Network Analysis of Disinformation Actors During COVID-19 Pandemics and Beyond: The Case of Czech Facebook

Author(s): Robin Burda,Josef Procházka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Disinformation has been on the rise in recent years. Especially Central and Eastern Europe felt this in the form of Russian hybrid campaigns aiming to destabilize democratic governments and whole societies. Despite the apparent threat, there is a considerable research gap regarding the disinformation scene in the Czech Republic, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic and after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. This article aimed to cover this gap by conducting a social network analysis of the Czech disinformation scene on Facebook from the beginning of the pandemic on March 11, 2020, until August 2023. The final dataset contained more than 6,000 posts, resulting in a network of 3,822 actors and 7,255 interactions. The analysis showed a high interconnectedness of the analyzed network and confirmed the crucial role of politicians and other public figures in spreading disinformation in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, a “disinformation spillover” from Slovakia to Czechia was observed, pointing out the interconnected disinformation scene in the two countries.

Paramilitary Forces, Domestic Politics and Conflict: A Case of the Sudan Crisis

Author(s): Beatrice Onamu,Israel Nyadera / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

What is the threat posed by paramilitary groups on the state? This paper seeks to examine the role and impact of paramilitary forces on domestic politics and how their involvement results in political (in)stability. It examines how the interplay between the Rapid Support Forces, a paramilitary force in Sudan and the Sudan Armed Forces has resulted in a humanitarian crisis since the overthrow of Omar Al Bashir's government in 2019. The authors argue that the formation of paramilitary groups is aimed at protecting the government from internal and external threats, yet these paramilitary groups can shift or withdraw their loyalty to the political leadership. Such a shift the paper finds creates a high potential for confrontation between the paramilitary forces and regular forces leaving the citizens vulnerable to mass atrocities and war crimes. The paper begins by examining the origin, spread and activities of militia groups globally and at the regional level before examining the concept of paramilitary forces. The authors then look at Sudan’s historical and contemporary experiences with paramilitary groups before discussing the recent crisis between the regular forces and the paramilitary force in Sudan. They find that the preferential treatment of paramilitary forces influences their actions during a crisis.

Občanská gramotnost: Hledání základů didaktiky společenských věd a občanské výchovy

Author(s): Marek Fapšo / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2023

The study is devoted to the reflection of possible didactic bases for the formation of didactics of social sciences and civic education. First, it offers a comparison with a more developed model of history didactics and then brings into the debate some selected aspects from current international debates − the role of the competence model, active citizenship and the position of sciences in shaping school curricula. The study sets itself two general objectives: 1) On the basis of the current state of the didactics of history, to define the general features of a successful developed didactic theory and to outline the directions and challenges of possible paths for the didactics of civic education. 2) To delineate the space for the joint development of the didactics of civic education and history on the one hand, but also to highlight the specificities and singularities of civic education in schools on the other.

УЛОГА УЧИТЕЉА У ФОРМИРАЊУ САМОПОУЗДАЊА КОД УЧЕНИКА И ЗНАЧАЈ ПОРУКЕ „ТИ ВРЕДИШ“

Author(s): Jasna Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

Self-confidence is shaped and acquired from early childhood and affects success in school, social and family relationships. The role of the teacher is very important in the formation of self-confidence. The goal of this work is for teachers to understand the importance of developing self-confidence in students, to see techniques and ways to gain self-confidence that they can use in their work, as well as to recognize their own "power" for instilling a positive attitude in students about themselves. The work focuses on how teachers can build an active relationship with students with varying levels of self-confidence and foster trust and communication. The teacher can use the suggested ideas and motivational messages in his daily work with students, but he can also see his own mistakes, insufficient commitment or neglect of the importance of this topic.

