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Children generally grew up in their parental households in Southeastern Europe, but these households had different structures. This paper analyses these household structures, the number of siblings, whether children co-resided with grandparents or not, the extent to which children experienced the death of a parent during childhood, and the living arrangements of orphans. The analysis is based on census lists from the 17th to the 20th centuries containing about 85,000 children, both rural and urban. Major differences appeared in the analyses between urban and rural children as well as between different countries. A common historical pattern for all Southeastern Europe in historical time could not be detected.
More...Bp Grzegorz Ryś w rozmowie z Dominiką Kozłowską i Miłoszem Puczydłowskim
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This paper deals with the theme of the Roma population’s education, presenting the premise from which the European educational policies start, the specific problems to the Roma population’s access to education and the solutions highlighted in the recent literature. In the latter part of the paper, there is presented a case study in Racoş commune, Braşov county, Romania, where a Roma community lives in conditions of extreme poverty. The research emphasizes solutions identified at a local level, in order to raise the Roma children’s participation in the educational process.
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The Romanian academic system must adapt to the changing demands imposed by the European educational standards, according to the conventions of Bologna and Lisbon. The compatibilisation of university paths in creating the curricula must consider the competences which are to be acquired. The responsibility belongs equally to the institutions providing academic programs, but also to the Romanian Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education. We intend to analyse comparatively both the constant and variable elements of the academic programs for the Music field. The efficiency of these programs is particularly reflected from the point of view of insertion in the labour market, so the direct beneficiaries are the graduate students.
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The main goal of the article is to present the research testing a model of investment structure in different phases of SMEs’ growth. The author assumed that the share and structure of investments vary in accordance with the stage of the company’s growth, and it is possible to describe the path which SMEs follow in their development. In the study based on organizations’ growth models, demand for particular resources in subsequent growth stages is presented. The model and investments structure is verified on a sample of 286 SMEs.
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The significance of the category of social movements in the processes of revitalization in local communities constitutes the subject of the presented analysis. Social movement was demonstrated as a structure based on categories such as social ties, social network, identification and emancipatory potential. By referring to Ulrich Beck’s theory, social movement was indicated as a derivative of social capital. Reference was made to the classic for social pedagogy concept – the concept of social forces, as well as to selected elements of the theory of activity and social activation and the theory of empowerment.
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Age is a social construct that should be analysed as a flexible, contextual category, while old age is subject to coding and interpreting that create different formal and informal concepts of old age. As a micro-social universe, a home for old and infirm persons functions as socio-cultural framework within which, by analysing the experiences of its beneficiaries, we established the existence of four dominant interpretations of old age: fatalist, affirmative, stoical and relativistic. This work is focused on the authentic voices of old persons and personal experiences of old age and ageing. Contextuality and variability (of the feeling) of age, articulately testified by those experiences, show that perceptions of old age and feeling of getting old decisively depend on a personal vision and interpretation of the experience, that need not be compatible with the actual chronological age.
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Atlas of Social Economy, periodical publication of the Institute of Social Economy - Civil Society Development Foundation, aims to offer a statistical dimension and analyse of the sector of social economy in Romania and of its main actors (associations, foundations, cooperatives, credit unions of employees, credit unions of retired people, commercial societies owned by social economy organizations). 2014 Edition of the Atlas of Social Economy presented the statistical overview of 2011 and 2012 years, analysing in the same time evolutions compared to the previous years, and it was elaborated in the framework of the project “Making social economy visible in Romania!”, co-financed by the European Commission, General Directorate for Enterprises and Industry and implemented by the Civil Society Development Foundation in partnership with the National Centre for Training in Statistics and the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Protection and Elderly. This article represents a synthesis of the Atlas of Social Economy, elaborated and published in 2014, which can be consulted by the readers online in full form at: www.ies.org.ro.
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The article draws connections between the social image of remigrant children and the social support that they receive in order to readjust when returning to the community of origin. It reviews both theoretical aspects as well as conclusions of a quantitative study regarding the image of these children and the availability of the community members to become involved in their readjustment. The study was conducted in one of the most important cities of Romania, the city of Iasi. The article presents a series of recommendations for the reduction of the negative effects of the phenomenon on the children and for facilitating their readjustment.
