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Kwalifikacje zawodowe wybranych zawodów medycznych – charakterystyka wymogów prawnych i aspektów praktycznych

Author(s): Paweł Lipowski,Maja Mydel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

In terms of legal requirements for medical personnel, education plays a key role – in each of the analyzed medical professions – it must be a higher education. In the field of post-graduate education (after obtaining the right to practice), it is also possible to complete a specialization course, as a result of which one is able to obtain the title of specialist. As a part of this form of education, medical personnel should constantly improve their professional qualifications in various forms, e.g. qualification courses and specialized training. The provisions of the analyzed acts relating to the so-called independent medical professions indicate, above all, that in order to practice each of the medical professions, it is necessary to hold (maintain) the right to practice the profession and that is subject to the obligation of continuous education, verified by medical boards. The law specifies legal requirements for people who want to practice medicine, in the first place, students of medical faculties. They establish the conditions for obtaining the prerequisite to practice the profession and provide for the need of the continuous postgraduate education after fulfilling the education requirement. This solution introduces a significant scope of legal liability for people who want to practice a given medical profession, which guarantees an appropriate level of protection for patients. Legal regulations for medical professions are in many cases similar, although there are separate legal solutions.

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Informatyzacja systemu ochrony zdrowia – problemy i wyzwania. Część I

Author(s): Artur Romaszewski,Szczepan Jakubowski,Mariusz Duplaga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The ongoing development of information and communications technology (ICT) is forcing the EU legislation to implement a modern legal framework (eIDAS 2.0) for emerging new services. In the case of trust services, neither electronic seals nor maintenance service for the electronic signatures and seals used to sign medical records in electronic format have been implemented in the Polish healthcare system so far. The European Digital Identity Wallet (EDIW) is expected to become a new European electronic identification method with potential in a cross-border healthcare. The integrated electronic identification method is intended to facilitate and streamline the identification process in different European countries, which is particularly important when using online services such as e-banking or e-government (in healthcare). Healthcare entities should ensure that procedures and tools for identifying individuals comply with current regulations and quality standards.

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Фактори, определящи високата динамика на цените и на структурата на потреблението на домакинствата в България (1998–2013)

Author(s): Ekatherina Tzvetanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

This study analyses the price dynamic of the goods included in the Bulgarian consumer price inflation basket. The study aims to check which factors affect the high price changes. It is applied cluster analysis and econometric method to evaluate the price and income elasticity of demand. It is determined the factors which trigger the high level of price changes. Factors such as new taxes, significant tax increases, or changes in the tax regime, could permanently change the demand‘s elasticity. It is derived conclusions.

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Развитие на туристическа дестинация Пловдив – Актуално състояние, проблеми и перспективи за развитие

Author(s): Stefania Temelkova Temelkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The sustainability of development achieved until the beginning of 2020, when tourism was one of the fastest-growing sectors globally, has been interrupted, and a year later, the reality is different. Creating new strategies and finding new approaches to adaptation in response to new challenges is a challenge for the management of any tourist destination. Given these conditions, the challenges facing Plovdiv aimed at increasing the competitiveness and effectiveness of the tourist product destination Plovdiv through full use of the available cultural, historical and natural resources, improvement of the information and advertising environment, diversification of the tourist product and increasing the quality of the services offered, positioning and marketing of the destination.

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Личностови разстройства и склонност към гняв и доминиране в юношеска възраст

Author(s): Plamen Kalchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The paper presents two studies of the effects of personality disorders, as defined by the DSM-5 categorical and dimensional perspectives, on anger, dominance, and frustration-anger. The first of these (with 833 adolescents, listwise cases) included narcissistic and sadistic personality disorders, and the second (with 401 adolescents, listwise cases) included five pathological personality traits: negative affect, antagonism, detachment, disinhibition, and psychotism. The effects of two additional variables, fear induction and fearlessness, were also assessed in both studies. In accordance with the ideas about the content of the evaluated constructs, the tested structural models define personality disorders/pathological personality traits as independent variables, frustration-anger as dependent variable, and anger and tendency to dominate as causally related mediators. The evaluation of the structural models shows very good prognostic possibilities in relation to dominance (with 66% and 62% variance explained, with anxiety induction as the main predictor), good, in relation to frustration-anger (with 43% and 40% variance explained, and a stronger effect of anger) and weaker, for anger (with 10% and 32% variance explained, with stronger effects of narcissistic personality disorder and negative affect).