ПРИРОДА ЛИНГВОМЕТОДИЧКОГ ТЕКСТА У НАСТАВИ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЈЕ

Author(s): Jovan D. Macut / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

In 2019, the contents of phraseology became an integral part of the Teaching and Learning Program for the fourth grade of primary education (2019) and part of the learnings outcome. Considering the nature of phraseologisms as linguistic phenomena and the need for their interpretation within the context, it was concluded that one of the ways of learning in the teaching of phraseology could be realized by applying a lingual-methodological text. By looking at the methodological literature, it was noticed that the initial text is defined only in relation to the teaching of grammar and spelling. The aim of this paper is to examine the nature of the lingual-methodological text in the teaching of phraseology. For the purposes of the paper, an empirical research was organized on a sample of 20 students of the fourth grade of elementary school. A testing method was used, and the results were analyzed qualitatively. It was concluded that the lingual-methodological text in the teaching of phraseology takes over many elements of the initial text in the teaching of grammar and spelling, but also that it has its own special characteristics: it must not be resistant to the influences of contemporary culture; it would be appropriate if the characters who appear in it and who use/to whom the phraseology is addressed should be children; the phrase must be used at the end of the text and graphically-visually separated from the rest of the text; the initial text must have a three-part methodical apparatus -first part: two types of questions (reproductive questions that check the understanding of the context and questions related to the interpretation of the structure of phraseology), the second part -a question that makes mental generalizations, the third part -an assignment that checks the student's ability to recognize the correct use of a phrase in a new speech situation.

СТРАТЕГИЈА РАЗВОЈА ОБРАЗОВАЊА И ВАСПИТАЊА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ ДО 2030. ГОДИНЕ У УПОРЕДНОЈ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ МЕЂУНАРОДНИХ ДОКУМЕНАТА

Author(s): Nevena G. Jakovljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

The paper discusses the Strategy for the Development of Education in the Republic of Serbia until 2030, in comparison with international strategies. The goal is to examine the compliance of proposed changes in education in the Republic of Serbia with European goals. It starts from the fact that it is necessary to harmonize changes in education in the Republic of Serbia with those in the world. By analyzing the strategies of the Agenda for Sustainable Development 2030, Towards a Sustainable Europe 2030, The Future of Education and Skills -Education 2030, The Strategy for the Development of Education and Education in the Republic of Serbia until 2030 and several others, the basic factors that can influence the improvement of the quality of education are indicated . As stated in them, the goal of these strategies is to reduce inequality and poverty, as well as to reduce the differences that exist in society and education. The importance of the role of innovative technologies in the creation of modern social processes and movements of modern society is also pointed out.

СТАВОВИ О ТЕШКОЋАМА КОЈЕ СЕ ЈАВЉАЈУ У ПРОЦЕСУ ИНКЛУЗИВНОГ ОБРАЗОВАЊА КОД СРЕДЊОШКОЛСКИХ НАСТАВНИКА

Author(s): Kristina Miladinović,Nenad Miladinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

The paper presents a brief overview of the research on attitudes related to the difficulties that arise in the process of inclusive education among secondary school teachers. The sample of this research is intentional and includes 80 secondary school teachers. The sample is convenient and unsystematic. The research was done in secondary schools. Descriptive method, scaling technique, Likert-type scale consisting of 23 items was applied. Modern society requires the provision of equal conditions for the development of the potential and abilities of each individual, which implies the creation of a school tailored to the child. In order to manifest the positive effects of inclusion, systematic changes in the school are necessary. Individual examples are not enough, there are a large number of barriers in practice that hinder progress in inclusive education in secondary schools. The inclusion of a child with developmental disabilities in the secondary school education system is still a difficult problem to solve. The key is how to motivate parents for their child's education.

ИЗЛАЗ ИЗ МАТЕМАТИЧКОГ ЛАВИРИНТА

Author(s): Ruža Jeličić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

The labyrinth has always been an intriguing symbol symbolizing life's journey. And the mathematical labyrinth is a kind of labyrinth through which students sometimes wander, and sometimes clearly and decisively see where they are going. Sometimes they feel insecure, lost and scared, and sometimes they feel fulfilled, inspired and safe. This paper reveals how the understanding of the mathematical labyrinth contributes to a better implementation of mathematics teaching, better cooperation between teachers and students, as well as to the understanding of mathematics and all the potentials it symbolizes. In the mathematical labyrinth, students can meet the warrior and the teacher, Theseus and the Minotaur, light and darkness and gather experiences, knowledge, mathematical fruits that lead them to the center and wholeness.

