Predrag Govedarica O PROJEKTU

Author(s): Predrag Govedarica / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Projekat Diskriminacija, jedan pojam – mnogo lica nastao je kao posljedica opservacija kroz koje je uočeno da u bosanskohercegovackom društvu postoje različiti oblici diskriminacija, koji traže kritičku refleksiju i aktivističku reakciju. Željeli smo da putem neformalnih predavanja i druženja na Filozofskom fakultetu Pale, koji nam je otvorio svoja vrata za ove aktivnosti, razmatramo različite oblike diskriminacije koji postoje u našem društvu. Analizirali smo kako sam pojam, tako i njegovu manifestaciju u političkom životu, obrazovanju, medijima i sl. Željeli smo da progovorimo u svoje ime, ali i ime onih koji nisu u poziciji da kažu svoje mišljenje, jer su lišeni mogućnosti da javno iznesu svoj problem, da ukažu na različite oblike sopstvene isključenosti iz društva, da progovore o obespravljenosti i diskriminaciji kojoj su izloženi, jer je njihova marginalizacija nevidljiva, a glas nečujan.

Zabrana diskriminacije u Bosni i Hercegovini - pravni okvir i praksa

Author(s): Mario Reljanović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Discriminatory practice is negation of achieved standards of human rights. Therefore, an efficient antidiscriminatory system is prerequisite of enjoying many guaranteed citizens’ rights on basis of equality. Discrimination is also specific for not being only legal, but also sociological, culturological, even economic problem. Suppression of discrimination hence consists of several equally important aspects. This paper is about analysis of conditions in this area in Bosnia and Herzegovina – focus is on the legal framework as well as on its (non)implementation in practice, and other activities of the state and civil society significant for prevention and sanction of discrimination. Comparison with antidiscirimination legislation of relevant neighbor countries – Croatia and Serbia – is one of the significant parts of research, presented in order to point out weak spots and omissions and possible solution for improvement, but also to explore position of Bosnia and Herzegovina comparing to other states in region, in the field of human rights protection.

Ljudska prava

Author(s): Saša Gajin / Language(s): Serbian

Culture of Peace and the Fundamental Human Rights

Author(s): Titus CORLĂȚEAN / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Peace and different challenges we are currently facing in Europe, the need for a coordinated political European effort for promoting public policies and allocating appropriate resources in supporting a refreshed culture of peace inside and outside Europe represent the essence of this article. War and peace, international security, military tools and education, the priorities of the European Union are the basic references used on this purpose. From a historical perspective, the desire for peace of the humankind was supported in the 20th Century by important decisions taken by the international society, such as the signature of the Briand-Kellogg Pact (1928), the London Convention for the definition of the aggression (1933) and the UN Charter (1945). Nowadays, an appropriate and coordinated European political, economic, social and security management of the huge migration flow, generated by the conflicts in some other parts of the World, of terrorism and radicalization, the situation of different groups based on faith (for instance the Christians) should facilitate the promotion of a peaceful environment between and within the nations and discourage the tensions, conflicts and radicalization.

Human Security in an Unfinished State - Serbia 2005 -

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Political, social and economic problems characteristic of the societies with strong national feelings and plagued by xenophobia and unsolved problems of the past kept weighting the overall situation of human rights in Serbia in 2005. The restoration of basic tenets of Milosevic’s policy (nationalism, populism, fundamental misconception of the international order and reality, resistance to change, marginalization of political opponents and their stigmatization, etc.) and the silent rehabilitation of the Socialists’ cadres (to be ascribed to the Socialist Party of Serbia’s support to the minority government, but shared ideological and other interests as well) called into question, i.e. brought to a standstill reforms and the process of facing up the past. Besides, Serbia is burdened with the defeated national policy and pending state issues. Serbia is still left without a new constitution that would define her as a modern state, and, consequently, without state symbols such as national anthem, banner, etc.

CONSIDERAȚIUNI PRIVIND DREPTURILE OMULUI ÎN CONTEXTUL DEZVOLTĂRII TEHNOLOGIILOR INFORMAȚIONALE

Author(s): Igor Serotila / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Against the backdrop of a technological revolution, several legal relations have been augmented by the application of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, new compounds, autonomous cars, etc. In this context, it is important to underline that current knowledge on the effects that technology has on legal systems, especially on the protection of human rights, is limited, at times, theoretical and practical approaches are lacking. Alongside the aforementioned, technology encompasses the potential the ascension of human rights, but, at the same time, it can create particular hindrances for the effective guarantee of human rights, hindrances that affect both the person and the collective. Legal sciences have to offer solutions to the challenges, controversies and opportunities created by technology, especially to the complex and conditional interaction between human rights and technology. In respect to the aforementioned, the author provides and overview of the correlation between human rights, their effective protection and information technologies and argues the need for the evolution of law systems.

