МЕТОДОЛОШКИ ОКВИРИ ИСТРАЖИВАЊА СРПСКЕ КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ ПРЕДРАГА ПАЛАВЕСТРЕ

Author(s): Valentina Veljić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2022

Предмет рада је истраживање методолошких оквира књижевноисторијског рада Предрага Палавестре са циљем указивања на његов књижевнонаучни допринос изучавању српске књижевности у светлу регионалних и европских књижевних оквира. Истраживање се заснива на дијахронијском прегледу развоја књижевноисторијске (књижевнонаучне) методологије Предрага Палавестре и синтези у погледу грађе и виђења српске књижевности са аспекта једног од најзначајнијих проучавалаца књижевности на нашим просторима. У завршном делу рада указујемо на значај истраживања Предрага Палавестре у контексту методологије науке о књижевности. Како бисмо сагледали приступ Предрага Палавестре књижевним појавама у својим књижевно-научним радовима (монографијама, студијама, огледима; књижевноисторијским прегледима), у обзир узимамао следеће књиге: Послератна српска књижевност 1945–1970, Историја модерне српске књижевности: златно доба 1892–1918, Књижевност Младе Босне (објављене у два тома) и Јеврејски писци у српској књижевности.

Rozwój wczesnych biologicznych metod leczenia schizofrenii po II wojnie światowej

Author(s): Mateusz Gholamy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The article tells about the history of development the first biological methods of treatment of schizophrenia, introduced after the II World War. At first, there was insulin shock therapy, introduced for the first time in 1933, then electroconvulsive therapy, applied in 1938 and lobotomy, which became popular method of treatment in 40s and 50s. Introducing every of this methods was an important step in schizophrenia research, altough all of them were mainly ineffective. Moreover all of this methods contain many side effects, even dangerous to life. It seems that development of each of this methods was crucial step important to introduce much more effective and safety ways of treatment of this disease.

O historykach medycyny i zakładach naukowych pierwszej połowy lat 50. XX w. w świetle sprawozdania Ministerstwa Zdrowia

Author(s): Magdalena Paciorek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The article discusses the issue of the perception of the academic milieu of medical historians through the prism of the new post-war reality of the early 1950s. The author, based on the document – a report on a tour of scientific institutions by Dr. A. Smoluchowski – presents the then way of assessing medical historians, which to a large extent it depended on their individual views and attitude to the new Marxist ideology. In the end, the image of the community of Polish medical historians of the analyzed period turned out to be not the most interesting. It was supposed to be very Conflicted, full of prejudices, blurring, disagreements, very attached to the pre-war way of practicing history, with little valuable achievements. How was it really? What could have been the cause of such an opinion? The author of the article tries to find an answer to these and other questions.

Nihil durat in aeternum. On the Ecosystem of Political Communication in the Process of Dynamic Changes, Main Trends and Resulting Threats

Author(s): Rafał Klepka / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (254)/2023

Political communication observers and researchers recognise that the field is undergoing deep and multidimensional transformations. Numerous recent works presented and analysed the characteristics of the changes taking place and refer to the media, political actors or citizens. However, attempts at a multidimensional analysis of changes in the political communication ecosystem are much less frequent. This article aims to identify trends in contemporary political communication. A trend is a sequence of changes forming a certain regularity, showing strength and continuity over time, and the direction of development existing at a given moment. The research in this article identifies and analyses these trends, which should be understood as an interpretation of reality requiring an interdisciplinary and open heuristic approach. This approach will provide a broader view of the processes and changes taking place in the political communication ecosystem, allowing for further analyses and the formulation of hypotheses about the consequences and possible directions of the changes taking place, particularly those relating to trust in the media and politicians.

Walka o wiarygodność. Narracje i storytelling w ukraińskiej komunikacji strategicznej

Author(s): Justyna Arendarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (254)/2023

The article refers to the communications carried out by Ukraine’s official Instagram account (ukraine.ua). Until February 24, 2022, it served as the country’s branding tool to promote the country’s tourism assets. On the day the war escalated, the account did not suspend its activities, but instead changed its content and target audience, and became an element of Ukrainian strategic communications. At the same time, the Instagram profile continues to be a component for branding the Ukrainian state and society, even though crisis and wars tend to hinder the shaping of a country’s image in the international arena. The author of the article applies a qualitative method to analyse published messages from the first few days of the war, paying special attention towards storytelling, i.e. narrative construction and the image of the society fighting against the occupying forces. The purpose of the article is to verify the thesis that Ukrainian narratives use universal patterns derived from pop culture messages and refer to archetypes commonly used in branding. These messages are key for Ukrainian external communications, which are focused on building both a coherent and credible image of a country invaded.

