Книги 2014–2015 г.
Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in 2014-2015
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in 2014-2015
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year.
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year
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The link between silence and death has been a recurring theme of human thought and can often be found in reflections on music. Among many attempts to approach this problem, the author of this paper focuses on those done by Gisèle Brelet and Tōru Takemitsu. The “faithful companion” of music which “perpetually is born, dies and is born again” – this is one of the ways in which French musicologist describes silence. “For a human being, there is always the duality of life and death. Music as an art form always has to connect vehemently with both” – notices Japanese composer, who in another statement combines silence with “the dark world of death”. Interestingly, both Brelet and Takemitsu arrive at the conclusion that such connotations may well be the source of the fear of silence that affects some composers or performers. Despite different contexts, some analogies to their thought – like connecting silence with nothingness and loneliness – may be also found in the Canadian composer Raymond Murray Schafer’s writings, presented fragmentarily in the last subsection. The differences in the notion of the problem between the authors are, moreover, discussed in this paper.
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There are testaments from the 16th century preserved in Kremnica state archive. They are written in Latin, German and in one sample also in Slovak language. Last wills prepared a man for a death in spiritual and secular (division of property) way. Testaments eliminated conflict between secular property and desire for an eternal life. Formally testaments consist of several parts – invocation, intitulation, profession of faith, passages about human mortality, composing of the last will and redress of sins, heritages of property, confirmation, corroborating and date formulas. The content of the testaments is an important historical source for economic, law, culture, regional history and also history of material culture and everyday life.
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Materials about the nature of personal relationships are an important source of information about everyday life. This article bring information on daily life and attention is focused on the city of Krakow. In addition leading themes, personal relationships contain a lot of information about the difficulties with the supply and quality of housing, the attitude towards the changes taking place in the city, functioning within the official public life and privacy. The purpose of this article is not to criticize source materials such as memoirs, or reflections on the formation and functioning of the memory of the war and occupation.
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The aim of the author was to outline the development of the Slovak order education system on the example of three Czechoslovak order real gymnasia in Košice in the third decennium of the 20th century. It resulted in a picture of the studied gymnasia in the years 1935 – 1938. An absence of archival materials constituted a limitation to the research and processing of its results.
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This paper describes the political and other influences on the foundation of the University of Košice in 1657. The surprising hesitation of the Hungarian king Leopold I and the Jesuits in Vienna in particular leads to some probable interpretations. The contemporary speculations within the Austrian Society of Jesus regarding the partition of the province in two parts and establishment of an autonomous Hungarian province are in the centre of attention.
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The article presents the program of sexual education prepared and offered by Krakow Branch of the Planned Parenthood Association in the wider context of socio-political situation in Krakow (1956 – 1989). Since the beginning of the Association’s existence, the special attention was paid to the development of educational program, which concerned the different aspects of „family life“. The article is going to answer the questions about its goals, the educational tools used to achieve them and its social targets. To accurately determine the position of the Association in the city‘s community I will analyse its foundation and activities in wider context of the pre-war traditions of the organisation and the activities regarding premarital counselling undertaken by the Krakow Catholic Church.
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The article is a contribution to the exploration of history of Polish musical culture of the Renaissance and the Baroque period. Recognition of elementary forms of social organisation leads to understanding of the prevailing social and economical relations in those times. This article is one of the first in this topic, therefore it starts with very basic issues. A musicians guild existed in Cracow from 16th to 18th century. The article presents its history and organisation on the basis of statutes and municipal documents analysis. Simultaneously, it raises questions about circumstances of its creation and termination, welded duties and repertoire. The author questions the character of discussed association, considering to what extent it was a guild and a confraternity. The aim of the publication is to present to the reader a coherent picture of the guild, which could provide a starting point for further research.
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The aim of this study is to present and synthesize the image of Eugeniusz Morawski’s output as presented by the Polish press and Polish composers. Morawski is an unknown composer, absent from the concert programs. His works were performed during composer’s lifetime and caused mixed and extreme reactions from the critics. His first successful concert – performance of now lost symphony-poem „Vae victis” in Salle Gaveau, Paris, was barely noted in Polish press. The first performance of symphonic poem „Don Quichotte” in 1912 caused vivid, yet mixed reactions. An important review was written by Aleksander Poliński, who criticized Morawski for being stylistically dependent on Richard Strauss’s style. Other reviews, some of them anonymous, were positive. The composer was praised for his talent and he was predicted to become a huge success in the future. Later on, his works were infrequently performed. In 1925, the symphonic poem „Nevermore” was performed in Warsaw under direction of Grzegorz Fitelberg. The work was very well received by the critic Karol Stromenger. Yet Morawski’s greatest success was his ballet „The maid of Świteź”, presented in Warsaw’s Great Theatre in May 1931. In 1933 Morawski received for this work the musical prize from the Ministry of Religious Beliefs and Publick Enlightment, winning the competition with Karol Szymanowski’s „Symphony no.4”. The event was discussed in great detail by the press. Some of the reviewers praised this work as Morawski’s masterpiece, others criticized it as worthless and clumsily written. The ballet was presented again in 1962 under the direction of Bohdan Wodiczko. A critic and a composer Stefan Kisielewski praised the word for its great orchestral effects and eerie climate. The article also uses extracts of letters of a composer Szymon Laks, essays of Stefan Kisielewski, and unpublished material from Polish Composers Union archive – letters of Grażyna Bacewicz and Włodzimierz Sokorski.