DREPTURILE COPILULUI VS. JURISPRUDENTA CEDO

Author(s): Roxana-Daniela Păun / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The child and his/her rights have been constituted and constitute landmarks that the family, local and central public authorities must govern and prioritize their present to ensure a safe and harmonious future. Beyond statements and good intentions, facts are the ones that make the difference for the future of the young generation, in a globalized society in which the cultural influences of other peoples act persuasively in all spheres of society, and even more so in the social component. The future of this nation depends on our children's present!

Processing of personal data. Case study: a fair balance between the right to information and the right to privacy

Author(s): Mioara Florina Pantea,Camelia Daciana Stoian / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

All those who seek to achieve the concept of 'effective education', both institutions or governmental authorities that are part of the central or local public administration, educational institutions, teachers, or students, aim at achieving a standard that meets the attributes of quality, objectivity and equity in any level, the only ones who can configure and ensure the development of academic quality in a double sense, from teacher to student, respectively from student to teacher. Application and interpretation of personal data protection legislation has its own role in achieving and maintaining quality by continually correlating with everything involving objectivity and impartiality, the only one that can give a fair balance between the requirements of the European framework in the field and the proof of the quality of being worthy of confidence in the personal development and realization of students through the diligence that has been done to ensure the development of the academic body. The point of view is a plea that underlines the importance of correctly interpreting the scope of Regulation 679/2016 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data and why not to over rule the case law of the European Court of Human Rights or the Court of Justice of the European Union, which does not exposeus as representing not just a good practice.

Vladavina prava i ovlašćenja ombudsmana

Author(s): Nada Grahovac / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Institution of Ombudsman was introduced to legal system of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Law on Ombudsman for Human Rights which was imposed by High Representative for B&H in 2000 and adopted in its original text by the Assembly of B&H Parliament in 2002. In its field of work Institution of Ombudsman faced lack of legally defined authorities for efficient exercise of Ombudsman mandate. It is emphasized that the Law on Ombudsman for Human Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina did not give authority to the Institution to initiate laws and other bylaws that are important for respecting and protection of citizen’s rights as well as to initiate procedure before the Constitutional Court for legal removal of those laws and bylaws that lead to violation of citizen’s rights. Such legal solution is not only contrary to the Parisian Principles that set guidelines for establishing of institution, its competencies and independence of the institution for protection of human rights but it also con-strains institution’s abilities to protect citizen’s rights in individual cases and in its preventive activities. If it is kept in mind that, by definition, ombudsman is protector of legality and citizen’s rights, than his/her authorities must be widely and clearly stated in a way that allows him/her to meet requirements when facing mechanism of protection of human rights. That, among other things, includes authority of ombudsman to initiate proceedings in cases when, in his/her view, violation of human rights is a result of poor or faulty regulations, and ombudsman’s authority to initiate proceedings before the Constitutional Court in order to prevent violations of citizen’s rights that are consequence of application of the law and other regulations that are not in accordance with the Constitution and international standards for protection of human rights.

Powszechny system ochrony praw człowieka. Podsumowanie dekad

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The presented work discusses both achievements and future challenges in front of the UN Human Rights System, especially including the role of the United Nations organization in shaping and developing the system for protecting the rights of the individual. The publication constitutes an attempt at reflecting upon the treaty protection, in particular upon the internationally protected substratum of individual laws influenced by changing reality, and upon the efficiency of corresponding control mechanisms, in addition to the presentation of the Human Rights Council’s role. The paramount aim of the authors is to probe into the current state of human rights protection in its common scope along with its efficiency in the context of contemporary challenges and threats. The publication is addressed to all readers interested in the problematic of human rights protection.

Podstawy prawne i społeczne wolności zgromadzeń

Author(s): Rafał B. Kirsch / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article analyses the issue of the freedom of organizing and participating in assemblies as the basic attribute of the democratic state of law and as the symbol of the civil society. A freedom of assembly is one of basic foundations of every democratic society. It permits to indicate and, in the same time, to declare that historically, legally and actually the superior authority in the state belongs to the nation. Large gatherings constitute the important component of the history of Poland, as well as a mark of present times. All marches or demonstrations are the attribute of every political opposition and basic form of its activity. Assemblies constitute the sign of the societal opposition to the current political situation, but their primary role was an opposition to the power. Assemblies performed the integration function and consolidated mass in the fight for recovering the sovereignty. After the political transformation restoring the freedom of assembly became the natural order of things and reflected the creation of the democracy and pluralism in Poland. At present, role of assemblies has not lose her meaning and still constitutes the important component of expressing socio-political attitudes. In times, in which the considerable part of the social life is held in a virtual reality, it has seemed that assemblies might lose their meaning. It is not true, however. The media every week inform more and more on new gatherings, and their number is constantly increasing.

