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СИМВОЛ В СМЕНЕ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ЭПОХ

Author(s): Sergey Sharakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The interest to symbolic structures of the literary text has intensified in Russian literary studies during the last decades. Symbols have acquired many interpretations. Thus, the problem of subjectivity and arbitrary interpretation appeared. An approach is suggested in this paper that would allow defining criteria of scientific validity in symbol interpretation. Cultural and historical specificity of the symbol in the Antiquity, Middle Ages, and Modern Era is proved. Every symbolization type is analyzed from the point of its cultural and historical content, as well as categorical environment.

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Professor Marcin Wadowita (1567 – 1641), an Example of a Brilliant Academic Career in Old Kraków

Author(s): Tomasz Graff / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

The paper portrays the academic career of an exquisite Cracovian professor Marcin Wadowita (1567 and 1641). He was born in a small town of Wadowice . In his youth he used to look after pigs but towards the end of his life he was one of the most acknowledged scholars in Cracow, holding a function of the Dean of the Department of Theology and vice chancellor at the University of Cracow. When he died, the whole city mourned him. The University of Cracow at that time was undergoing a period of stagnation. Permanent lack of financial resources was making itself painfully felt. Additionally, the well-being of the University was constantly threatened by the Jesuit schools. Notwithstanding all the hardships, however, there appeared some exceptional scientific personalities, such as Wadowita, who managed to raise admiration of such figures as Pope Clement VIII. The author, discussing Wadowita’s academic career, will present it against a broader background of functioning of the academic environment in Cracow in the 2nd half of the 16th and the 1st half of the 17th century.

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ОТ ПОЭТИКИ МИФА К ПРОСТРАНСТВУ ТВОРЧЕСТВА: ТУЙААРА ШАПОШНИКОВА

Author(s): Vlada Vladislavovna Timofeeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The artistic process is considered in the paper as one of the methods of reproduction, representation, translation, and transformation of ethnic mythological meanings and symbols, as well as their adaptation to the new conditions of multicultural existence. Tuyaara Shaposhnikova, one of the brightest representatives of contemporary fine arts of Yakutia, creates works that are characterized by the associativity and polysemy by combining the methods of the European art schools and traditional techniques of folk creativity. The works of the artist are permeated with symbols and metaphors of the national traditional culture. The modern author creates a cycle of colorful lithographs based on the plots of oral historical legends dedicated to Elley, the cultural hero and first ancestor of the Sakha people. The graphic artist is attracted to his image expressing the family power due to its symbolic potential. The myth is naturally included into the structure of engravings through the quotes of folklore plots and the expressions of cultural and historical archetypes. T. Shaposhnikova has developed her own style based on the motifs of folk art and folk traditions of the Yakuts. Her works are characterized by elegant decorativeness of the general solution related to the use of geometric ornaments, symmetrical or balanced structure of the composition, flatness, and conventionality of the picture. It is concluded that the fine art of Yakutia undergoes a material process of adaptation to the perception by other cultures, thereby overcoming the isolation and one-sidedness of folk images and motifs and revealing the semantic unity of human cultures.

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“MADEN” FİLMİNİN MARKSİST ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ

Author(s): Birgül Alici / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 32/2016

Looking at socioeconomic changes from a perspective of a certain historical necessity, Marx focuses on the position, interests and struggle of the working class in the most capitalist and democratic societies within Marxism. In the study, a Yavuz Ozkan film "Maden" which explains the basic concepts of Marxism and the struggle of the working class, which Marx attaches great importance to, has been tried to be analyzed. The film, in which the soul of Marxism and its basic elements are studied on workers in a social realistic norm, is the result of a successful Marxist approach reflecting Yavuz Özkan's era.

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К. Г. Юнг на български – другият поглед към съвременната хуманитаристика

Author(s): Rumen Shivachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

The article reflects on the Swiss scientist translations’ influence on Bulgarian humanities. A short flashback revealing some Bulgarian writers’ Jungian appreciation of literature is constructed. Outlined is doctor Krustev – Karl Jung relation through Wundt and German philosophical, aesthetical and psychological school of the second half of the XIX th century. The text mentions the neglect of psychoanalytical methodology in Bulgarian literature and humanities, started by the “Misal” journal founder. Attention is payed to Yavorov’s poem “Nosht” (Night) as a productive object of psychoanalytical research. Mentioned are also some Bulgarian authors form different generations to whose works this methodology proves to be very productive.