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Civic and ethnic nationalisms are merely abstract theoretical models that help us to understand the actions, reactions and claims of ethnolinguistic groups against the background of identity conflicts in a multinational state rather than fixed givens to describe either majority or minority groups in an essentialist fashion. This article deals with the relation between these two ideal types and the grey area between them. It questions the civic foundations of four Western nation-states that are commonly seen as modern archetypes of popular sovereignty, and aims to demonstrate the convergence of state insti-tutions with the interests of ethnolinguistic majorities in their respective nation-building processes. The article addresses first the theoretical underpinning of the civic-ethnic debate in political science, while special attention will be given to unequal power relationships between majorities and minorities. It goes on to talk about the practical consequences of this relationship for historical minorities in different state contexts: first in the French unitary state, then in Germany, Canada and Spain, three countries with distinctive federal structures, although Germany significantly differs from the other two, since the federal state structure never played a role in empowering national minorities, as the case of the Lusatian Sorbs illustrates. Nevertheless, as in France and Germany, national majorities’ claims to hegemony remain one of the main challenges for historical minorities in Canada and Spain.
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Functional asymmetry of the brain is usually examined taking into account the distinction between motor and sensory lateralization. This article presents the current state of knowledge on the lateralization of non-human primates. Motor lateralization in these mammals is by far the most studied. In contrast, there is still little research on sensory lateralization, although the experimental set-ups used in such studies are not complicated, and the procedure itself is relatively simple. In some studies, the results indicate the presence of lateralization of different functions within a given population. On the other hand, some characteristics indicative of the presence of hemispheric dominance in a population are only revealed in individual subjects. The results depend on the adopted methodology, and even research equipment, which may have a direct relationship with the divergent results. This situation requires careful analysis.
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Age discrimination means uneven treatment of individuals due to their age. The most frequently the discrimination is oriented towards the elderly, limiting their engagement in activities and (self)esteem. The paper is aimed at presentation ageism and is focused on its cultural determinants, manifestations, spatial distribution in contemporary Europe and on counter-activities which should be undertaken to reduce extent of the age discrimination. Specific attention is paid to cultural determinants of ageism emergence.
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The integration of instruction and research represents one of the fundamental goals of contemporary educational system. Elaborating effective mechanisms for applying research methods able to make science more attractive could solve the problem of motivating young people to study in this difficult but necessary field for society development. The study proposes a model of using chemical synthesis, studying molecular structure and composition of coordination compounds, applying quantum-chemical calculations and testing biological properties.The set of applied methods allows for a detailed analysis of certain features related to the structure and properties of new chemical compounds and is recommended for application within university courses and at pre-university level-for interested students.
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Svrha ovog napisa je razraditi svojstva, metodologiju, dijelove i domet opće teorije sistema i sistemske analize. Rasparčanost znanosti i neusklađenost teorijskih modela dovele su do izgradnje kategorije općeg sistema, preko koje bi se izvelo izgubljeno jedinstvo znanosti. Taj zadatak na sebe preuzima opća teorija sistema, koju ćemo analizirati kroz dva njezina bitna dijela - kibernetski i otvoreni sistem.
More...A TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF LITERACY STRATEGIES APPLIED IN EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES
The article highlights the perspective of high-school teachers working in a pedagogical profile regarding the application of literacy strategies in various disciplines and the importance of such strategies in the development of functional literacy in students. The method used for this study has been investigation, and the tool used to collect information has been the survey. The data has been analyzed using SPSS software, version 22.0. The elements examined through pilot study returned a reliability rate in between 0.62 and 0.822. Results have shown that teachers can partially define literacy, but they do not frequently apply, in their teaching activity, strategies that would develop students’ abilities. This study is paramount in the context of the PISA exams taken by students in Romania, which revealed the scale of functional illiteracy in pupils. Furthermore, the relevance of the study resides in the analysis of teachers’ perception of literacy strategies from the perspective of forming students as functional literate adults, but also as future teachers for primary school.
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