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The article points out the insufficient research of the Roma people’s history in Košice. It suggests mechanic and incorrect acceptation of Roma people’s Camp locality which have neither been questioned nor verified yet. The article tries to indicate the problems of the topic de facto from the Middle Ages and problems with the distinction of the places where Roma people were settling in particular periods of their development in the suburbs. There is an urgency of consistent research of the archival material and other sources of information which are associated with this important topic.
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Moundbuilding was a preoccupation for the original, Indigenous occupants of the eastern portion of North America for at least six centuries. Approximately two millennia ago, the inhabitants of a broad swath of land primarily east of the Mississippi River and extending from the gulf to the Great Lakes, engaged in the production of conical, geometric, and effigy shaped earthen mound constructs. The efforts, from small to monumental, reflect a precision, often reflecting astronomical phenomenon. The proliferation of mounds and astronomical focus suggest the moundbuilder cultures privileged these activities, they had purpose. Today many remnants of these extraordinary efforts remain despite the systems of erasure that are characteristic of settler colonialism.Two such sites are the focus of this paper on “sacred space”: the Newark Earthworks and Serpent Mound. Both sites are short-listed for UNESCO World Heritage status. The Newark Earthworks as part of a larger package referred to as “The Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks” and Serpent Mound is a stand-alone nomination. The names of the sites are exemplary of the “logic of elimination,” central to settler colonialism in the Americas (Wolfe). Newark, Hopewell, and Serpent all names given by dominant culture with no relation to the Indigenous architects and builders. They endure and resist, despite a long and complicated history of dominance. While the focus of this paper is on contemporary contestation surrounding the sites, this paper begins with a close description of the sites and offers a brief overview of contact. This historical contextualization serves to demonstrate the ramifications of settler colonialism, which ruptured connections between Indigenous people and this land while simultaneously reinterpreting the sites as distinctly American. This lays a foundation for the web of narratives refashioned and recirculated in today’s contest over World Heritage status. Central to these narratives is ascribing the label of “sacred” to the sites. The vast number of constituents who claim a seat at the table regarding “ownership” and a voice regarding the sites is astounding. These include governmental agencies from the local to global, historical societies, Native peoples, academics, golfers, and small pockets of the public. Into this mix we can include those with religious/spiritual claims such as the Mormons, new-agers, fundamentalist Christians, and contemporary Native tribes. Many of these stakeholders have come together to work toward the coveted World Heritage Status. But, if and when it happens, whose story will dominate, who will make decisions, which voice will be heard?
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The report examines issues related to sectarianism in Pakistan arising from the unequal position of the minority Shia groups in the society. The main reasons are examined, as well as the activities of local terrorist groups and organizations like the Movement of the Pakistani Taliban and the so-called Local Taliban to destabilize the security environment and create ethnic ten-sion. Some of the measures taken by the Pakistani military and state leadership to regulate problems and create religious harmony and social security are also analyzed.
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Space and Time are parameters of the universe. They are also the basis of the ideas of ancient societies about the world, which are reflected in the archaeological monuments. The article presents an anthropomorphic menhir from Midwestern Bulgaria, which contains information about an anthropo-cosmological model of the world from the age of megalithic cultures.
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The article is focused on a specific type of artifacts, made on the terrain from clay and then roasted. In most cases they have been created in Thrace in the period III-I cent. BC. In our archaeological literature they are denoted by the Greek word “eskhara” (platform for sacrifices), but we shall use here the term “altar”. In the process of the archaeological excavations many factors directly affect the stability and integrity of the altar and determine the appropriate restoration methodology. In the Bulgarian archaeological practice over the past decade restorers are usually not included in the terrain work. This approach brought to extremely negative results and irreversible loss of valuable information. Incompetent treatment and storage of the altars makes the archeological study senseless, hinders the identification and scientific interpretation of the altars. The author insists that a change in the treatment of the Thracian altars has to be done.
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The current text continues the observations on the contemporary memorial practices, and more specifically – on the so-called “Denkmalarbeit” process. The idea of the “Contemporary Memorial Practices in Germany” series is based on the hypothesis for immanently inherent in German society guilt, represented in this particular case by means of numerous monuments of one of the oldest and highly organized communities in Germany – that of the miners. The topic of guilt, albeit indirectly, is present in the general complex of socio-cultural patterns associated with the image of miners as heroes, angels, upholders of the German economy and industry and, in this sense, saviours of society from economic dependence and ruin. Guilt regarding labour, hard work and the sudden, dramatic death forms a specific notion in the process of creating monuments – the miners carry their burden voluntarily (although their decision is predetermined by the social-economic force), sacrifice their lives – “fallen during/remain on their labour station” during “the faithful execution of their duty”, while society transforms the ordinary death into “a sacrifice” and preserve the memory for the executed public duty. The specifics of the “Denkmalarbeit” process, manifested not only through large number of monuments, but also through the search of new forms (memorial and contra-memorial) for overcoming public 210 guilt, multiplied in various aspects (Holocaust, witch and deserters’ trials) produces more and varying forms of memory, turns into a resource and a catalyst in the process of forming cultural heritage.
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