ПЕДАГОШКИ ОКВИР ЗА ДИЗАЈН ИМЕРЗИВНОГ НАСТАВНОГ ОКРУЖЕЊА

Author(s): Jelica Z. Ristić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

Virtual reality technology has a growing potential to empower and support the development of immersive teaching environments where students would have a completely different learning experience. The aim of the research is to determine the design constructs of the teaching environment with virtual reality technology, and to create a prospective pedagogical framework (system) for creating an immersive teaching environment. Using qualitative and comparative content analysis, the paper reinterpreted the existing studies dealing with various pedagogical frameworks of VR technology integration in the teaching process and then the modeling method was applied. The methodical function of the proposed pedagogical framework (system) is of an assistive character because it can be useful to practitioners in the process of contemplating about possible ways of designing immersive teaching environments within interdependent subsystems (theoretical, action, technical and subject subsystems), guided by the basic constructive elements and proposed guidelines for the design.

ОБРАЗОВАЊЕ УЧИТЕЉА У СТАРОЈ СРБИЈИ (са посебним освртом на образовање у Призрену)

Author(s): Radomir Arsić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

The historical and geographical notion of Old Serbia originated in the 19th century and almost does not exist today and the Serbian people do not use it, although it included the territories of Old Raška, Kosovo and Metohi and Vardar Serbia (nowadays Northern Macedonia). The Serbian people have always believed that learned people are the initiators of the people and national ideas of unification of all territories where they live, the small Principality of Serbia realized early and tried to educate and tried to develop education, tried to establish those sciences. Thus, supporting them, a seminary was formed in Prizren, with the primary role of educating both priests and teachers. From that germ, the idea of further development was formed with further development, and a special teacher's school was formed, later the pedagogical academy, the Higher Pedagogical School and finally the Faculty of Teacher Education (1994).

УЛОГА И ЗНАЧАЈ ЕКОЛОШКОГ ОБРАЗОВАЊА У САВРЕМЕНОЈ ШКОЛИ

Author(s): Laura Kalmar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

Given that the school is one of the most important institutions of society observed centuries ago, it is clear that it has a large and significant role in dealing with all social problems and challenges that arise during human development, including current environmental difficulties and challenges. The goal of environmental education is to form awareness among young people about environmental issues, environmental awareness, readiness for responsible treatment of the environment, as well as for environmentally conscious behavior that should continue after time spent at school. Children's attitude towards nature is activated if they have the opportunity to get to know the environment directly. By acting on it, as living and active beings, children notice the interdependence of the human-nature relationship. Active orientation of ecological learning, related to the emotional-affective dimension of surprise contributes to the fact that this action is not reduced to mere activism, but it can solve two difficulties at the same time: -students' attitude towards the future; an important factor in the development of environmental education. This refers to curricula, textbooks, teachers and extracurricular activities. The teacher is an important factor in developing students' environmental attitudes. He organizes and leads the process of acquiring environmental knowledge, forms the attitudes and habits of students and directly affects the personality of students through his actions. The condition is that he knows the environmental problems and is aware of the environmental consequences. In addition to the implementation of curricula, he is required to be the initiator and organizer of extracurricular and extracurricular forms of environmental education.