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Въпросник за дименсии на развитието на идентичността. Начални данни за юноши в България

Author(s): Boyana Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The current study presents data from the validation of the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale among Bulgarian adolescents. The study was conducted among 326 students aged 15 to 19 years. The results reveal a five-factor structure in line with the original questionnaire’s structure, which includes four dimensions reflecting adaptive development – Commitment making, Identification with commitment, Exploration in breadth, Exploration in depth, and one reflects maladaptive development and is associated with procrastination, inability to make choices, and hesitation – Ruminative exploration. The validity of the instrument was also tested using two personality questionnaires reflecting the dimensional approach to personality – the Big Five Inventory-2 assessing the adaptive pole of the traits Negative Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Open-Mindedness, and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5: Brief Form, which assesses the maladaptive, extreme pole of the same five characteristics. The results partially correspond to the expectation that maladaptive characteristics have stronger relationships with Ruminative Exploration, and adaptive ones with some of the other dimensions of identity development.

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Кариерни предпочитания и емоционална интелигентност (като черта) на студенти от поколение Z

Author(s): Yoana Yankulova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The study presents results obtained from an online survey conducted via the Google Forms platform and dedicated to studying the characteristics of career preferences and emotional intelligence (as a trait) of Generation Z students. Three hundred and four representatives of this generation were included in the study and their demographic profile was described based on various demographic and educational characteristics (gender, age, field of study, major studied, grade point average from the previous academic year, university). For the study, two research instruments were applied to learn more about their career preferences (Handbook for Working and Unemployed Tourism Sector Career Seekers) and emotional intelligence (as a trait) (Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Adolescence Short Form) (Petrides et al., 2007). The results obtained in the Bulgarian academic context have been statistically and mathematically processed and psychologically interpreted. The outlined patterns and conclusions testify that, although strongly digitally connected, young people of Generation Z make efforts to acquire systematic scientific knowledge in the course of their academic studies and to form specialized professional skills in due time. In parallel, they strive to improve their well-being and successfully cope with various challenges and stressful situations. Such results may be useful not only for the work of professionals, but also in terms of higher education policies in relation to the philosophy, methodology, organisation and delivery of academic learning and professional training of students.

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Някои последствия от поляризацията между личностни черти

Author(s): Krasen Ferdinandov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

This paper presents the results of two psychological research studies. The first, called "What Makes You Feel Good and How Do You Achieve It?," was conducted with a total of 823 participants. The second, called "Which Are Your Strengths and Weaknesses?," was conducted with a total of 983 subjects. We used several short questionnaires to gather self-reports about four "dark" traits, five adaptive and five dysfunctional traits, and measures of authenticity and well-being. Мathematical indices of systematic noise and impairment of the benefit of personal self-report are derived from the indices obtained with two short versions of a socially desirable responding questionnaire. More likely correlations and interaction parameters across the two sets of indices were explored using network analysis, and variation across more detailed examples of gender specificity affecting the relationships between dysfunctional personality traits and self-esteem devaluation, systemic noise, adaptive personality traits, well-being, and additional control indices of striving for authenticity – self-alienation and acceptance of external influence were examined according to their degree of betweenness, closeness, and expected influence.

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„Красотата в несъвършенството“ – концепцията за уаби-саби като път към личното процъфтяване

Author(s): Georgi Garkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The question of how people react to the presence of imperfection intersects numerous constructs within contemporary psychology, and has an important role in mental functioning. There are still no conceptual frameworks or constructs, however, aimed specifically at the attitude towards imperfection – in its positive and negative aspects, or according to its prevalence in different existential contexts. In view of these tendencies, the present article attempts to examine the concept of wabi-sabi as a potential alternative to the existing approaches within the empirical literature that is inspired by the nondual aspects of Japanese philosophical and creative tradition.

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THE TRANSFORMATION OF WOMAN STEREOTYPE PRESENTED TO CHILDREN THROUGH DISNEY'S ANIMATED FAIRY TALES

Author(s): Vera Virijević Mitrović / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2023

