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The 2003 Convention and Its Implementation in Bulgaria
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The study aims to determine the trust and presence of police officers in schools in Serbia, as well as the perception of the principals and secretaries, teachers and staff, parents, and students on how successful the specific police units dedicated to schools were in fulfilling their tasks. The ex-post analysis was conducted through PEST/SWAT analysis, mapping the key actors and using batteries of online questionnaires, besides interviews with the MOI representatives, surveyed with personal interviewing, computer-aided surveying, desk analysis, and content analysis. The survey was conducted from September 2021 to June 2022. The research methods were implemented in 1140 schools in Serbia, and 8,617 people were included in surveys: police officers (308); principals and secretaries (1085); the team for protection against discrimination (982); teachers and staff (2988); parents (938) and students (2316). The relationships between the covariates and perception were investigated using the t-test, one-way ANOVA, multivariate linear regression, and binary regression. The results showed that a project of school police officers was not fully recognized as one of the strategically essential instruments for safe schools; trust is low, but presence is high. Besides that, the results suggest that the entire public believes that police are needed in schools and that it positively affects school safety. Regarding school safety policy, it is necessary to undertake three measures for the sustainable development of trust and the presence of police in school: regulatory, informative-educational, and institutional-organizational.
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year.
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The Histories and Film Festival in Râşnov (FFIR—Festiva-lul de Film și Istorii la Râşnov) held its fifteenth edition from 18 to 27 August 2023. ‘Radicalisation’ was the main theme of the festival, namely the fact that “our society seems less and less open to balanced dialogue; everyone defends and imposes their own truth and nuances dis-appear.” Museikon organised a debate on the topic ‘Con-temporary votive depictions—from Stephen the Great to the ktetors of our days’ (Tablouri votive contemporane – de la Ștefan cel Mare la ctitorii de azi) in the Old Church of Râşnov (dedicated to Saint Nicholas), on Wednesday 23 August 2023.
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The paper analyzes the campaign strategies of the “Prawo i Sprawiedliwość” (PiS) political party during the Polish elections from 2009 to 2020. It examines how the gradual modernization of communication strategies and the adoption of a less aggressive narrative contributed to the party’s revival after a decline in support caused by the political crisis of 2007 and the death of leader Lech Kaczyński in 2010. The research aims to identify the changes in campaigning that contributed to regaining electoral success since the 2015 national elections. The analysis is based on audio-visual materials produced by PiS for the elections during both the “crisis” period (2009-2013) and the “revival” period (2014-2020), allowing for a comparative analysis of the main changes between these two periods. Through content analysis of these materials, the study investigates the topics, genres, formats, national and European dimensions, personalization strategies, and use of negative advertising.
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The article examines the funeral and memorial rites in the village of Breznitsa, Gocedelchev region. The specific local manifestations of the practices studied are presented in comparison with those of the other Muslim communities. Various elements of this rite are described both as prescriptions in the Koran and the Hadiths, and as the narrative tradition of the Bulgarian Muslims. The analysis of the connections between written and oral traditions shows the presence of an untransformed, ancient layer which continues to exist in parallel with the precepts of traditional Sunni Islam, characteristic of Ottoman culture. The field data used is gathered by the author in the period 2021–2023.
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The article traces the processes of development and renewal of instrumental folk music through the practice of three representatives of Limanovi family playing zurna. They are from the village of Debren, Garmen municipality. The father Isuf Bayryamov Limanov (1944–2020) is a performer who masters the old instrumental musical tradition of Gotsedelchev region and passes his skills on to his son Isuf Limanov (1966). Initially, due to the banning of zurna music in the 1980s, he began his clarinet studies, but subsequently established himself as one of the brightest performers mastering the Gocedelchev zurna virtuoso. The grandson Vaidin Limanov (1989) preserves and develops the family tradition through the most modern technologies of keyboard electronic instruments, that have entered the folklore performance. In the art of different generations of musicians, traditions go through processes of rethinking, changing and living their new being.
