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Právnofilozofické názory Františka Deáka

Author(s): István Stipta,Károli Gáspár / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2015

The essay reviews the general theories of one of the most remarkable reform politicians of Hungary, Ferenc Deák on law. A part of the professional literature debates whether the famous politician had any coherent and reasoned philosophical concepts are based on his essays. This paper attempts to justify that the pragmatic politics and legislative activity of Deák was led by conscious principles of natural law. In his system of ideas, not only progressive antique and humanistic elements but also the modern philosophical trends of the 18th century are present. Deák considered law and morality to be in an organic unity. As a politician and legislator, his main idea was the respect of law, the attachment to acts and the strong belief in moral fortitude.

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CAMERATA SLOVACA – POKUS O SYSTEMATICKÉ PESTOVANIE KOMORNÉHO ŽÁNRU V OPERE SLOVENSKÉHO NÁRODNÉHO DIVADLA

Author(s): Michaela Mojžišová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 01/2014

The activities of Chamber Ensemble of Slovak National Theatre in the seventies of the last century were a unique step in the systematic cultivation of opera genre on the first national scene. The ensemble was formed around the members of a chamber orchestra Camerata Slovaca and its founder, artistic director and dramaturgist – the conductor Viktor Málek. The ensemble staged seven opera productions in SND. In terms of dramaturgy, we talk about the conceptual, style and genre-balanced program, in terms of musical and theatrical interpretation, the productions were in most cases quite a success. After the Chamber Ensemble of the SND Opera ceased their activities, the baton in the cultivation of chamber music was picked by Chamber Opera, founded in 1986 at the Slovak Philharmonic, while SND almost invariably resigned from staging chamber music pieces.

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TEMPEST MASQUERADES

Author(s): Anna A. Hlaváčová / Language(s): English Issue: Special/2014

This study describes the unresearched phenomenon of tempest masquerade among the Kalabari and Ibani and is supported by original photographs from the author´s field research. It deals with the representations of thunder and lightning – analysing the different ways of accessing a natural phenomenon.

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Recenzie a anotácie

Author(s): Juraj Marušiak,Ondrej Hronec,Michal Baran,Zdeněk Vopat,Ingrid Kunovská / Language(s): Slovak,Czech Issue: 2/2019

Review of: Zenderowski, Radosław et al.: Mieliśmy swój dom, w którym byliśmy szczęśliwi… Konflikty etniczne na terytorium byłej Jugosławii w narracjach migrantów z państw postjugosłowiańskich mieszkających w Austrii. Warszawa : Wydawnictwo Naukowe UKSW, 2019, 138 s., ISBN 978-83-8090-548-1 Levitsky, S. – Ziblatt , D.: Jak umírá demokracie. Praha : Prostor, 2018, 335 s., ISBN 978-80-7260-394-7 SNYDER, T.: Cesta do neslobody. Rusko, Amerika, Európa. Bratislava : Premedia, 2018, 344 s., ISBN 9788081595981 KRE JČÍ, O.: Geopolitika Ruska. Professional Publishing, 2017, 534 s., ISBN 97880906559490 Štefančík, R.: Christlich-demokratische Parteien in der Slowakei. Eine neue Perspektive. Hamburg : Verlag Dr. Kovač, 2019, 212 s., ISBN 978-3-339-11192-0.

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Recenzie a anotácie

Author(s): Jozef Beňa,Martin Brabec,Lucia Hlavatá,Ondrej Hronec,Břetislav Horyna,Helena Melkusová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2020

Dornfeldt, M. – Seewald, E.: Dejiny nemecko-slovenskej diplomacie (1922– 1993) Dornfeldt, M. – Seewald, E.: The history of German-Slovak diplomacy (1922– 1993) Dinuš, P. a kol.: Október 1917 a súčasnosť Dinuš, P. a kol.: October 1917 and the present Krastev, I.: Čo príde po Európe? Zanikne Európska únia podobným spôsobom ako habsburská monarchia? Krastev, I.: After Europe? Fukuyama, F.: Identita Fukuyama, F.: Identity Sťahel, R.: Pojem krízy v environmentálnom myslení Sťahel, R.: The concept of crisis in environmental thinking Perný, L.: Vybrané kapitoly zo súčasnej anglo-americkej sociálnej filozofie: liberalizmus, komunitarizmus, neomarxizmus Perný, L.: Selected chapters from contemporary Anglo-American social philosophy: liberalism, communitarianism, neo-Marxism

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Postmoderný apokryf Pétera Esterházyho: „Jednoduchý príbeh čiarka sto strán – verzia podľa Marka“