Proceeding from the need to use one concrete example to show the power with which media and modern visual content can have an impact on children of an early age, we point to the inexhaustible field of psychological influence and sociological response to Walt Disney's animated fairy tales.In this paper, our goal is to determine the appearance and change of gender stereotypes, first of all, the change of stereotypes of women and their social role through the characters of princesses – the main heroines of animated fairy tales by The Walt Disney Studios; with particular reference to the importance of the influence that popular cartoons have on the age of preschool children. We use the method of analysis and comparison of a sample of fairy tales, according to the chronology of creation, taking into account both the meaning of the story and the scenario, as well as the wealth of visual and musical content with which these popular animated films captivate children. The analysis shows that the changes in social stereotypes of women in the range from the middle of the 20th century to today are clearly evident in the representation of women in the animated Disney fairy tale, as well as changes in the importance and role of male characters. Taking into account the enormous viewership and popularity of these cartoons, we conclude that through an animated film as one of the powerful media content that influences preschool children, it is possible to project the ideal of a woman-heroine to the youngest age of girls, simultaneously portraying changes in the stereotype of their partners. Forming the image of a woman as girls who identify with Disney princesses would like to become can have a far-reaching sociological impact in the formation of attitudes, both about the role of women in the modern social moment, and about gender identity in general. Gender roles and their psychological characteristics have completely changed in the twenty-first century compared to the twentieth century. The revolution in terms of 3d animation and graphic solutions, i.e. the artistic embodiment of that virtual world, is followed by a revolution in terms of the role and characteristics of male and female characters in an animated fairy tale.In the current social moment, an important task for educators is the question of recognizing in video content for children the redefinition of the concepts of gender and sex. The recommendation of this research is that educators become aware of the influence of visual arts on the creation of gender stereotypes, select and present them in a way that does not violate the democratic standards of modern society, but also does not offend the tradition and importance of the natural family environment from which most children come.Considering the conclusions about the powerful and effective influence of the mass media on the formation and choice of ideals that are recommended to children of an early age through animated content, the question arises of the need for parents and educators to become aware of these influences and, with such knowledge, offer children positive views and interpretations, as well as selection of alternative visual contents.

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ULOGA UMETNOSTI U VASPITANJU DECE PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA

Author(s): Bojana Nikolić,Emilija Popović,Jelena Veljković Mekić,Dragana Dragutinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/2023

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of the presence of art and artwork in the educational practice of preschool children. The paper highlights and explains the importance of learning through art at an early age, taking into account the recent history of pedagogical thought on the subject (Movement for education through art, teaching of Reggio Emija), as well as contemporary research and trends in the field of education. As an example of good practice, the paper presents an experimental educational program of art workshops for the youngest. The workshops were conducted by experts in the fields of fine and musical arts, and literature. Carefully selected contents from the history of art (architecture, music, fine arts, literature) were presented to the children in a methodologically adequate way. The workshops were accompanied by musical works from all eras with which the children were introduced, performed on instruments typical of that time. By monitoring the children's reactions and analyzing their creative responses (drawings, objects, paintings, works of applied art), it was concluded that the children gave adequate responses to the offered content, that they managed to build a certain aesthetic attitude towards the displayed content and give their creative response. In addition to the presence of artists in the kindergarten, we emphasize the necessity of permanent education of educators in the field of art, cooperation of kindergartens with institutions that deal with the education of educators, as well as cooperation with cultural institutions at the local and national level (galleries, museums, libraries, concerts).

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BIBLIOTHERAPEUTIC MODELS IN CREATIVE TEACHING CHILDREN'S LITERATURE

Author(s): Mirzana Pašić Kodrić,Carlos Sousa Reis / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2023

Although the term bibliotherapy takes on special significance in the twenty-first century, bibliotherapeutic practices are as old as humankind. Although of a fictional nature, literature has always had the power to influence the psychological states of children in particular, because bibliotherapy primarily involves the oral narration of various literary genres and reading literary texts to prevent and treat certain psychological difficulties and to nurture mental health in general. This means that children, through listening to the lyrics of lullabies, at the earliest age are exposed to bibliotherapy, and while growing up and reading various literary texts, watching movies, listening to music, etc. this action only intensifies. Therefore, it is necessary to examine how children's literature in the class of Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian language and literature through adequate work of teachers can therapeutically contribute to the positive characteristics of the child's personality. This paper uses Gestalt therapy to examine the therapeutic effect of the text Ashemed of his Mother by Ivan Cankar from the reader for children in 4th grade in primary schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to preserve the mental health of younger pupils. In the entire bibliotherapeutic process of teaching literature, the education and creativity of teachers who teach children's literature are of particular importance, and the paper offers certain methodological guidelines for teachers of children's literature in the bibliotherapeutic direction.