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Домът на литературата: Югославски и постюгославски представи за литературната споделимост

Author(s): Ludmila Mindova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The Home of Literature is a metaphor of the literature and literary community. However, this metaphor is connected with the home obsession in contemporary post-Yugoslavian literatures. After the collapse of the Former Yugoslavia and Bosnian war, the home is one of the constant themes in contemporary literature in all area. We can see that in the poetry of the Bosnian-Slovenian poet Josip Osti, but also in the novels and essays of the famous emigrant writer Dubravka Ugrešić, as well as in the works of Peter Semolič, Miljenko Jergović, Vida Ognjenović, Jasna Koteska etc. The home is often present even in the titles of their works (House of Language by Osti, House of Words by Semolič, The House of Dead Scents by Ognjenović), and what is more important – the home is a counterpart of the literature as a place of the sense in the world that every day loses a part of its sense and good taste. The literary home is not a utopian place, because it is a collective image and it could be the dystopian place as well. We mark that through the works about the prison and concentration camps – The Damned Yard by Ivo Andrić, the novels and stories by Danilo Kiš, Dragoslav Mihailović, Branko Hofman, Miroslav Popović etc. At all events, the literary home is always a place of the reinventing of the sense.

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Memory, Interpretation, Identity

Author(s): Wojciech Kalaga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The article investigates complex relations between memory, interpretation and identity, with special emphasis on the role of memory as a building material and of interpretation as a constructor of human identity. Construed as an ontological condition of subjectivity interpretation seems to be inevitably involved in the workings of memory, both individual and collective. However, the archival model of memory dominant in the Western culture effectively excludes interpretation as a mechanism of (re)constructing memory because it depicts the latter as a stable and unchangeable imprint of an experience. Likewise, the Bergsonian model, which portrays memory as a virtual space, leaves little room for interpretation. It is only when Bergson’s model is supplemented with the pansemiotic vision of C.S. Peirce – or, in other words, when the virtual space is filled with an infinite network of interpretive sign relations – that the inextricable connection between interpretation and memory in shaping human identity becomes theoretically validated.

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Unfamiliar concepts as an obstacle for critical thinking in public discussions regarding women’s rights issues in Latvia. Reflective thinking in the ‘fake news’ era

Author(s): VEINBERG Sandra / Language(s): English Issue: 22 (2)/2018

In Europe it is now out of the question to express any doubts regarding the prevention of violence against women. The majority of the Latvian population also condemns the physical abuse of women; however, the Istanbul Convention which deals with this matter was not ratified here. A number of factors were at play, the most significant of which was pressure exerted through the direct influence of a campaign that had been organised by opponents of the broadest understanding of human rights. Such pressure was exerted on decision makers (MPs and political parties), with indirect impact on the population via social media and the news media outlets. Campaigns by interest groups which spread opposing views are not unusual in a democratic society; however, in this case there was no discussion between the opposing parties. The public domain was not open to an interaction of views and beliefs based on arguments and critical thinking, as the argument of the opponents rested entirely upon their beliefs, whereas the supporters of the convention relied upon valid proof. This article looks at the reasons behind the failure in terms of group communication to establish a constructive discussion on a topic that was so essential to Latvian society: one which served to combat and eradicate violence against women. It also seeks to establish whether the use of an irrational form of convincing technique contradicts the logic of critical thinking, and whether the emergence of unfamiliar and/or incomprehensible concepts on the agenda of a public discussion may serve to put the brakes on the constructive discussion of women’s rights issues which is so essential today to Latvian society as a whole.

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Параметри на Ероса между несъзнаваното и трансценденталното

Author(s): Nevena Krumova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

The text covers the parameters of the Eros in various theories. It refers to its place in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, as well as the relation between Eros, unconscious and sublimation. It also refers to the meaning of the Philosophical Eros and its place in some metaphysical theories.