Nie wchodzi się dwa razy do tej samej rzeki. Obraz katastrofy ekologicznej na Odrze a wiarygodność polskich władz w przekazie wybranych mediów niemieckich

Author(s): Agnieszka Szymańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (254)/2023

In August 2022 the Polish media reported on a mass mortality of fish and other animals in the Oder, which occurred as a result of contamination of the river’s waters over a section of several hundred kilometres. The situation revealed that Poland lacked an effective water control system and procedures in the case of contamination. Polish authorities’ response and crisis communication, including with foreign partners in the Oder region, were widely commented on in foreign media. From the perspective of Polish-German relations – which have been strained in recent years – how such a crisis is communicated by the media in Poland’s western neighbour seems to be of particular interest. The article presents the results of the content analysis of selected German media in August 2022. The quantitative analysis covered the service of selected German opinion-forming media. The qualitative analysis covered printed editions of selected opinion-forming weeklies (F.A.S., WamS, BamS, Der Spiegel, Stern, Focus, Die Zeit) and weekend editions of two titles published in the border federal states (ger. Bundesländer) (Neues Deutschland/Die Woche, Sächsische Zeitung). The research aimed to evaluate how the actions of the Polish government were presented in the German media during the crisis caused by the ecological disaster.

Wojenna retoryka przemocy w konflikcie rosyjsko-ukraińskim

Author(s): Marek Kochan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

The topic of the article are the media reports from the Russo-Ukrainian war, focused on the issue of the violence. Violence could be the act of communication, used to dominate the victims, as a ritual integrating community and the act of self-presentation of the aggressor. Rhetoric of violence refers to a certain way to describe the acts of violence, to utterances accompanying violence or being violence, instigating to it or legitimizing it. After discussing the concept, the war rhetoric of violence in the Russo-Ukrainian war is described in the article, in its linguistic dimension and content (analysis cover headlines of the publications, terms used to name the aggressors and their actions, elements stressing their brutality, mass character of violence, its systemic nature and support given by some citizens of the Russian Federation). Following the idea of rhetoric of violence’s legitimization, the author proposes the term rhetoric of violence’s de-legitimization, including 1. the rhetoric of brutality, 2. the rhetoric of breaking the civilizational rules, 3. the rhetoric of mass and systemic nature and common support, 4. the rhetoric of senseless violence. The conclusion of the article is that this rhetoric might affect the image of the Russian Federation, its soldiers and citizens, and lead to excluding them from the community of civilized countries and societies, at the same time empowering the support for Ukrainian victims and their struggle, being the effective defensive weapon in Russo-Ukrainian war.

Recenzja książki: Świat naszych przodków. Tradycje letniego cyklu obrzędowego

Author(s): Dionizjusz Czubala / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2019

The text is a review of the fourth volume of the publishing series The world of our ancestors, subtitled: Traditions of the summer ritual cycle, developed by young researchers gathered in the Culture Researchers’ Circle at the Municipal Culture Centre in Czechowice-Dziedzice under the direction of its founder and supervisor – Dr. Agnieszka Przybyła-Dumin, a folklorist and cultural anthropologist with considerable scientific achievements. The book was developed based on field research carried out in 2017–2019 with 116 people aged 11 to 95 living in Bronów, Ligota, Zabrzeg and Czechowice-Dziedzice. Their purpose was to archive remembered and cultivated customs, rituals, magical beliefs and practices, as well as the transferred narratives. The volume in question is a collection of several articles, including two volumes prepared by the editor of the volume: introducing the theoretical issues Regional idea – regional education – Regional Culture Archive and the second one being an editorial commentary to the entire publication and the project. The remaining texts were written by young people well prepared in terms of content and methodology. They have been devoted to the consecutive annual holidays of the summer ritual cycle and developed according to a set pattern – holiday history or life of a saint, results of field research in the municipality of Czechowice-Dziedzice, examples from other times and regions. The collection is supplemented by: narrator index, research questionnaire, tables and bibliography, as well as short notes presenting the authors of the articles and other members of the Culture Researchers’ Circle. The work of the whole team is located in the cultural trend called regionalism and has been highly rated as valuable in the context of strengthening the intergenerational message transfer, preservation of intangible cultural heritage and as a source text for further research on the regional culture.

Interetnické vzťahy v prostredí Rusínov a Slovákov (na Slovensku a na Dolnej zemi) v 19. storočí.