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„LERON” MEĐUNARODNI FESTIVAL FOLKLORA U VODNJANU U KONTEKSTU MULTIKULTURALNOSTI

Author(s): Ana Debeljuh,Ivana Paula Gortan-Carlin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 5/2023

Vodnjan is a city on the Istrian peninsula. According to the 2021 census, it has 5,838 inhabitants, of which 59.7% are Croats, 15% Italians, 5.5% Bosniaks, and Albanians, Montenegrins, Roma, Serbs and other of the twenty two recognized national minorities in Croatia. The community of Italians in the town of Vodnjan (Comunità degli Italiani di Dignano) pays great attention to the cultivation of customs, historical heritage and cultural heritage, the love it has for traditional national costumes, music and songs, and also cultivates the coexistence, that is, the culture and traditions of all the ethnic groups that live in the town and in surroundings. The twenty first International Folklore Festival "Leron" took place from August 24 to 26, 2023. Through it, the City of Vodnjan and the Italian Community of Vodnjan promote multiculturalism, "the message of peace, friendship and brotherhood". The festival lasts from two to three days in August. It takes place in the Vodnjan square, where the folklore customs of various peoples are interwoven. On the streets of Vodnjan, a parade of colourful costumes, sounds of instruments, songs and dances takes place. The festival gathers folklore groups from various countries that present their folk dances and costumes. Thus, in addition to the Croatians, folklore groups from eighteen countries performed. For a few days, Vodnjan becomes a centre of multiculturalism where national diversity is presented and its own culture and traditions are nurtured. Within the framework of the festival, round tables are organized in which ethnological and ethnomusicological experts are involved. The end of the event itself is marked by the awarding of prizes. The organizers of the festival are the Italian Community of Vodnjan and the Italian Union in cooperation with the National University of Trieste, and the festival itself got its name from the traditional Vodnjan musical instrument leron, a stringed instrument similar to a cello with two strings. The archive of the Italian Community in Vodnjan was used to write this article. Folkloric groups are presented by country with the indicated year of performance. As a case study, the repertoire of Istrian folklore groups (sung, played or danced performances) performed in 2023 is analyzed in more detail. The aim of this work is to list the folklore groups that performed at "Leron" during the twenty one years of the festival's existence in order to preserve the archive of folklore heritage in the Istrian area. When people write about folk music in Istria, the Croatian tradition is mostly described. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the folklore tradition of Italians and Montenegrins in Istria to confirm the multiculturalism hypothesis at the Vodnjan folklore festival.

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FEATURES OF MARKETING TRAINING IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION

Author(s): Nadezhda Dimova / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2023

We all live in specific times. We are changing as consumers, producers and society as a whole. We specifically learn many things, both about ourselves and about the environment around us. Under the influence of digitalisation, we have become different both as people and as consumers. Higher education has also changed and is beginning to meet the challenges of the external environment. The implemented innovative approaches will provide excellent competencies, which are aimed at digitalization of the curricula and real achievement of sustainable development within the 21st century Education. Digitization has a significant impact on the volume, speed and variety of data that is important for marketing decision-making. Marketing training, which is highly subject to digital changes, is emerging as a significant challenge. The results of this training are also important for companies that work in the digital economy, because marketing specialists should rethink their behavior for processing this data and transforming it into real actions to improve marketing results. As a result, the demand for data skills has grown significantly, mainly due to the lack of skills in modern marketing, which is driven by analytics, digital marketing and marketing technologies.

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Wybory klientów w czasie pandemii jako wyzwanie rozwojowe dla podmiotów rynku e-commerce

Author(s): Marcin Komańda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 194/2023

The presented article aims to identify the possibilities of development in the activities of entities operating in the Polish e-commerce market in the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of choices made by customers of e-commerce websites. For this purpose, data contained in market reports published by Gemius for 2020, 2021 and 2022 are analyzed. The research results indicate that the main development challenges for e-commerce entities during the pandemic were to ensure the economy, speed, and reliability of transaction execution, and in the context of the expectations of individual customer groups, it was possible to attract and retain them based on specific (important to customers) aspects of the relationship with the seller while shaping the value contained in the offer.

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Postoje žiakov športových a nešportových tried k inklúzii žiaka so zrakovým postihnutím do vyučovania telesnej a športovej výchovy

Author(s): Dagmar Nemček,Barbora Kyselová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2024

The research aimed to investigate and compare the attitudes of students in sports and mainstream classes toward the inclusion of a student with a visual impairment in physical and sports education classes. Attitudes were analysed separately for the areas of social interaction, modifications to the rules of sports games, and from an overall perspective of inclusion. The research population consisted of a total of 232 primary school students in grades 6 to 9 educated in mainstream classes (n=152) and in sports classes (n=80). The research data were collected using the standardized CAIPE-R questionnaire modified for the inclusion of students with visual impairment (α=0.735). The research found significant differences in social interactions (U=4343, p=0.00**), in modifications of sports game rules (U=4647, p=0.00**), and in the overall attitudes toward inclusion of a student with visual impairment in physical and sports education (U=4185, p=0.00**) in favour of more positive attitudes for students in mainstream classes compared to students in sport classes.