Author(s): Judit Görözdi / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2020

Questions concerning God and creation are constants in the prozaic work of Péter Eszterházy and constitute a topic which the author approaches mainly through the prism of an individual confronted with historical circumstance. This study is a reading of the novel Egyszerűtörténet vessző száz oldal – a Márk-változat (A Simple Story Comma One Hundred Pages – the Mark Version, 2014), which portrays the dark communist 1950’s in Hungary via paraphrasing of the gospel. The concern here is mainly with aspects of the textual expressionof religious experience, which includes philosophical and phenomenological questions about the possibilities of articulation and expression of the individual (emotional) testimony of faith. The analysis looks at perspectives as represented by the two main characters. The one represents silence as the true communicational space for the relationship with the transcendent, the other represents the alternative of a linguistic approach (writing a story about God asimitation, as a ritual mastery, as betrayal). The study approaches the historical circumstances of the narrative as a theodicy, i.e. as an attempt to understand the meaning of the passion story in the broader context of human history.

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Obraz transcendentného domova v diele Jana Čepa

Author(s): Ján Gallik / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2020

The Czech writer, essayist and translator Jan Čep (1902–1974), whose work displays his Catholic orientation, is considered to be one of the most original and thoughtful Czech Christian thinkers. This interpretation of selected works by Čep aims to build on existing research, to deepen the views of his artistic language and imagery, and to analyse the means of expression created by the author’ s philosophical-reflexive and meditative lyrism, often alluding to a contemplative position. In a special way, the metaphysical image of the dual home (first homeas a temporary dwelling for earthly existence, which is the image and parable of the second – permanent – home in heaven) emerges from the poetics constituted in this way (based on both artistic and spiritual vision of the world), which thematically reads from Čep’ s transcendent experience. In this analysis, the phenomenological view appears to be an adequate methodological approach alongside literary interpretation.

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Recenzie a anotácie

Author(s): Tomáš Profant,Peter Dinuš,Břetislav Horyna,Mátyás Szuri / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2020

Review of: Chertkovskaya, E. – Paulsson, A. – Barca, S.: Towards a Political Economy of Degrowth, London – New York : Rowman and Littlefield International, 2019, 271 s., ISBN 9781786608963. Novosád, F.: Zabudnúť na Marxa (Forgetting Marx), Bratislava : Iris, 2018, 207 s., ISBN 978-80- 8200-020-0 Dinuš. P. a kol.: Svet v bode obratu. O protirečivosti vývoja civilizácie v 20. a na začiatku 21. storočia (The world at the turning point. On the contradictory nature of the development of civilisation in the 20th and early 21st century), Bratislava : VEDA, vydavateľstvo SAV, 2019, 312 p., ISBN 9788022412278 Öllös, L.: Európai identitás (European Identity), Šamorín : Fórum Kisebbségkutató intézet, 2019, 238 s., ISBN 978-80-89978-09-0

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Parallels between two worlds: Literary science-fiction imagery and transhumanist visions

Author(s): Jana Tomašovičová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The prerequisites for transhumanist visions can be identified on anthropological, social,scientific, and technological levels. But one cannot neglect science-fiction literature, which provides transhumanism with inspiration and literary imagery. This article focuses on three selected motifs in the well-known Foundation series by Isaac Asimov, which discusses in relation to ideas of transhumanism. In the first part, the article highlights the visionary and subversive character of these works and seeks similar traits in transhumanism. The second part discusses big data analysis, which is an important component of literary storytelling and which fuels the development of artificial intelligence, which, according to transhumanists, will lead to the creation of superintelligence. The third motif is the confrontation with beings that possess superhuman abilities, something both Asimov’s work and transhumanist visions deal with and which opens up questions about coexistence with those who are unlike us. Literary and transhumanist visions have multiple parallels and encourage deeper social, ethical, and anthropological analyses of important topics.