Author(s): Michal Šmigeľ,Miroslav Kmeť / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2023

Rusyns and Slovaks, members of two culturally close ethnic groups, had lived for centuries in one state unit and in immediate neighbour contact. Complex socio-economic situation of the Rusyn settlement area in Slovakia had conditioned the poor development of both cultural and national needs. Rusyn intelligentsia from Greek-Catholic church circles had tended towards Hungarian culture or a broader Slavic consciousness. From the beginning of the 19th century and during the spread of pan-Slavism with the development of national movements and the formation of modern nations, Rusyns became the object of interest in Slovak intellectual circles. The Rusyn elite, inspired by Slavic and nonSlavic national movements, revived nationally in the revolutionary period of the 1840s. It was also the merit of Slovaks who supported the national awakening of Rusyns as their closest allies in the Kingdom of Hungary during the peak period of the Slovak national revival movement (1836–1848). The mutuality of RusynSlovak political cooperation had been manifested in the revolutionary years of 1948–1949 in the Habsburg Monarchy. Even though the revolution in the Kingdom of Hungary had failed, it had brought some significant changes in the sphere of social development, civil principles and the weakening of the influence of the state and the church. These new conditions had enabled the emergence and development of Rusyn national revival movement and the so-calledrevivalistic generation of Rusyns. Mutual contacts between the two national movements, especially in the post-revolutionary period, had symbolized social, political and literary activities of several nationalities. Even in the second half of the 19th century, Slovak elites had a positive influence on the development of the Rusyn national movement. Slovak environment had an inspiring effect on Rusyns. Of course, this relationship had not only worked from the side of Slovaks to Rusyns, but also in the opposite direction (in a lesser extent), i.e. from Rusyns to Slovaks. Finally, during the period of dualism (1867–1918), the reflection of Rusyn issue in Slovak literature was not as intense as before the revolution, which was related to strong national oppression of minorities by the Hungarian governments. The national movements of Rusyns and Slovaks had to cope with a very complicated political and social reality, so there was much less scope for wider cooperation and mutual reflection than before. Complex socio-economic situation of northern and northeastern Kingdom of Hungary at the end of the 19th century together with the rapidly increasing Slovak and Rusyn emigration had a significant influence on this.

Biometric Data in Scientific Research

Author(s): Edyta Kot,Monika Porwisz,Agnieszka Sadło-Nowak,Rafał Płocki / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The aim of the article is to present the issues related to the processing of sensitive data, including biometric data, in thecourse of scientific research and for the purpose of achieving the objectives of such research. This study indicates the purposesof scientific research, the legal grounds, standards of conduct, premises legalizing data processing and the rights of persons in thescope of processing their data. It is important to reconcile the protection of personal data with research challenges, especiallyrelated to the possibilities of using innovative technologies in order to effectively detect and fight various forms of crime.Thepublication discusses European regulations: Regulation 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of the EuropeanUnion of 27 April 2016 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movementof such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/WE and national provisions contained in the Act of 10 May 2018 on the protectionof personal data (Journal of Laws of 2019, item 1781). During the literature review a number of studies relating to the protectionof personal data was identified. The authors, in particular in monographs, analyse the issue of personal data protection in thecontext of data protection in the Polish criminal trial, in civil or educational cases. This publication focuses on one of theaspectsnot often discussed in scientific studies, which is the protection of personal data obtained for the purposes of scientific research.The publication aims to introduce the standards in force in the field of personal data protection in the context of empirical research.The issue is so complex that it requires in-depth discussion, especially since many researchers, taking up the challenge and effortof scientific research, have to face the problem of personal data protection, both for researchers and participants in the researchprocess. In view of this conclusion, it is reasonable to present in this publication the fundamental principles of conducting researchwhen it is necessary to obtain personal data in the course of research. The article discusses legal regulations and good practicesthat may constitute a specific compendium of knowledge for everyone who participates in research projects

Crisis Management in the Czech Republic

Author(s): Radomír Ščurek,Ryszard Szynowski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The Czech Republic seems to be a geographically peaceful place. However, the territory of the Republic is not free fromnatural disasters that have hit the country in the past, and are a common occurrence in the country nowadays. The most dramaticand destructive natural disasters and technical failures in the history of the Czech Republic included, among others, a brokendam on the Desná River in the Jizera Mountains (1916), earthquakes (1985), or floods that affected Moravia, Silesia and partof eastern Bohemia, as well as the territory of Poland, in July 1997. The latter threats related to flooding especially highlightedthe inability of state institutions of the time to deal with crisis situations, and this led to undertaking work on the constructionof a crisis management system in the Czech Republic. The purpose of this article is to present the solutions, experiences and trendsof the currently functioning crisis management system in the Czech Republic. Why? Well, natural disasters know no borders and,just like it was in 1997, they could cover larger areas, including the territory of Poland, and the basic knowledge about the crisismanagement system of our neighbor (the Czech Republic) is contained in a broader concept: the concept of cross-border crisismanagement, the necessity of which results from cross-border threats

