We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The article represents sociological analytics of the fundamental relation “truth- knowledge” underlying the exercises of the contemporary penal power over “offenders of the law”; it demonstrates in what manner, through the medium of the legal-psychiatric expertise, a criminal stigma on definite individuals is constituted and stabilized into the frameworks of institutional organization of the judicial system; how, by means of incorporation, integration and domination of the medical knowledge on the legal rationality a normative space is generated, which, through permanently produced criminals forms of subjectivity, systematically and irreversibitically is completed with pathological recidivists. Within this boundary powerful order, inside this juridical-medical cognitive sphere, an indiscernible homogeneity between the crime (target of intervention of the penal power) and illness (target of intervention of the medical power) is interweaved. The topic of this sociological research is the social functions of the psychiatric expertise into the criminal law as political technology for constructing and consolidating of a hybrid totality of correlative interconnections between “criminal behaviour” and “pathological existence”.
More...
This article is about the coverage of topics related to mental illness in publications from news media and other sources found by searching the Internet and one of the most popular media portals related to the daily newspaper 24 hours. Automated and semi-automated word processing methods were used to analyze the content of the texts. Logical and network models are considered, offering possible explanations for the ways the mentally ill and mental illnesses are presented in the media and for the influence representations exercise on the audience. Some persistent patterns leading to stigmatization and avoidance of the mentally ill are deeply ingrained, interconnected, and more difficult to break than one can assume if one simply takes them to be superficial. They have their own deep narrative logic and probably this is the reason why they are not significantly influenced by rational and expert argumentation challenging them.
More...
The article presents the results of a study of media images of people with mental disorders in Bulgaria. Quantitative content analysis of 592 publications in tree media websites – “24 chasa”, “Dnes” and “Dnevnik”, for four-month period (September – December 2019), was conducted. The dominant approach to thematic presentation is through an individual framework; people with mental disorders are presented as aggressive and dangerous. Mental illness is used to signify the severe acts of violence described in the publications. Health information articles are poorly represented in the sample. Here, the representation of institutions does not support future reform, and the health-related information is incomplete and often misleading. One of the contributions of the study is the analysis of sporadic references; there are two types of sporadic uses - metaphorical and literal. In the metaphors, there is a distinction between the world of „madness” and that of the „normal man,” and this is precisely the technique for alienating difference. „Madness” is understood as irrationality and in this sense is associated with both negative and positive meanings. At the same time, articles with sporadic references that use the word with the root „psych-” build mental health as the norm, and hence focus on various micro-deviations (at risk of potentially pathologizing micro-differences in behavior and perceptions).
More...
Modernity imposes a unique way of conceptualizing and treating conditions of despair and hopelessness. Unlike other approaches to depression in history, the modern interpretation is formed by a biological and mechanistic view of the human mind. This scientific paradigm has its strongest progress after the 1950s, developing alongside the field of psychopharmacology. The purpose of this study is to draw attention to how understanding depression is influenced by the ways of thinking about consciousness and the advancement of psychopharmacology. Semiotic methods are employed to interpret the pivotal moments in the transformation of this vision. The study seeks out the conditions that make this thinking possible. In conclusion, the study suggests a semiological link between scientific thought and pharmaceutical development on the one hand, and on the other a link between the diagnosis and representation of depression in popular media.
More...
This article examines the stigma over mental health due to the social and institutional impact on it. There are few systems that seem to have larger influence in Bulgarian media, political and medical. The lack of information that these institutions seem to present leads to mass confusion and misconception that only increase the stigma and moreover, not contribute to empowering the need for self-care for the potential patients. This paper focuses on the beneficial outcome of the well informed society and the possibility of improving the well-being through social welcoming methods that can only be established by legitimating the existing power through knowledge.
More...
This reflective article is based on the experiences of two years of teacher training students from the University of Northampton and the Pedagogical University of Weingarten. This article looks more closely at the benefits that international exchange experiences have afforded the trainee teachers involved and how challenges to the process have been addressed. This reflection reveals the value of international exchanges in challenging perceptions and assumptions and how the thinking of the trainee teachers changed following the exchange. This study employs a qualitative approach drawing upon the reflections and experiences of the participants through written and spoken data. The findings reveal trainee teachers developed skills specific to teaching and in particular teaching languages, and they also demonstrated an increased awareness of non teaching specific skills such as problem solving and intercultural sensitivity. The reflections offer insight into how trainee teachers, use, interpret and subsequently act upon the experiences offered in an international exchange.
More...
Initial teacher education has gone through some radical changes in the past two decades: the two-cycled, Bologna-type system was introduced in 2006, but a few years later, in 2013 it was restored to the so-called undivided system. In resonance with international trends and national processes and developments, these reforms resulted in the appearance of some new elements in teacher education such as the mentoring system or the use of portfolios, while some other existing components with longer traditions (e.g. the pillar of practice schools) have gained even more importance. This paper aims to summarize and reflect on these changes and elements of initial teacher education through a critical pair of lenses, focusing on teacher preparation for lower and upper secondary education (ISCED levels 2 and 3) by contextualizing teacher education and revealing the challenges and progressive elements.
More...
