words the compatibility between the actual activities the students performed in the course and those activities entailed in the curriculum. Additionally, other positives included: a systematic, complete and harmonious organization of the lecture and tutorial classes, the use of class materials prepared by the teacher before every class -bibliographies, specific lessons and video-materials, the punctual realization and evaluation of pre-examination obligations, as well as the practice of working with cameras during online classes (established during the appearance and spread of the Corona virus). However, apart from positive remarks the students offered several negative comments, mainly those pertaining to the insufficient time allocated for: 1) the creation of student teaching materials (textbook lessons), 2) work with foreign students, and 3) the exhaustion of attending tutorial classes which were held immediately after the lecture classes.

ЧИТАЛАЧКА КУЛТУРА УЧЕНИКА ТРЕЋЕГ И ЧЕТВРТОГ РАЗРЕДА ГИМНАЗИЈЕ

Author(s): Branka R. Brčkalo,Zlatko M. Pavlović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

The printed book and traditional literacy, on which our societies have based since the Gutenberg revolution, are increasingly being replaced today by electronic screens and digital literacy. The changes that have taken place in all aspects of life in the last few decades are also reflected in school teaching and students' reading culture. It is well known that books are written for someone to read and that literature is concretized and realized only thanks to the mediating experience of those who read a literary work. We were interested in the reading culture of the students of the third and fourth grade of the general grammar school, because we believe that they are active readers with a built-in reading taste. The aim of this paper is to analyze the reading culture of third and fourth grade high school students in schools belonging to the city of East Sarajevo. With a questionnaire designed for research purposes, we measured several indicators that indicate the level of reading culture. The results of the research suggest that students are generally interested in reading, that they still value the printed book and that they read mostly aesthetically valuable books, ie. that the level of reading culture can be considered satisfactory. Also, the results indicate that the interest in reading is more pronounced among female students and students with better school performance (especially in Serbian language).

ДИДАКТИКА (савремени токови) Сефедин Шеховић, Филдуза Прушевић

Author(s): Veljko R. Banđur / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

Review of: DIDACTIC (contemporary trends) Sefedin Šehović, Filduza Prušević (2021), Belgrade, Faculty of Teachers, 668 pages

REPUBLIKA Godina X (1998), Broj 201, 16-30. novembar

Author(s): Konstantin Obradović,Olivija Rusovac,Gordana Perunović Fijat,Slavko Golić,Siniša Stankov,Dragoš Ivanović,Lidija Jovetić,Svetozar Mužijević,Mirko Đorđević,Vladimir Vereš,Nastasja Radović,Miodrag Stanisavljević,Nebojša Popov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 201/1998

ЈА САМ ОНАЈ КОЈИ ЈЕСАМ!

Author(s): Ruža Jeličić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

Students are born as beings without engraved stereotypes, false beliefs, imposed fears, labels, ... But during their lives, they absorb opinions and philosophies from parents, guardians, teachers, societies, societies that shape their identity. The challenge is to understand for yourself, without anyone's influence, what fulfills them, what they are good at, in order to make the best use of their time and recognize what they would do. Students should always start from the analysis of their internal capacities, because only they can be realistic and stable indicators, which do not depend on external influences. This paper talks about the fact that only an objective and realistic picture of oneself gives students the opportunity to assess which knowledge and characteristics can contribute to achieving goals, and what hinders them from achieving balance, fulfilled life and desires.