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The article is based on the results of a nationally representative sociological survey conducted in 2021 within the project “National and European Dimensions of the Contemporary Identity of Bulgarians” (KP06-H50/6/30.11.2020), funded by the Bulgarian National Science Fund. The transformations in the identity of Bulgarian citizens are traced in today’s world of increased mobility, migration and communication with representatives of other ethnicities and nations, which changes the meaning of national borders, eliminates the closedness of national cultures and leads to the formation of a consciousness of supranational or European identity. The analysis of the ongoing processes in the contemporary identity of Bulgarian citizens is based on the understanding of identity as a social construct which has relational and situational/contextual structure, determined by the nature of interaction with “others” and changing over time. The results show that although at this stage the national identity is the leading and determining one in the self-identification of the Bulgarian citizens, the processes of formation of the supranational/European identity have begun and represents an important part of their self-identification. Over 50% of all Bulgarian citizens have consciousness of belonging to supranational structures, i.e., we can talk about processes of formation of supranational identity; and in 30% of them it is a question of a declared consciousness of belonging to Europe, including the identification as citizens of the European Union.
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As a result of the increasing number of Bulgarian-Armenian marriages in Bulgaria since the 1950s more and more people are born and grown up in such interethnic and intercultural settings. The main focus of this study is on respondents who are descendants of Bulgarian-Armenian marriages and the different identifications they construct in their mundane lives. The text will also pay attention to the interlocutors’ notions of homeland and their feeling of territorial identification from national and European perspectives.
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The article concerns Georgian clothing in terms of gender and location. Georgian women`s and men`s clothes are characterized by their set, shape, color and embellishment. The examined material is kept at the national, regional, and private museums in Georgia. Material dates back to the 18th–20th centuries. For comparative purposes, clothes of Near East peoples are pointed out where we can witness its elements. Historic-ethnographic, comparative analytic, photographic, and material collection methods were used during research. Information preserved in the past was gathered with the aid of the historic method and the material acquired was analyzed through the use of knowledge gained in neighboring research disciplines. The means for restoring an overall picture reflecting the past were provided by the comparative analysis method.
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The text offers an analytical look at self-presentation as an element of dialogue in five American audio podcasts about cinema, aiming to outline recurring motifs to highlight some of the ways in which the podcast medium has been adapted to and shaped creatively. The analysis of the observed podcasts shows that the dialogue in them is marked by a play with forms and communicative roles.
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What are the specific characteristics of media coverage of the Gaza conflict? This is the question that prompted the writing of this text. The clash between national security and the norms of international law have placed the fate of journalists in Gaza at the center of discussions regarding freedom of expression in a time of ongoing armed conflict. The realities on the ground have also empowered amateur journalists who, free from professional norms, have begun to cover the conflict in their ownspecific way. The fate of journalists in the enclave has sparked the frustrations of colleagues and media organisations around the world, who have called on the international community to act. It is naive to believe that the wave of protest against Israeli actions will bring about significant change on the ground, but it has shown that freedom of speech and respect for human life are things that we can unite behind as professionals and aspeople.
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This article investigated the increase of online hate speech practices in Latin America against women social leaders and political candidates during electoral campaigns and social rights activism. A qualitative approach was used to study this research problem (case study and secondary data analysis) to demonstrate that the growth of online hate speech limits the sociopolitical participation and enjoyment of fundamental rights of Latin American women social leaders and political candidates. The main results of the case study demonstrated that critical digital media education represents a possibility of intervention to counterbalance these discriminatory online practices. In this sense, the conclusions proposed Latin American educomunicación as a methodology for constructing ethical, social, and political alternatives because it promotes the development of critical collective consciousness and strengthens the effectiveness of normative actions.
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year.
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Content of the main Bulgarian scientific journals for the current year in linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography, archaeology and art studies.
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The article is focused on an internationally known plot type: the story of a maiden whose hands were cut off and miraculously restored. The author studies the variants of the motif and their symbolism in Bulgarian milieu, and suggests the hypothesis that it has originated as an element of archaic initiation rites. From there, it permeates the folk tale, where its symbolism refers to the heroine’s passage from a maiden into a wife and mother. At a later stage, this motif is utilized in religious literature and acquires Christian interpretation. In the course of time, a series of borrowings and mutual influences take place in both directions. Thus, the Christian and the folkloric narratives share a common thesaurus of plots, motifs, images and symbols. These refer to an ancient archetypal basis, but preserve their ability to assimilate versatile meanings in different contexts.
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