The focus of the project undertaken is to comprehend, what is the research magistracy in education in the twenty-first century. Since the 1990s, when the master’s level of training first appeared in the Russian education system, a search was made for its place and role in the system of training highly qualified personnel for the education system. The central problem of the current stage of the master education development is a triple conjunction: understanding the relationship between research and educational activities; the reflection of the contexts, conditions and limitations of research activity in the field of education; and the creation of new research programs based on humanitarian discourses in the second half of the twentieth century. The conceptual foundations of the project were built in connection with the ideas of T. Kuhn’s “scientific paradigms” and I. Lakatos’s “research programs”, which made it possible to establish a correspondence between different educational values and the type of research practices; the field approach of P. Bourdieu, which allows the models and resources of research activity to be structured; and structural psychoanalysis by J. Lacan, which provides a new look at research activity. As a result of the article, a generalized image of the developed master’s program “Interdisciplinary Studies in Education” is formulated.
More...
The purpose of this study is to analyse the legislative measures and their implementation regarding the participation of children, parents and teachers in creating an educational program in pre-university education system, as a need for better involvement in school of all the actors, as well as the need for the children’s wellbeing. In addition, the study aims to bring parents’ and teachers’ views on the obstacles they face when they try to collaborate and participate in school life and in designing an educational program. Qualitative methods are used to achieve the aim of this study. The data were collected through document analysis (legislation, strategies, and regulations) for analysing how the law addresses participation of children, parents and teachers’ in school and through semi-structured interviews with parents and teachers from two primary schools so that they can state their perceptions on participation in school life. Each of them was posed 12 different interview questions. After evaluating the responses, some important issues were identified. The participation of children, parents and teachers in Albanian education system has changed in recent years, even promoted as a key that leads to success. However, because of the monist system, where such participation was neither legally recognised nor culturally accepted, this trinomial collaboration has not been easily introduced and integrated in the Albanian educational system. However, parents do not feel very involved in school life, or appreciated when they try to get involved, even though it is legally admitted the need for the collaboration between family and school. They neither take part in the approval of the curricula of the educational institution, nor in the selection of school textbooks as provided by the law. Research has shown that schools as bureaucratic and conservative institutions need to have clear written policies to encourage the participation of the parents and children when drafting an education program. However, when teachers were asked about parents’ participation in school, they said that in many cases parents neglect the collaboration with the school and appear usually when there are problems or troubles, while the participation of children in creating an educational program is still lagging behind.
More...
The purpose of this paper is to present how a selection of current school leaders in two countries, other than Poland, the country in which he lived, perceive the legacy of Janusz Korczak. These two countries are the United Kingdom and Canada. Its role is to present these interpretations for debate and discussion among other school leaders and practitioners, who claim inspiration from him worldwide. We have not suggested that there is a correct or incorrect way to interpret Korczak, rather we are simply interested in how current practitioners perceive his work. The first part of this article is a brief summary of key aspects from the life and works of Janusz Korczak that have entered educational conversation within the United Kingdom and the wider Anglophone world. This has often been through writings by and for teachers or books written for schools, rather than academic texts or even Korczak’s original works. Key aspects of his life story presented here are: those years leading the orphanage ‘Dom Sierot’, and most especially the final months of his life in the Warsaw ghetto, and the last recorded events of his life, including his refusal to go to Theresienstadt and his ultimate death in Treblinka. We also present in this section, because of an expectation that schools may have engaged with these, his views on how societal structures being designed by adults disadvantage children; and his valuing of children’s voices, as well as his views on the problematic nature of authority. This paper is a discussion of four linked case studies. Participants for this study were four school leaders, two from the UK and two from Canada. The schools they lead are schools that in public facing aspects of their schools, such as school webpages or public vision statements, refer explicitly to the influence of Janusz Korczak. The method of data collection used within this study was unstructured interviews with school leaders. Through this process we discovered that there are commonalities in how his legacy has been perceived. These included, for all, intertwining his life and work and in doing so presenting him as a role model to children and teachers. Other aspects of his influence focused on student voice, the breaking down of hierarchy and the enabling of creativity.
More...
