Mi, građani Evrope

Author(s): Étienne Balibar / Language(s): Serbian

Articles collected in this volume, written mostly in the past five years, attempt to develop themes already articulated in the Les Frontières de la démocratie. The book deals with historical and political borders, as places where citoyenneté and la civilité are being challenged, as loose or firm battle lines where democracy could be tamed or gain new inspiration. It deals with ambiguity of the term »community«, as community of peoples, community of citizens, national community striving to become trans-national on various levels where it is being constructed and sometimes de-constructed. (From Preface)

Drug Users in Prison: Norway's Experience and Bulgaria's Challenges

Author(s): Dimitar Markov,Hedda Giertsen,Maria Doichinova / Language(s): English

Publication looks over the situation of drug users in two European countries – Norway, known for its social and welfare-oriented state, and Bulgaria, which since the beginning of the transition from totalitarism to democracy lacks sustainable policies on prisons and drugs. The aim of this work is to comparatively present the penal policy towards drug users and the measures taken for convicted people addicted to narcotic substances, to identify those features which can be transferable and can assist Bulgarian authorities to improve the situation of drug users in and outside the prison. Finally, this research will try to propose concrete measures to be taken both within the penitentiary system and as crime prevention efforts among drug users.

Институцията омбудсман в Европа и България: правна същност и практика

Author(s): Nora Ananieva,Maria Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian

This educational manual is designed for the elaboration and carrying out of specialized courses and programs in Bulgarian universities and schools as well as for everyone who is interested in these scope of issues. Learning about the ombudsman institution's origin, evolution, powers, efficiency and forms would be a necessity for students of law, political sciences and sociology, experts in public administration, individuals studying the mechanisms for human rights protection in the country, etc. The knowledge about the ombudsman institution would also increase the opportunities of individual citizens to defend their rights against omissions, illegal or inappropriate actions, or abuse of power on the part of public administration as well as local self-government authorities and local administration.

Модел за подкрепа на жертви на домашно насилие и насилие, основано на пола

Author(s): Elmira Nesheva,Daniela Kolarova,Rumen Minkovski / Language(s): Bulgarian

Freedom from violence, regardless of its form, is every human being’s fundamental right. The rights to life, liberty and security of person have been regulated in the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as in the European Convention on Human Rights. The purpose of the Victims Support Model is to provide information and to present the currently existing activities, services and departments, which operate in the area of domestic and gender-based violence. The proposed Model accepts that the strong prevalence of the phenomena and the consequences thereof necessitate that it is treated as a public health issue. For this reason, an approach is being proposed, which defines and outlines the roots and the consequences of this problem in Bulgaria, identifies the risk and protective factors, and proposes strategies for effective resolution, including activities on prevention, timely reaction, and follow-up.

Национално изследване на домашното насилие и насилието, основано на полов признак (ДННОПП), и изработване на модел за подкрепа на жертвите на насилие (МПЖН).

Author(s): Slavyanka Ivanova,Miriana Ilcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian

The current brief is based on the results of the National Study on Domestic and Gender Based Violence (DGBV) and Elaboration of Victims Support Model (VSM), developed under Programme Area 29, BG12: Domestic and Gender Based Violence, Measure 3: Research and data collection of the Norwegian Financial Mechanism. The study focused on four main thematic areas connected with DGBV phenomena: factors and causes, scales and prevalence, consequences, and public response. The study revealed that DGBV victimisation is caused by the simultaneous action of three types of factors: factors representing a conflict, violent conflict-resolution models that the perpetrators follow, and lack or blocking of deterrent mechanisms. DGBV re-victimisation occurs when the victims lack both internal and external resources to counteract. The reporting of DGBV prevalence depends on three factors: real occurrence of DGBV, awareness that the experienced acts represent DGBV, and readiness to share this experience with authorities, help providers or researchers.

Национално изследване на домашното насилие и насилието, основано на полов признак. Аналитичен доклад