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HRUBEC, M. – VORÁČEK, E. a kol.: Čína a její partneři: Interakce v Eurasii. Bratislava: VEDA, vydavateľstvo SAV, Ústav politických vied SAV, 2021, 453 s. ISBN 978-80-224-1877-5

Author(s): Ladislav Hohoš / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2021

HRUBEC, M. – VORÁČEK, E. a kol.: China and its partners: Interactions in Eurasia. Bratislava: VEDA, Publishig House of SAS, The Institute of Political Science of SAS, 2021, 453 p. ISBN 978-80-224-1877-5; ČCHING, Ť.: A Confucian constitutional order. How China’s Ancient Past Can Shape Its Political Future. Praha: Filosofia, Publishing House of the Institute of Philosophy of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 2019, 151 p. ISBN 978-80-700-7600-2

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Umiestnenie každej častice je len dočasné. Procesuálnosť v poézii Kataríny Kucbelovej

Author(s): Viliam Nádaskay / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2024

The article focuses on the second book of poetry by Katarína Kucbelová (b. 1979) Šport ([Sport] 2006). The collection portrays the world as an ongoing process which transforms everything – living and inanimate, abstract and concrete. The processual character of the world in Sport focuses specifically on the body. The reading outlined in the article handles processuality in connection with themes, motifs, and philosophy of life, deriving the essential points of thinking about corporeality from phenomenology. Since Kucbelová’s poetry often refers to the principles of visual and conceptual art, a similar interpretive procedure can be applied to the reading of her writing: her poems connote various spheres of life and in the creative process, she combines these into a more or less unified thought world. Interpretive directions thus variously rely on the idea of processuality and develop it artistically: these encompass such areas as conceptual art, phenomenology, meditation, biology, or somatic aesthetics. Broadly, these insights can be applied to the author’s first three books of poetry, which can be laboriously described as a processual trilogy, since they all manifest an approach to the various spheres of life as processes.

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An Epistemic-Practical Dilemma for Evidentialism

Author(s): Byeong D. Lee / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

There are cases in which epistemic rationality seems to conflict with practical rationality. Evidentialists such as Parfit, Shah, Skorupski and Way deny that there are practical reasons for belief. On their view, the only genuine normative reasons for belief are epistemic reasons, and so the alleged practical reasons for belief are the wrong kind of reasons for belief. But I argue in this paper that the evidentialists can still face a genuine dilemma between epistemic and practical rationality which cannot be resolved on the grounds that the alleged practical reasons for belief are the wrong kind of reasons for belief.

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How to Defend the Law of Non-Contradiction without Incurring the Dialetheist’s Charge of (Viciously) Begging the Question

Author(s): Marco Simionato / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

According to some critics, Aristotle’s elenctic defence (elenchos, elenchus) of the Law of Non-Contradiction (Metaphysics IV) would be ineffective because it viciously begs the question. After briefly recalling the elenctic refutation of the denier of the Law of Non-Contradiction, I will first focus on Filippo Costantini’s objection to the elenchus, which, in turn, is based on the dialetheic account of negation developed by Graham Priest. Then, I will argue that there is at least one reading of the elenchus that might not be viciously question-begging. In doing so, I will leverage, reinterpret and adjust the distinction between two senses of epistemic dependence, offered by Noah Lemos and originally based on some thoughts about George Edward Moore’s ‘proof of an external world.’ The key point of my counter-objection to recover the elenchus is to use the distinction between a necessary-condition relation between propositions (p only if q) and a grounding relation between facts (the fact that an epistemic agent S believes that p is grounded in the fact that S believes that q), where p and q are the content of S’s beliefs.

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Cognition As a Natural Kind

Author(s): Selen Fettahoğlu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In corvids and apes, cognition evolved convergently instead of being inherited by a shared ancestor. In biology, natural kinds are classified according to common ancestry. So, if we were to apply the same strategy to psychology, cognition among corvids and apes would not be the same natural kind. However, Cameron Buckner claims that cognition is a natural kind. I suggest that by using Ladyman and Ross’s strategy of taking natural kinds as real patterns, we can support that cognition is a natural kind. Cognition seems to have the properties of predictability and compressibility, which are necessary conditions for real patternhood. Thus, convergent evolution examples of cognition, such as that found in corvids and apes, can be the same natural kind.

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No Path from Modal Rationalism to Fundamental Scrutability

Author(s): Darren Bradley / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Gabriel Rabin (2020) offers an argument from Modal Rationalism to Fundamental Scrutability. I show that the argument is invalid as stated. I offer two ways of strengthening the argument but argue that neither is effective.