OUR DEATH IS OUR STRONGEST SURVIVING TRADITION: A Guest Essay by the Artist of Our Cover Image

Author(s): Ukjese van Kampen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In Canada, Yukon First Nations are politically powerful and, when viewed by an outsider, everything appears to be progressing well. But the adoption of the Western political model has a downside. We have generally sacrificed our culture for that political power. The loss of our culture has resulted in many social problems and this essay discusses what has resulted from those problems, specifically our high death rate. Ironically, our death ritual, the Potlatch, is one of the strongest surviving cultural traditions we still exercise, while our languages, laws, art, lifestyle, and spirituality are almost all forgotten.

REPRESENTATIONS OF WOMEN AND OF THEIR ROLES IN THE WORLD OF THE ROMANIAN VILLAGE. PICTURE POSTCARDS FROM THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY AND THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Author(s): Oana Ramona Ilovan,Ioana Alexandra Ciupe,Adrian Muntean / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This study aims to explore the visual discourse about women and their roles in the Romanian village, a discourse created by the picture postcards from the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th. century. To reach this aim, we considered the following objectives: to realise a typology of the used research material, to identify the main representations of women, to analyse the relationship between the representations of women and the other represented elements (men, children, rural landscapes, households, tools, etc.), to discuss the main features of the visual discourse about the women from the rural area, for the respective period, based on the previous identification of the elements that became iconic through repeated representation. We used a critical visual methodology and discourse analysis to explore the picture postcards that represented women from the Romanian village, underlining the connection between their meanings and the cultural reality. Our findings are useful for similar research on gender and its visual construction from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th.

Pohľad na historický kontext a legislatívne zázemie inkluzívneho vzdelávania

Author(s): Paula Maliňáková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2023

Daily, in our practical pedagogical work, we meet pupils who require an approach of acceptance or acceptance and a large degree of individual approach on the part of the educator. The legislative direction is progressing very rapidly, but the environment of educational reality, also based on exploratory and research research, shows the unpreparedness of cultural acceptance and acceptance of the difference of all pupils without distinction.

Кръгла маса „Българистиката днес в Гърция – академични центрове, изследователски полета, образователни програми“ по националнта научна програма „Развитие и утвърждаване на Българистиката в чужбина“

Author(s): Trayana Lateva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH ONLINE LEARNING AND THE CHALLENGES OF HYBRID LEARNING

Author(s): Nadya Velinova Sokolova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

COVID-19 crisis offers a unique chance to imagine more equitable societies and education systems. Several factors contribute to the growth of online learning: enhancement of technology, perceived value or improved reputation, and increased accessibility. In addition, changes in financial aid policy have also affected growth. The paper explained how Hybrid perspectives can be out transformed in higher education. The main goal of hybrid courses in some institutions is to enrich the students’ learning experience by combining the best features of onsite and online classes. The model’s effectiveness is measured by student success in the course and their satisfaction with the delivery system. The purpose of this article is to present the impact of technology on higher financial education, the challenges facing students and teachers in this process and to analyses the level of students’ satisfaction.

Интегрирана система за наблюдение на морския компонент на Република България

Author(s): Niko Kukov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The report examines the need for a maritime control and surveillance system adequate to modern conditions, guaranteeing a high degree of security, as well as for appropriate training of the forces to perform the tasks related to this control. Under the conditions formed in recent years, the relevance is further strengthened by the specific geostrategic situation of the Black Sea, as well as by the growing potential danger of illegal arms trafficking, drug trafficking, illegal migration, trafficking of cultural and historical heritage and the risk of terrorist acts. At the same time, the current situation in the region, a result of the ongoing military conflict between the Black Sea states, requires the states to take timely actions in order to minimize the negative consequences and prevent future, similar processes and phenomena.

Heiner Fangerau, Anke Dreier-Horning, Volker Hess, Karsten Laudien, Maike Rotzoll (Hrsg). Leid und Unrecht. Kinder und Jugendliche in Behindertenhilfe und Psychiatrie der BRD und DDR 1949 bis 1990. Köln, 2021

Author(s): Georgi Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Съвременни теренни изследвания на културноисторическото наследство. Съст. Й. Еролова, П. Кръстев, Ю. Попчева, София, 2021

Author(s): Mila Maeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Luleva, A., I. Petrova, P. Petrov, S. Kazalarska, Y. Yancheva, Zl. Bogdanova (Eds.). Everyday Socialism: Promises, Realities, and Strategies. Sofia, 2022

Author(s): Ekaterina Anastasova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023