Author(s): Slavyanka Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian

Bulgaria is among those half of EU-member states where statistical information about victim-offender relationship is not gathered, hereby making impossible the assessment of the share of domestic violence among crimes against the person. Domestic violence is not qualified as a criminal offence and is still not included in the Criminal Code – and respectively, in statistical data provided by the Police and by the National Statistical Institute. Information about numbers of complaints for domestic violence registered in the police and numbers of cases of domestic violence submitted to the courts are not present in the publicly available statistics either. The current report is part of the National Study on Domestic and Gender Based Violence (DGBV) and Elaboration of Victims Support Model (VSM), developed under Programme Area 29, BG12: Domestic and Gender Based Violence, Measure 3: Research and data collection of the Norwegian Financial Mechanism, in response to their aims: research and collection of data regarding the prevalence and measures to prevent and combat DGBV. The general objective of the study is to contribute to the prevention of DGBV and to improve the situation of DGBV victims in Bulgaria, with specific focus on Roma women and girls. The specific objective is to develop knowledge and expertise regarding the situation of domestic and gender-based violence to ensure that all stakeholders including the Bulgarian government can access strong independent analysis in order to facilitate better informed and evidence-based policy decisions. This objective is achieved by conducting quantitative and qualitative study in Bulgaria which provides data regarding the prevalence and measures to prevent and combat DGBV among the general and Roma population. Additional objective is to develop and pilot a Victims Support Model (VSM), which aimed to involve local community in the assistance and protection of DGBV victims and engage the key local stakeholders (police departments, service providers, local authorities, Roma organizations).

Подпомагане и реинтеграция на деца – жертви на трафик: Подобряване на политиката и практиката в страните от Европейския съюз

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian

This Handbook presents the main results of an in-depth evaluation study of the legal, policy and practical frameworks for assistance to and reintegration of child victims of trafficking in six EU Member States – Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia, and Sweden. The three reports included in this Handbook are based on three standardised methodologies for examination of legal and policy frameworks, for evaluation of programmes for assistance and re/integration of child victims of trafficking and for indentification of good practices in this area. The reports analyse the relevance of legal frameworks for the needs of trafficked children and the effectiveness of services for such children in different areas of assistance, such as: identification of trafficked children, appointment of a guardian, individual case assessment, regularisation of status, interim care and protection, durable solutions and longterm re/integration. The reports offer a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of assistance and reintegration programs and discuss identified challenges that need to be addressed in countries of both destination and origin in order to assure better protection and assistance to trafficked children across the EU.

Индекс за мониторинг на условията в затворите: методология и пилотни резултати

Author(s): Dimitar Markov,Maria Doichinova / Language(s): Bulgarian

International organisations, national governments and human rights NGOs exercise various types of monitoring of the penitentiary systems. In order to quantify their results, there are some generally accepted indicators (such as the number of inmates per 100.000 citizens), but in many specific areas like healthcare, employment, security and safety, such indicators have never been applied. Therefore, those monitoring efforts will substantially benefit from an instrument capable of supplying comparable and easy-to-use data on the situation in prisons. To address this need, the Center for the Study of Democracy, in cooperation with the Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts, the Observatory on the Penal System and Human Rights with the University of Barcelona, the Law Institute of Lithuania and Association Droit au Droit, developed a Prison Conditions Monitoring Index (PCMI) – a system of indicators translating into comparable figures the situation in different prisons. In the end of 2014, the PCMI was piloted in several prisons in Bulgaria, Germany and Lithuania to test its operability and analyse the potential use of the results it generates. The present report elaborates on the methodology underlying the PCMI and offers a summary of the results of its pilot implementation. It is intended for a broad audience of readers including policy makers, prison staff, lawyers, social workers, academics and NGOs interested in the topic of prison monitoring.

Институционални индикатори за управление на делата в наказателното правосъдие: Международни и национални индикатори, ситуацията в България и Полша

Author(s): Nicola Giovannini,Malena Zingoni,Miriana Ilcheva,Paweł Wiliński,Petr Karlík / Language(s): Bulgarian

This publication reviews the existing practices of courts’ performance measurement and criminal cases management based on the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness, transparency, quality care, benchmarking, result orientation and accountability. These efforts are considered on supranational and national level as two components of the process of implementing a quality model in the justice sector, growing increasingly intense at EU level. At national level, the report examines the achievements in implementing performance indicators in England and Wales, Germany, Netherlands, Finland, Belgium, France and Spain, as well as in Romania. The normative, policy and strategic framework of Bulgaria and Poland is also tackled in order to cover the prospects for introduction of such indicators in the two target countries.