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Młodzież wobec wartości demokratycznego ładu społecznego. Komunikat z badań dynamicznych i porównawczych

Author(s): Maria, Marta Urlińska,Zbigniew Kazimierz Kwieciński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The text is a presentation of the preliminary results of team research on the attitude of students towards the value of the renewal of social order, reconstructed in Piotr Sztompka’s “renewal decalogue”. On the basis of the results of the exploration carried out 30 years ago on “Youth in relation to the values and norms of social life”, a new scientific research was designed. It was carried out at several Polish and Ukrainian universities, in a group of students from several faculties. Ten values and forty norms of social life were assessed twice on a six-point scale. The respondents were first asked to indicate to what extent they considered certain values of social life as personally important and how they influenced their lives in various social situations. Then, they had to assess to what extent the given norms are noticed in their environment and are present in contemporary social life. The research report contains the results of the exploration of only a part of the study cohort, 272 students of pedagogy from Polish universities and 91 students from pedagogical universities in Ukraine. The obtained results were additionally compared with those obtained three decades earlier in a group of students of the same faculty.

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Gwarancja dla odrobiny umysłu

Author(s): Dorota Chabrajska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

W eseju podjęte zostało zagadnienie zmiany kulturowej zachodzącej w rezultacie coraz silniejszej obecności sztucznej inteligencji w świecie wartości ludzkich. W analizie odniesiono się do problemów, na które wskazują filozof nauki i matematyk John C. Lennox oraz inicjator badań nad sztuczną inteligencją Elon Musk. W szczególności podjęto zagadnienia zmiany statusu humanistyki w kulturze oraz formalizacji aktywności kulturowej i powszechnie przyjmowanego w związku z nią prymatu rozwiązań algorytmicznych nad doświadczeniem jednostkowym. W tym kontekście przedstawiono zagadnienie świadomości w odniesieniu do sztucznej inteligencji i „myślących” maszyn, a także wskazano, że praca tych maszyn jest zasadniczo różna od pracy umysłu ludzkiego, który nie podlega algorytmizacji i skutecznie funkcjonuje, dysponując nawet niewielką liczbą danych. Przywołano tezę Lennoxa o tendencji do stosowania w dyskursie na temat sztucznej inteligencji języka antropomorfizującego, który sprawia, że zatracamy pojęciowy dystans między rozumieniem umysłu a rozumieniem matematycznego konstruktu, którym są „myślące” maszyny. Wskazano również na – podkreślane przez Noama Chomsky’ego – różnice między nabywaniem języka przez człowieka, a uczeniem się go przez ChatGPT i zarysowano kulturowe oraz społeczne zagrożenia związane z zastosowaniem sztucznej inteligencji w celu prowadzenia inżynierii społecznej.

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Attendance and Academic Performance in University Studies in Tourism

Author(s): Víctor Orive Serrano,Raúl Postigo,Roy Janoch / Language(s): English Issue: 75/2024

Academic literature has extensively studied the relationship between classroom attendance and academic performance in higher education. However, there is a lack of specific studies on higher education in tourism. To address this gap, this study investigates the correlation between class attendance and grades achieved by students in the Tourism Degree programme at the University of Zaragoza. The research incorporates variables of interest such as gender, academic year and course repetition, significantly contributing to the proposed predictive model. The subgroup analysis shows that women and students who do not repeat courses exhibit higher attendance rates and achieve better academic outcomes. Class attendance and course repetition are the most influential factors affecting students’ final grades.

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EKONOMIA I EDUKACJA EKONOMICZNA W OKRESIE „POWROTU HISTORII”

Author(s): Marek Ratajczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The study attempts to discuss economics as a science and, to a lesser extent, economic education at the academic level in the context of changes in the socio-economic and political environment since the beginning of the twenty-first century. Following Robert Kagan, this period was called the „return of history”, in opposition to the term „end of history” popularized by Francis Fukuyama in the 1990s. The main features of eco- nomics as a science and potential changes in the further development of economics are presented. The re-socialization of economics is particularly desirable in the sense of rethinking everything associated with economics belonging to the social sciences. Challenges related to developing economics teaching at a higher level were also indi- cated. It is desirable to extend the educational perspective in the education of future economists and managers. The professionalism and practicality of higher education studies in economics and management cannot be contrasted with their academic and theoretical nature.

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