МОГУЋНОСТИ ИСТРАЖИВАЊА ПРИРОДНИХ МАТЕРИЈАЛА У ЛИКОВНИМ АКТИВНОСТИМА У ВРТИЋУ – ПРИМЕРИ ИЗ ПРАКСЕ

Author(s): Milena D. Vojinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

The paper presents the importance of outdoor activities (in nature) and different possibilities of using natural materials in art activities in kindergarten. Special emphasis is placed on materials from nature that we can use in art activities: by exploring their characteristics and possibilities, by using them as an incentive/template for observation and research that leads to creativity in art materials, and as alternative art material, which children express themselves artistically. After presenting the attitudes and results of research by pedagogues and other scientists on the importance of learning in nature, the importance of using natural materials, but also learning about nature through art activities with children (ages 3 to 7), one example from practice is presented. Based on several examples from the art project that we realized in kindergarten, we presented possible ways of using natural materials. We conclude that the use of natural materials and the realization of artistic activities in nature (kindergarten yard) is of great importance, because their potentials enable the development of creativity in children, where through practical manipulation of natural materials children learn about the world around them and develop a positive attitude towards nature. Natural materials encourage creative thinking in children, who, by exploring their possibilities, through trial and mistake, come to longer-term knowledge.

УТИЦАЈ ТРЕНИНГА КОШАРКЕ НА МОРФОЛОШКЕ КАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ И МОТОРИЧКЕ СПОСОБНОСТИ УЧЕНИКА МЛАЂИХ РАЗРЕДА ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ

Author(s): Gordana Glišović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

The aim of this paper was to analyze the impact of basketball training on the morphological characteristics and motor skills of younger elementary school students. During the study of the subject of this paper, research of scientific-theoretical knowledge, relevant literature, and modern practice was performed using methods: data collection technique (examination method, method of analysis of primary and secondary scientific material, and complex observation method), basic methods of scientific knowledge and scientific research. (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, specification, and generalization) and general methods (comparative and hypothetical-deductive). It was concluded that there are statistically significant differences between students who train basketball in morphological characteristics: longitudinal dimensionality of the body (body height, arm span, sitting height, arm length, hand length, leg length), transverse body dimensionality (shoulder width, pelvic width, fist width)) and body volume and weight (chest circumference); and motor skills: speed, agility, endurance, coordination, and explosiveness; in relation to students who do not train basketball. In accordance with the above, it is concluded that basketball training has a positive impact on the growth and development of younger school children, resulting in the need to motivate students to participate in these activities and introduce elements of basketball to a greater extent in physical education in primary school.

ДРАМСКЕ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЈЕ ПРЕДШКОЛСКИХ ВАСПИТАЧА

Author(s): Jelica Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

The aim of this research was to study the pedagogical competencies of a preschool kindergarten teacher, to study the programmes of the higher educational institutions for professional and academic studies, all in order to explore the presence of subjects that contain in their title the adjective ,,dramatic" (like Drama and movement; Creative drama); to study the competencies of kindergarten teachers that are used in the domain of dramatic creativity of pre-school children and their application in the planning of dramatic activities in a pre-school institution. The research sample consists of 51 teachers. The following methods were used: method of theoretical analysis of the content, descriptive method and survey method. The key research results show that the kindergarten teachers think that the dramatic activities have positive effect in the development of pre-school children, that the role plays are the most prevalent, as well as the dramatic plays that children perform themselves. The results also show that the majority of kindergarten teachers did study performing arts, that they plan drama related activities up to three times a month, that the puppet and shadow theatres are the most prevalent forms of theatre in pedagogical and educational activities.

ДИГИТАЛНО ВАСПИТНО-ОБРАЗОВНО ОКРУЖЕЊЕ - МОДЕЛИ ИНТЕГРАЦИЈЕ

Author(s): Sofija Matović,Ivana Marković,Miroslava Ristić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

Activities that lead to the integration of digital technolgies in kindergartens are a challenge for both developed and developing countries. The aim of this paper is to offer a synthetic overview of the model of integration of digital technologies in the educational environment in Serbia. The paper analyzes the specifics of the learning process of preschool children and the situation in which learning takes place and where the construction, reconstruction and co-construction of knowledge occurs, as well as the benefits of working directly with children in the digital environment. In addition to the analysis and reinterpretation of existing research, the paper uses modeling methods that detect potentials for integrating the use of educational digital technologies (with emphasis on hybrid environments) in the learning process within the old and new concepts of preschool education, ie within "Model A" , "Model B" and "Year of Ascent". The results of the research show that the construction of a digital educational environment requires a more precise legislative framework and a systematic approach that includes a phased strategy for implementation with the necessary comprehensive financial and professional support.