Наказание на свобода: възможни алтернативи на затвора в Европейския съюз

Author(s): Christine M. Graebsch,Sven-Uwe Burkhardt / Language(s): Bulgarian

The issue of imprisonment vs. alternative penalties has been debated in various European countries during the last decades, and ambulant sanctions have been heavily on the rise. Community sentences and other alternatives to imprisonment are regarded as modern instruments for the rehabilitation of offenders. The objective of the present study is to examine the scope of application of penalties without deprivation of liberty as compared to imprisonment as well as to identify promising practices of alternative criminal sanctioning in Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Spain and Lithuania. As this study covers several European countries, the comparative perspective suggests itself nearly as a matter of course. In this connection, it seems reasonable to describe the existing ambulant sanctions of the different member states involved, taking into account their legal arrangement and their relation within the system of penal sanctions including their relation to the deprivation of liberty. It in addition appears sensible to describe and compare these ambulant sanctions with reference to their contribution to the re-socialisation or rehabilitation of those subjected to them as well as with special attention to the involvement of civil society in their execution. In a further step, promising practices in connection with ambulant sanctions could be highlighted which may be recommended for imitation by other member states. Such an approach proves to be impossible for multiple reasons, though, and it would be inadequate just to make such an attempt. There are exemplary references to ambulant sanctions in Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Lithuania and Spain. This is due to the fact that scientists from these countries have taken part in the realisation of this project but not necessarily because of specific outstanding features of their sanction systems in comparison with other member states.

Правото на защита и принципът на равнопоставеност на страните в българския наказателен процес

Author(s): Maria Yordanova,Dimitar Markov,Miriana Ilcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian

The publication analyses the regulation of the right of defence in Bulgaria and explores the principle of equality of the parties in the pre-trial phase. For the purposes of the study the authors present the system of judicial and investigative bodies as well as the most important characteristics of the criminal proceedings, in particular of the pre-trial proceedings. The study discusses the rights of the defence counsels and their procedural role and outlines a number of problems that attorneys face in defending their clients during the criminal proceedings.

Истражување за разбирањето и познавањето на граѓаните на човековите права и механизмите за заштита при нивно прекршување

Author(s): Viktorija Borovska,Kalina Lechevska,Ana Blazheva / Language(s): Albanian,English,Macedonian

The origin and transformation of Sexes

Author(s): Konstantinos Maritsas / Language(s): English

I started writing this book with only one question – What is the meaning of sex? On this question there are thousands of books, but until the present day there has been no answer.Nature has created many ways for the reproduction of species. Some have disappeared along with the species, some still exist today. But in practice, species that reproduce bisexually have conquered the planet, with man as its chief representative. And not only this. According to Darwin, the existence of the sexes, male and female, is so important that it leads to “sexual selection”, which dominates even “natural selection”:

Malé obce za rovné příležitosti žen a mužů

Author(s): Kristýna Ciprová,Alexandra Jachanová Doleželová,Helena Skálová,Linda Sokačová / Language(s): Czech

Politiku zaměřenou na vyrovnání šancí žen a mužů by měly prosazovat všechny úřady veřejné správy nejen proto, že Česká republika při vstupu do Evropské unie podepsala závazné dokumenty a přejímá evropskou legislativu v této oblasti. Faktem totiž je, že v České republice nebylo dosaženo rovnosti příležitostí žen a mužů ani v soukromém ani v pracovním životě a úřady veřejné správy by měly vyrovnávání šancí podporovat především v pracovně-právních vztazích a měly by provádět osvětu zaměřenou na veřejné mínění. Rovné příležitosti znamenají neexistenci překážek pro účast na ekonomickém, politickém a sociálním životě na základě pohlaví. Programy rovných příležitostí reagují na společenské překážky a znevýhodnění, kterým čelí některé skupiny obyvatel – např. ženy, rodiče, lidé nad padesát let, zdravotně handicapovaní atd. Jejich cílem je nastavit jim rovnou startovací čáru, která těmto skupinám umožní důstojné postavení ve společnosti a realizaci na základě vlastních schopností a dovedností. Rovné příležitosti jsou také jedním ze základních principů Evropské unie a jejích politik. Protože programy rovných příležitostí jsou odpovědí na systémovou diskriminaci ve společnosti a na trhu práce, není možné je považovat za neoprávněné zvýhodňování jedné skupiny obyvatel nad druhou. [...]

Reprodukční práva žen a mužů

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech

Reprodukční práva žen a mužů znamenají, že jakákoli osoba nebo pár se může svobodně a odpovědně rozhodnout kolik, v jakém intervalu, kdy a zda mít děti. Zahrnují také možnost rozhodnout se o podstoupení či nepodstoupení interrupce. Nedílnou součástí je právo na informace a prostředky, které přispívají k sexuálnímu a reprodukčnímu zdraví žen i mužů. Jak jsou reprodukční práva ošetřena v mezinárodních dohodách? Právo na reprodukční zdraví, plánované rodičovství, na informace a vzdělávaní v oblasti reprodukčních práv je zakotveno v řadě mezinárodních dokumentů a dohod. Jedním z nejzásadnějších přelomů byla v této souvislosti Mezinárodní konference o populaci a rozvoji, jež se konala v Káhiře v roce 1994. Zúčastněné vlády se shodly na důležitosti všeobecného přístupu ke službám zajišťujícím reprodukční zdraví. Zde i na dalších mezinárodních kongresech (jako např. na 4. konferenci o ženách v Pekingu) byl rovněž defi nován obsah pojmu reprodukční práva: právo rozhodnout se o tom, zda, kolik a kdy mít děti, svobodně se rozhodnout o manželství a založení rodiny atd. [...]