Prawo do ochrony danych medycznych jako prawo człowieka w świetle standardów uniwersalnych, europejskich i krajowych

Author(s): Marta Marciniak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper aims to present the legislative instruments stipulating the human right to the protection of medical data, which is a special category of personal data. We shall discuss the basic concepts of key importance for this subject, i.e., the definition of personal data; the definition of medical data; as well as the definitions of such issues as the processing of personal data and the data controller. The right to the protection of medical data is guaranteed by international law and under the European and Polish legal systems. This paper identifies international regulations governing the right to privacy, as well as the judgments and rulings of international bodies which define the protection of medical data as having the status of fundamental human right. It also presents international regulations directly dedicated to the protection of personal data and Polish regulations, which constitute the internal legal instruments for the protection of medical data.

Једнакост у правима и слободамам

Author(s): Rodoljub Etinski / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The fundamental principle by which the new age begins is that human beings are born equal in human rights and freedoms. The process of universal recognition and protection of human rights started after the Second World War and opened a perspective of equalization of human beings in their rights around the world. The equalization of human beings in human rights does not mean absolute uniformity of human rights. Universal and regional human right treaties leave certain space for adjustment of international standards to local cultural expectations. In spite of the fact that the issue of adjustment of international standards to local cultures is not without certain difficulties, it does not undermine the existence of universal standards of human rights. Overcoming global ideological division of the world in nineties contributes to certain equalization of civil and political rights, on the one hand, and economic, social and cultural rights, on the other hand, in respect to their national, regional and global protection and realization. The first legitimate purpose of national and international organization is protection and advancement of human rights. The main reason of the right to self-determination, proclaimed by the two covenants on human rights, is a protection of freedom of each society to search for the best ways for protection of human rights. On the other hand, everybody is empowered to social and international order that will secure full enjoyment of all human rights for all without discrimination on whatever ground – the principle proclaimed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and reconfirmed several times since 1948. In spite of this legal framework, due to various reasons, states and regions are not equal in their achievements in respect to protection and realization of human rights. They differ by their real capacities to satisfy human rights, especially economic, social and cultural rights as well as by their views regarding the best ways of realization of these rights. It may be concluded that it has been achieved a remarkable progress in equalization of human beings in declared human rights or global equalization of human rights at normative level. However, a progress in equalization of human beings in real enjoyment of human rights is much smaller. It is one of the biggest problems of the international community at the beginning of the third millennium.

The Adventist Children and Young People’s Perception of the Sabbath Day in Communist Romania

Author(s): Ciprian Corneliu Ciurea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

During the communist period, Romanian authorities faced a problem specific to the Adventist Church - the Adventist children did not attend school on Saturdays. Although they used the most varied methods of persuasion and coercion of children and parents to solve this problem, the authorities have not managed to fully defeat their resistance. This was the "big Adventist problem" that caused serious problems both to the Department of Cults and to the Securitate bodies, the Ministry of Education, the County School Inspectorates, the organizations of pioneers and youth, and the schools.

Human Rights Jeopardized in Turkey: Governmental and Judicial Intentions to Erode Due Process and the Right to a Fair Trial

Author(s): Hakan Aydın / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Human Rights Watch and other human rights organizations have drawn attention to abusive persecutions, the erosion of the right to a fair trial and torture during detention in Turkey. The government has ignored or sidestepped the European Convention on Human Rights’ (ECHR) decisions pertaining to pre-trial detentions and fair trials by adding new grounds to indictments and continuing pre-trial detentions.

Razumevanje Ljudskih Prava. Priručnik o obrazovanju za Ljudska Prava

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian

Published in 2005 by the Ministry of Human and Minority Rights of Serbia and Montenegro, elaborated by the Humantarian Lac Center, Belgrade.

LJUDSKA PRAVA. Pravno-sistemski okvir

Author(s): Saša Gajin / Language(s): Serbian

The legal-systemic framework of respect and protection of human rights can theoretically be built on three different levels of reflection of legal rules on the rights and freedoms of individuals. First, by defining the legal concept of human rights, it is possible to provide a unique answer to the question of what human rights are. Second, based on a comprehensive body of human rights rules, it is possible to theoretically determine the content of human rights law. Third, it is possible to show that human rights are a necessary integral and constitutive part of the legal order and thus legally establish them … In that sense, the question should be answered as to whether human rights are a necessary part of the law itself, i.e., whether it arises together with the law. In addition, an answer should be sought to the question of whether the existence of the legal order is conditioned by the existence of legal rules on human rights and freedoms, or whether it can still be theoretically conceived without human rights. The answers to these questions provide a legal basis for human rights.