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Philosophical Thought of Phan Boi Chau

Author(s): Cao Xuân Long / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Phan Boi Chau (1867 – 1940) was a representative of revolutionary thinkers, revolutionaries, poets and educators of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In his life of ups and downs, he has left many valuable ideas as lessons for the development of the country today. These are the views stemming from the pressing need of history for the fight for the liberation of nation and human; a combination of Eastern and Western cultural thought and Vietnamese cultural tradition; at different stages, his philosophical thought constantly changed and developed.

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Arendt and Heidegger: the Human Condition Reconsidered

Author(s): Tengiz Tsimnaridze / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Heidegger’s name is often brought up in connection to Arendt’s The Human Condition (1958), since his thought had a pervasive influence on Arendt’s work. Although Heidegger is not mentioned in The Human Condition, Arendt herself claims in her letter that her work “grew right out of the first days in Marburg and so is in all respects indebted to” him. Accordingly, this article is an attempt to search for the roots of Arendt’s philosophical views in her magnum opus. Based upon close reading of Heidegger’s texts, this article argues that Heidegger’s later philosophy has impacted on Arendt’s ontology and her understanding of modern society in The Human Condition. My plan is as follows: first, to note Arendt’s relationship to Western tradition of political philosophy; second, to discuss Arendtian notions of political action and public realm; and third to study her conception of modernity.

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Philosophy, Rationality and Decision-making: Basic Techniques and Tools of building the Human Mind

Author(s): Philip Ogo Ujomu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

This paper studies the viability of philosophy as a system of knowledge and its efficacy as a tool for decision making. Decisions are the key to life, given the existential predicaments human beings constantly confront and the fact that man is a purposive being. A being with a defined purpose is inevitably a being possessing rationality. Rationality is about the meaning and communication of our thoughts and actions. It is about the way that we manage our behavior and experience as humans. Our experiences commit us to courses of action- decisions, as seen in both the public and private domains. We are often confronted with choices or options about pathways or world views to follow or adopt. Such choices compel us to make decisions or take actions that have profound consequences on our lives and eventually on the lives of others. In some cases, decision making can be a mind boggling or tricky thing. Therefore, we may ask: Is there a way that philosophical thinking or knowledge can add value to the decisions made by people or even the capacity of people to make some decisions (moral, logical, epistemological, esthetic or political)? If the answer is yes, then what logical and empirical features of philosophy can facilitate constructive and valuable decision making in daily life or at higher levels of abstract thought. Through the use of examples and analysis, the paper shows that philosophy as knowledge system is particularly illuminating with regard to the ways our human minds form ideas or principles, and the role of ideas and concepts in building tools for coordinating the physical and mental aspects of reality. Reality is partly based on facts and phenomena, as well as value judgments, opinions, beliefs, tastes and preferences. How does philosophical knowledge help us to manage these dynamic and different elements in reality? This work emphasizes the qualitative or social elements that philosophy brings to bear on the material and mental aspects of human existence.

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How can we broaden Myopic Moral Horizons? The Role of Ethical Gradualism for ‘Moral’ Remapping

Author(s): Silviya Serafimova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

One of the main objectives of this article is to clarify why ‘mapping’ otherness in the era of the Anthropocene is not an axiologically neutral process. This hypothesis is elaborated by demonstrating how the proponents of both radical anthropocentrism and radical eco-centrism rely upon the center-periphery dichotomy when ‘mapping’ what they understand by other in both spatial and moral terms. In this context, I argue that overcoming the negative effects of so-called myopic moral horizons is possible by adopting the principle of ethical gradualism in an interspecies context.

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Свободата в контекста на руската етическа парадигма – част II

Author(s): Dobromir Dobrev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

Freedom in the context of the ethical views of the Russian classics – Berdyaev, Solovyov, Dostoevsky and others, is examined. Emphasis is placed on freedom and the enormous challenges to achieve it. The faith in Man and the possibility for divine incarnation is a distinctive characteristic of Russian religious philosophy. The second part examines Solovyov’s formulations of the Good and its realization. His polemics with Kant for the Moral Good and the Highest Good is presented here. Berdyaev’s thesis for the relationship between Man and God is also investigated. Just as Man needs God, God also needs Man.