Proceedings of the 37th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities, vol. 1

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The 37th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities was held at The Erdman Center, 20 Library Place, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA, on August 8-9, 2024, and was organized by the Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies.

Teoride ve pratikte insani yardim

Author(s): / Language(s): Turkish

Natural disasters, poverty, conflicts and climate crisis cause more and more people in the world to become in need of humanitarian aid. Due to its geographical, geopolitical and historical location, humanitarian aid has become an issue of strategic importance for Türkiye. Frequent natural disasters in Türkiye, Türkiye’s proximity to chronic conflict zones, the concentration of communities in need of humanitarian aid in geographies in Türkiye’s sphere of influence, and Türkiye’s recent diplomacy/humanitarian diplomacy moves are the main reasons why humanitarian aid has become strategically important for Türkiye in theoretical and practical terms. To this, the lack of a ‘responsible’ and ‘conscientious’ leader or actor at the global level and the failure of international organizations to prevent conflicts must also be added. In such a theoretical and intellectual background and in the midst of the practical humanitarian aid realities culminating in the 2023-2025 Gaza Genocide, this book emerged from the papers presented at the First International Humanitarian Aid Symposium hosted by the Institute of International Relations and Strategic Studies (ULİSA IIRSR) of Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University and organized in partnership with the Turkish Red Crescent, AYBU Technology Transfer Office, and Tirana New York University, in December 2024. The book deals with the issue of humanitarian aid from a broad perspective in the context of the reasons leading to humanitarian aid, the humanitarian aid process, and theoretical and practical discussions that can minimize the need for humanitarian aid. Book sheds light on the complex dimensions of humanitarian aid that fall within the field of disciplines such as economics, politics, sociology, psychology, health and theology. The book contains studies that focus on both theoretical analyses and field applications. The 13 chapters in the book offer a wide perspective, from the historical foundations of cooperation to digital solutions and artificial intelligence-supported systems. Prominent topics include Turkey’s humanitarian aid activities, new disaster management systems, religious and sociological dimensions of humanitarian aid, the relationship between migration and humanitarian aid, and the effects of modern technologies on humanitarian aid. Studies discussing these issues will make significant contributions to the academic literature and field studies. This book, prepared under the editorship of İbrahim Demir, Muhammed Oruç and Elmas Bener Otacı, offers an interdisciplinary perspective on humanitarian aid and aims to contribute to the development of humanitarian aid concepts, theories, and practices in the Turkish literature.

Nezavisni monitoring primene Rezolucije 1325 u Srbiji

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian

In the period from 1991 to 2000, Serbia was marked by significant processes, the effects of which are felt to this day: first of all, we are talking about the aggressive military campaigns of the then Serbian regime (from 1991 to 1995 on Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, which continued after the Dayton Agreement with a low-intensity war against the Albanian population in Kosovo, which in 1999 resulted in a military intervention force of the NATO pact on Serbia and Kosovo). The Serbian regime is the most responsible for the breakup of Yugoslavia, primarily because the armed forces of the former Yugoslavia - the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) - sided with it, and with various paramilitary formations, which without exception were under the control of the regime's security services, committed numerous crimes in various parts of the former Yugoslavia. The Serbian regime waged a war against the civilian population, but also wars of plunder whose purpose was to redistribute the national wealth...

Persecutions, curses and the rest Dossier on attacks on Women in Black

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Violators of moral, political, cultural consensus, jumpers of ethnic barriers and walls, “deserters” from the national / patriotic and patriarchal honor have been exposed to various forms of repression for 30 years, relentlessly.

Politička kultura protiv evropeizacije - Ljudska prava u Srbiji 2014.

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Serbian

Serbia is once again at a crossroads, which requires the involvement of the entire society. The steps taken by the government in the direction of joining the European Union (EU) are not enough, especially when it is taken into account that there is no complete agreement within itself. This is particularly reflected in the implementation of the Brussels Agreement. The vast majority of citizens know nothing or very little about what EU membership entails on an individual level. In addition, most of the most important national institutions, such as the Serbian Orthodox Church, partly the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, SANU (which is trying to reorient itself), significant intellectuals, as well as parts of the civil sector do not support the values ​​on which the EU rests. Turbulence within the EU itself, as well as the disorientation of individual members, works to the advantage of those who oppose the EU and strengthens their resistance.