Između slobode i restrikcija: zakonski okvir slobode okupljanja u BiH

Author(s): Amila Kurtović / Language(s): English

Sloboda mirnog okupljanja podrazumijeva pravo javnog ili privatnog okupljanja, sa ciljem kolektivnog izražavanja, promoviranja, traženja i odbrane zajedničkih interesa. Ovo pravo uključuje učešće u mirnim okupljanjima, sastancima, protestima, štrajkovima, demonstracijama i drugim privremenim okupljanjima sa specifičnom svrhom. U tom smislu, sloboda mirnog okupljanja, kao neophodan element demokratskog društva, osnažuje osobe u izražavanju njihovih političkih mišljenja, biranju lidera koji će zastupati njihove interese i biti im odgovorni, ali i u ostvarivanju literarnih i umjetničkih težnji, te drugih kulturnih, ekonomskih i društvenih aktivnosti, kao što je npr. održavanje i razvoj kulture očuvanjem identiteta manjina kroz slobodno izražavanje njihovog mišljenja na okupljanjima. Pored toga, ovo pravo može imati važnu ulogu u ostvarivanju drugih građanskih, kulturnih, ekonomskih, političkih i socijalnih prava. Takva međuovisnost i povezanost sa drugim pravima slobodu okupljanja čine vrijednim indikatorom nivoa poštivanja drugih ljudskih prava, kao i nivoa tolerancije prema različitim političkim, društvenim i kulturnim praksama i uvjerenjima. Poseban značaj prava na slobodu okupljanja ogleda se u mogućnosti utjecaja na vladu i njeno djelovanje kroz slobodno ispoljavanje mišljenja i stavova, u okviru redovnog političkog procesa. S tim u vezi, slobodno ostvarivanje ovog prava također pomaže različitim segmentima društva u artikuliranju zahtjeva i pritužbi, čineći ga krucijalnim naročito onim kategorijama stanovništva koje nemaju pravo glasa u izboru zakonodavnih ili izvršnih tijela vlasti, te onim građanima koji nemaju mogućnost ispoljavanja svojih stavova putem medija. Važnost ovog prava prepoznata je u brojnim međunarodnim i regionalnim dokumentima o ljudskim pravima, čija je članica i Bosna i Hercegovina (u daljnjem tekstu: BiH). Pored toga, u BiH je sloboda okupljanja garantirana Ustavom BiH, ustavima entiteta, Statutom Brčko distrikta BiH (u daljnjem tekstu: BDBiH), kao i zakonima o javnom okupljanju na entitetskom, kantonalnom i nivou BDBiH. Tako velik broj zakonskih akata kojima se regulira sloboda okupljanja na teritoriji BiH je, naravno, posljedica višeslojnog i kompleksnog sistema vlasti u državi, koji uključuje podjelu nadležnosti između države i entiteta, ali i entiteta i kantona u kontekstu Federacije BiH. Prema dostupnim analizama, takav regulatorni okvir rezultira brojnim razlikama, pa i proturječnostima u reguliranju slobode okupljanja između različitih administrativnih jedinica u BiH. Ovaj izvještaj donosi analizu zakonskog okvira koji regulira slobodu okupljanja u BiH iz perspektive ključnih međunarodnih standarda u ovoj oblasti. U tom smislu, vrijedi posebno naglasiti da je neovisni panel eksperata Ureda za demokratske institucije i ljudska prava (u daljnjem tekstu: ODIHR), pri Organizaciji za evropsku sigurnost i saradnju (u daljnjem tekstu: OSCE), zajedno sa Evropskom komisijom za demokratiju putem prava (u daljnjem tekstu: Venecijanska komisija), 2007. godine sačinio, a 2010. godine revidirao Smjernice o slobodi mirnog okupljanja (u daljnjem tekstu: OSCE-ove Smjernice ili Smjernice), u kojima su formulirani minimalni standardi kojih se države trebaju pridržavati prilikom reguliranja ove oblasti. Sadržaj Smjernica zasnovan je na ključnim problemima u oblasti slobode okupljanja, ali i mogućim načinima njihovog rješavanja, koji su u dokumentu predstavljeni putem primjera dobre prakse iz zakonodavstava država članica OSCE-a, te referiranja na relevantnu praksu Evropskog suda za ljudska prava (u daljnjem tekstu: ESLjP). Upravo takav pristup ovaj dokument čini autoritativnim izvorom kada je riječ o međunarodnim standardima i primjerima dobre prakse u oblasti slobode okupljanja. Stoga je i ova analiza zakonskog okvira u BiH zasnovana prvenstveno na tom dokumentu. U dijelovima u kojima je to bilo svrsishodno i potrebno, analitički je okvir dopunjen i uvidima iz Izvještaja ODIHR-a o monitoringu slobode mirnog okupljanja u odabranim državama članicama OSCE-a iz 2014. godine, te relevantnih izvještaja specijalnog izaslanika Ujedinjenih nacija za slobodu okupljanja i udruživanja (u daljnjem tekstu: specijalni izaslanik). Izvještaj počinje uvodnim razmatranjima o samom konceptu, prirodi i karakteru javnih okupljanja koja uživaju zaštitu prema navedenim standardima. Zatim se nudi analiza rješenja u BiH u pogledu reguliranja prostora za okupljanje, imajući u vidu njegov poseban značaj za poruku koju okupljanje nosi. Nakon toga slijedi analiza ključnih proceduralnih pitanja kakva su prijava okupljanja, njene dopune i rokovi, te pravo na djelotvoran pravni lijek u kontekstu organiziranja i realiziranja javnih okupljanja. U okviru razmatranja o pozitivnoj obavezi države da štiti I omogućava ostvarivanje okupljanja, neminovna je i analiza propisanih obaveza organizatora javnih okupljanja, nakon čega slijedi pregled i analiza problematičnih ograničenja slobode okupljanja u zakonskom okviru u BiH. Izvještaj zaključuju preporuke usmjerene na unapređenje zakonske regulative u ovoj oblasti u BiH. Jedan od izazova u pisanju ovog izvještaja je bio i nedostatak analiza u oblasti slobode okupljanja iz perspektive pravnih propisa koji je reguliraju. Naime, ova je oblast u BiH u najboljem slučaju parcijalno istraženo područje, jer postojeće analize ne obuhvataju relevantne međunarodne standarde niti cjelokupan zakonski okvir koji se tiče ove kompleksne oblasti u BiH. Neke od dostupnih analiza također se fokusiraju na problematične aspekte slobode okupljanja u BiH iz perspektive prakse, na što ovaj izvještaj ne pretendira. Zbog toga se nadamo da će ova analiza ponuditi sveobuhvatan pregled ključnih problema u zakonskom okviru u BiH u ovoj oblasti, istovremeno nudeći i konkretna moguća rješenja koja mogu biti od koristi kako donosiocima odluka tako i ekspertima i aktivistima u oblasti slobode okupljanja.