Especially for laymen, interpersonal relationships seem to be clumsy and chaotic. Due to the dynamics, uniqueness, emotionality and embedding of interpersonal relations in various situational contexts, they elude the scientific objective perspective of the approach. However, social sciences have generated a number of approaches that allow researchers to see it in a more coherent and research-operational way. Some of them are mentioned in the article. The semantic-linguistic approach is fertile and promising. I evoke them by citing two metaphors: organic and dramatic by Erving Goffman. I also pay attention to the individual and social nature of the conceptual category of the reflected self (Charles Cooley), which reveals the individual-social nature of this concept. Yet another is the much explaining the labeling approach of Howard Becker, the role of expectations (Robert Rosenthal) and the significant current of ethno-methodology. In addition to these well-known perspectives, new ones have emerged in recent years. These include the stigmatizing approach introduced by Goffman in the 1970s, but which has found new theoretical and research continuations today. Reaching for emotions is something completely new, especially in sociology. I am referring here to the importance of the emotion of shame as the most fundamental emotion in the terms of Thomas Scheff. Szczególnie laikowi relacje międzyludzkie wydają się być niezborne i chaotyczne. Dynamika, unikalność, emocjonalność i osadzenie relacji międzyludzkich w różnych kontekstach sytuacyjnych sprawia, że wymykają się one naukowej obiektywnej perspektywie ujęcia. Nauki społeczne wygenerowały jednak szereg podejść, które pozwalają badaczom tego zagadnienia widzieć je w bardziej spójny i możliwy do badawczej operacjonalizacji sposób. W artykule sygnalizuje niektóre z nich. Płodne i obiecujące jest semantyczno-lingwistyczne podejście. Przywołuję je, przytaczając dwie metafory: organiczną i dramaturgiczną Ervinga Goffmana. Zwracam też uwagę na indywidualny i społeczny charakter kategorii pojęciowej Ja odzwierciedlonego (Charles Cooley) ujawniającej indywidualno-społeczny charakter tego pojęcia. Jeszcze innym jest wiele wyjaśniające podejście etykietowania (labeling) Howarda Beckera; rola oczekiwań (Robert Rosenthal) oraz znaczący nurt etnometodologii. Obok tych dobrze znanych perspektyw pojawiły się w ostatnich latach nowe. Należą do nich ujęcie stygmatyzujące, które wprowadził Erving Goffman w latach 70. ubiegłego wieku ale które współcześnie znalazło nowe kontynuacje teoretyczne i badawcze. Do zupełnie nowych, szczególnie w socjologii należy sięgnięcie do emocji. Nawiązuję tu do znaczenia emocji wstydu jako najbardziej fundamentalnej z emocji w ujęciu Thomasa Scheffa.
More...
The article attempts to analyze the challenges faced by deaf/hard-of-hearing children learning through nclusive education. Under consideration are taken following aspect’s: hearing impairment and conditions, teaching methods affecting the learning process, conditions that make it difficult for the student to receive the speech and the listening effort and fatigue that accompanies him; restrictions on lip-reading; cognitive load; fragmented access to informal and collaborative learning. The article concludes with an indication of creating a personalized educational environment for a student with hearing loss, which refers to the individualized learner profiles, personalized learning paths in accordance with the progression of the acquired competency-based progression under the modified conditions of the classroom space and its resources, structure and time of the school day. W artykule podjęto próbę analizy wyzwań z jakimi musi mierzyć się dziecko niesłyszące, słabosłyszące uczące się nurcie edukacji inkluzyjnej. Rozpatrywane są zróżnicowane indywidualnie konsekwencje uszkodzenia słuchu oraz warunki, organizacja, metody nauczania wpływające na przebieg procesu nauczani nauczania/uczenia się m.in. warunki akustyczne utrudniające słuchowy odbiór mowy oraz wysiłek słuchowy ucznia i zmęczenie, które mu towarzyszy; ograniczenia odczytywania mowy z ust; obciążenie poznawczy; fragmentaryczny dostęp do przypadkowego uczenia się , utrudnienia w korzystaniu z uczenia się we współpracy . Artykuł kończy wskazanie na nieodzowność tworzenia dla ucznia z ubytkiem słuchu środowiska edukacyjnego sprzyjającego spersonalizowanemu nauczaniu, które odwołuje się do „zindywidualizowanego profilu ucznia", nauczania według spersonalizowanej ścieżki zgodnie z progresją nabywanych kompetencji w zmodyfikowanych warunkach przestrzeni klasy i jej zasobów oraz struktury i czasu dnia szkolnego.
More...
Communication, both written and oral, as the key to academic and professional success has received much scholarly attention in the academic communities of Western Europe and North America. However, in the Eastern European educational scene, teaching academic communication, especially academic writing, in institutions of higher education has been largely neglected for a long time. This research attempts to look at academic writing practices at two universities in Ukraine and Poland from the students’ perspectives. The survey conducted among students pursuing master’s degrees in education and pedagogy at both universities aimed to reveal their attitudes, beliefs and opinions in three domains: cognitive, social and affective. The results lead to some important inferences: students’ exposure to academic writing is insufficient; the potential of writing as a learning tool is not fully understood; students’ awareness of academic integrity is rather low. The tendencies observed across institutions are mostly similar with occasional significant differences.
More...
As today’s communicative acts are usually irrevocably tied with digital technology, it is important to better understand the resulting ontological and epistemological shifts. The central claim of this article is that humans can no longer be the prime referents of research, either as pure communicators or pure audiences. Instead, research must become sensitive to relational agential flows, whereby different entities interact within ontologically flat agglomerations. For this purpose, the article develops a posthumanist account of the research process that explicitly rejects traditional anthropocentric assumptions in favor of an egalitarian framework that emphasizes relationality and, therefore, constant multidirectional change without linear paths of causation.
More...
Book review of: Anders Hansen, David Machin (2019). Media and Communication Research Methods. London: Red Globe Press; 2nd Ed., 314 pp., ISBN: 978-1-137-52824-7.
More...
Conference report: Online Conference of Young Scientists „Media and Social Communication – The 1st Edition. Coronavirus – Challenges of Modern Society” (May 15–16, 2020).
More...