ГУГЛ УПИТНИК КАО СРЕДСТВО ЗА РЕАЛИЗАЦИЈУ ЧАСОВА ОДЕЉЕЊСКОГ СТАРЕШИНЕ У ОНЛАЈН-НАСТАВИ

Author(s): Milica Stojiljković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

The paper presents the advantages of distance teaching in the realization of class teacher's classes through the Web tool Google Forms. The research started from the hypothesis that online teaching does not provide enough opportunities to work with students because the application of this tool excludes direct contact. Google questionnaires are made with the aim of obtaining feedback, but without oral interaction, so it is a Web tool that serves to collect data by answering questions that are closely related to a particular problem. The results of the research showed that it is possible to reach students and their attitudes through online tools, and that the advantage of using the questionnaire is recognized in teaching because they contribute to the successful profiling of students.

ПРИМЕНА МУЛТИМЕДИЈАЛНИХ СРЕДСТАВА (АНИМИРАНОГ ФИЛМА) У НАСТАВИ ПРАВОСЛАВНОГ КАТИХИЗИСА (ВЕРСКЕ НАСТАВЕ)

Author(s): Momčilo Jagodić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

Returning of the religious education in schools and in the Legal system of Serbia, after more then half a century of persecution, represented, not only a form of cultural act, but also a confirmation of deeper changes in Serbian social being. Speaking of giftedness and creativity, we could consider them like coexisting facts which could contribute in realisation of complete life achievement. With this usage of Multimedia in teaching process it is our main goal to show that applied theology in creative and making of process should contribute in creation of creative and gifted personalities even in early school age.

ИЗВОДИ ИЗ КУЛТУРНЕ ИСТОРИЈЕ БАЛКАНСКИХ СЛОВЕНА (СРБА)

Author(s): Predrag Milosavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

МИШЉЕЊЕ УЧИТЕЉА О УПОТРЕБИ ИНФОРМАЦИОНО-КОМУНИКАЦИОНЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЈЕ У НАСТАВИ ПРИРОДЕ И ДРУШТВА

Author(s): Ljiljana Bojanić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2021

The use of information and communication technology largely provides an opportunity to develop students' digital competencies, facilitates the process of understanding the material and makes teaching more interesting and modern. Whether and to what extent the information and communication devices will be used within the scope of the subject the Environment and Society largely depends on how well-equipped schools are, but also on the opinion that the teacher has towards them. In that respect, the respondents of our research were teachers in the territory of the city of Belgrade who, through the Google questionnaire, filled in a five-point Likert-type scale. The results of the research indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in opinion on the introduction of digital technologies in the field of the Environment and Society between male and female teachers and also teacher who attended and did not attend a course on digital technologies during their studies. Teachers essentially have a positive opinion on the use of digital technologies within the scope of the subject the Environment and Society and schools should strive to be equipped with ICT so that teaching content from all areas is presented as clearly, interestingly and accurately as possible. The following research can deal with the opinion of younger school-age students on the use of ICT within the scope of the subject the Environment and Society, but also other areas.

ЕФЕКТИ КОМПЈУТЕРСКИХ ИГРИЦА У НАСТАВИ МАТЕМАТИКЕ

Author(s): Marija Milinković,Olivera Simić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2021

Games have long been proposed as a promising learning tool. Many computer games or software for learning mathematics primarily focus on repetition and practice, offering a motivational environment for performing mathematical activities that are important for achieving automaticity in knowledge. The aim is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using computer games in teaching mathematics. The paper is based on a theoretical analysis of relevant findings and research conducted to examine the effectiveness of computer games in the field of mathematics. Accordingly, it is concluded that the effects of computer games in mathematics teaching have not been sufficiently studied from an experimental point of view, while existing research shows that adequate use can improve students' motivation and creative abilities, which is important from the aspect of modern teaching.