IMPROVING WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT THROUGH EVOLUTION IN KENYA: THE CASE OF NAIROBI AND KAKAMEGA COUNTIES

Author(s): Sylvester Ngome Chisika,Chunho Yeom / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This study aimed to investigate the progress of women's empowerment through employment opportunities in Nairobi and Kakamega Counties in Kenya between 2013 and 2017. Despite the increasing policies that aim to mainstream social equity and equality, there is still a significant gap between policy commitments and practices. The study evaluated whether the implementation of devolved governance in the two counties has improved women's empowerment. The study's framework included an in-depth review of policy documents, official records, and reports from official websites to understand women's economic empowerment status in Nairobi and Kakamega. The study analyzed qualitative and quantitative data from County Integrated Development Plans and other secondary sources. Specifically, it examined compliance with the 30% gender rule, requiring women to hold at least 30% of all elective and appointive positions. The study found that Nairobi commands the largest share of formal sector wage employment in Kenya, and women's access to employment opportunities remains slightly lower than men in both counties. Despite implementing the 30% gender rule, the study revealed the need for more comprehensive policies that promote gender equality and women's economic empowerment in both Nairobi and Kakamega.

Българските градинари в Будапеща през XXI век

Author(s): Mariyanka Borisova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The purpose of the research is to outline the specifics of Bulgarian gardeners and Bulgarian horticulture in Budapest in the first quarter of the 21 century by means of two examples.Methods of observation, biographical approach, and free and semi-structured interviews are applied. The relationship between Bulgarian horticulture and cultural heritage is analyzed.The study is the result of the author’s participation in a project “Migrations. Modernities, and Intercultural Mediation – Bulgarian Immigrant Groups to Hungary in late 19th and early 20th c. and their Impact on the Social and Cultural Life of the Host Society”.