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Process-relations in “Time Experience”

Author(s): Serghey Gherdjikov / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

I analyze here process-relations in time experience. My thesis is that McTaggart’s series A and B are process-relations. I demonstrate how McTaggart’s unreality thesis should be replaced by a relativity thesis: Series A and B are relations of processes: asymmetrical and ordered. The coordinate system of time experience is centered in our living body, in its life process, which is directed against entropy increasing: biological arrow. From that flowing position we first experience series of events and they all are ordered in direction past–present–future. From the same position we experience a “backflow”: we first expect, then perceive, and then remember an event in a series: future–present–past. Life process, directed against entropy increasing, which I call “biological arrow” is basic explanation of time experience. Time as such does not exist – only processes (series of states) exist. I suggest some small experiments to demonstrate my main points and to argue against the transcendental phenomenology of “time consciousness”.

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Мястото на интелекта в теориите за съзнанието от по-висок ред (ТСПР)

Author(s): David Peev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The central aim of this paper is to provide certain clarity regarding the question ‘What role does ‘the intellect’ play from the perspective of a Higher-order Theory (HOT) of consciousness. My hope is to show that there are grounds for the conclusion that there is a close relation between what we call ‘intellect’ and the evolutionary and adaptive processes that a biological system undergoes. As for the final result, my goal is admittedly modest – to merely outline a working definition of the term ‘intellect’, which is, however, compatible with evolutionary theory. Nevertheless, I hope that, if successful, such definition can facilitate future research in the field.

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Кант или Kант(ор)

Author(s): Valentin Asparuhov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The article aims to overcome the traditional standards in connection with the interpretation of Russell’s philosophical logic. The requirement which is needed for that aim to be done is the re-evaluation of a series of features in the British philosopher’s mode of thinking. The text is organized as it follows. 1) A mixture of some autobiographical storylines, which suggest the negative attitude of Russell to the tradition of transcendentalism. 2) Analysis of some selected sections from Russell’s unpublished manuscript from 1903/1904, which is rarely mentioned, too. In the context of the same manuscript, some indicators are visible, and they show that in his mental experiments transcendental counterparts of important logical puzzles exist. 3) It is maintained that the problems of philosophical logic and non-classical transcendentalism could be studied together relying on Critique of Pure Reason.

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Някои аспекти от църковното учение за духовната борба въз основа на съчинението на св. Йоан Касиан Римлянин „Събеседвания с отците“

Author(s): Stoyan Chilikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The study focuses on some aspects of the church’s spiritual life, based on the work of St. John Cassian. “Conferences of the Desert Fathers”. The author seeks answers in the writings of the Reverend and the practice of the church about the emergence and overcoming of the confrontation of the Eucharist with asceticism and the Eucharistic spirituality with therapeutic spirituality. Тhe dependence of the ascetic views of Rev. St. John Cassian on Origen and Evagrius of Pontius, who prioritize the fight with passions, purifying the heart and contemplation of the life of the church was studied and analyzed in a discussion manner. For the purpose, were made parallels of the ideas of St. John Cassian’s work with the hymnographic texts of the liturgical tradition and other ascetic writings of the early Byzantine Fathers of the church. The text of the study raises the question of the existence of the therapeutic and eucharistic spirituality of the church separately from each other, as being extrinsic to the Orthodox church spirituality.

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Gândirea politică românească în secolul al XIX-lea. Teme în dezbaterea contemporană

Author(s): Ion Goian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2019

The study offers a broad perspective on the origins of the modern political ideas in the three provinces that will agregate into the state of Romania in 19th and 20th centuries. In Moldavia and Valachia with the attempts of the boyars and other learned persons (mostly clerics) to import from the Western Europe new ideas about the state, the relations between state and churh etc., under the influence of Western Enlightenment. In Transylvania the same attempts to develop modern political ideas and a national political identity is summarized by the author in the context of the efforts of the majoritary Romanians to achieve equal political and civil rights which were denied to them by the ruler class under the domination of the Austrian Empire and, since 1867, by the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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India’s Global Modernity and Muslim Terrorism in the Hindi Cinema

Author(s): Syed Waqar Haider / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

From its very inception, Indian cinema has been a cinema interested in the idea of nation. Although Raja Harishcandra (credited as the first Indian feature film) was strictly speaking a mythological, Dadasaheb Phalke’s motivation was grounded in a strong sense of nationalism.

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