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Sacred Places and Ritual Movement. Notes on the Impact of Space in Bulgarian Folk Customs

Author(s): Bozhidar Parvanov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The following study deals with several key points concerning the ritualised usage of space and place in some of the more indicative Bulgarian folk customs and ceremonies. Although the paper only points out a few examples in which spatial dimensions are examined separately, the overall review shows the consecutive processes in which the intimate symbolic place is achieved and created through social and religious experience. Therefore, the main task is to designate the stages in which space and place acquire their sacred and ritualistic symbolic significance. Another part of the subject matter is the roles of space and place in the process of ritual-building. Ritualised and sacred space and time are the backbone of some of the most significant aspects of social interaction, and even of social structure itself. Furthermore, this study is concentrated on the objective of outlining a research paradigm which will allow a form of constructive analysis to be applied in the isolated study of space in Bulgarian pre-modern culture – a method that has been somewhat lacking within the field of Bulgarian ethnography. The accurate theorising of the ritual aspects of space will contribute to a more complete viewpoint of Bulgarian folk culture.The following study deals with several key points concerning the ritualised usage of space and place in some of the more indicative Bulgarian folk customs and ceremonies. Although the paper only points out a few examples in which spatial dimensions are examined separately, the overall review shows the consecutive processes in which the intimate symbolic place is achieved and created through social and religious experience. Therefore, the main task is to designate the stages in which space and place acquire their sacred and ritualistic symbolic significance. Another part of the subject-matter are the roles of space and place in the process of ritual-building. Ritualised and sacred space and time are the backbone of some of the most significant aspects of social interaction, and even of social structure itself. Furthermore, this study is concentrated on the objective of outlining a research paradigm which will allow a form of constructive analysis to be applied in the isolated study of space in Bulgarian pre-modern culture – a method that has been somewhat lacking within the field of Bulgarian ethnography. The accurate theorising of the ritual aspects of space will contribute to a more complete viewpoint on Bulgarian folk culture.

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The Birth of Philosophy: from Mythos to Logos

Author(s): A. Kadir Çüçen / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this paper is to address a new way of thinking and reveal the very complex transition from mythos to logos at the birth of rational knowledge in the Ancient world. Man uses different sources and types of knowledge to explain what is happening around him; he wants to be able to explain his existence and organise his life. ‘Human beings want to know by nature’, says Aristotle; thus, knowing for man is as basic as his natural needs. Human beings want to know by nature because it is impossible to live without acquiring knowledge. For men, trying to determine their life; knowledge becomes a basic tool. The question of how to be sure that the acquired knowledge is correct is one of the main concerns in philosophy. Therefore, besides the conditions for obtaining knowledge, the criterion for determining the accuracy of that knowledge poses a problem in itself. When employing this criterion in cases where it is not predetermined or where the accuracy of the knowledge obtained is obscure, another ability of man is revealed, namely, faith. Thus, besides the desire to know, there is also a desire to believe. Knowing a situation is closely related to a man’s understanding of that situation. In this sense, sometimes people use ‘irrational’ reasons to explain situations whose underlying causes they cannot rationally grasp. So, in this paper I would like to explore how the knowledge of myth and the knowledge of philosophy are different from each other, and how man transfers knowledge from mythos to logos.

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From Animal to Environment: The Narrative of a Research on Nature from the 18th Century to the Present Day

Author(s): Jean-Luc Guichet / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

This paper is the text of a lecture given at Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski on 2 November 2023 at the invitation of Professor Irena Kristeva. Its purpose is to retrace the path of my research, from the question of the Animal in the eighteenth century to the theme, at the same time, of the environment associated with the construction of the modern Ego and which gave rise to my latest book published in 2020: Figures of the Self and the Natural Environment in the Eighteenth Century. Throughout, the common thread remains to understand the link between these two processes and the new Anthropology being established at the time, whether in terms of the new definition of Man in general in relation to the Animal, or of the Self in relation to the natural Environment. At the same time, this sensitivity to Nature paved the way for our contemporary ecology, both scientific and political.

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Онтологичните основания на прехода към проектизираща общност в метода за философия с деца „Философско чудене“

Author(s): Vesselin Dafov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

Considering the leading position in the ontology of philosophy sessions at present, namely: building of “community of inquiry”, here I discuss the advantages and the horizon that are created to philosophy and philosophizing through the ontology of projectizing (producing, creating) community. The ontologies of research on the one hand and project ontologies on the other differ.In this way, philosophy is engaged with caring thinking on the projectivity beings.

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EDUCAȚIE PENTRU PLURALISM: CUM RECONCILIEM VALORILE RELIGIOASE ÎNTR-O LUME MARCATĂ DE INDIVIDUALISM ȘI EXTREMISM?

Author(s): Bogdan-Paul Ivanov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2024

Globalization, with its inflation of values and pseudo-values or with the various cultural patterns that are strongly promoted, creates an imbalance in the education system. How does a student or pupil resonate with what they learn in school, especially when they are involuntarily subjected to a different kind of education received through media consumption and through exposure to social media, which provides strong models and powerful messages that often obstruct the natural and structured course of education? The blending of values into an amorphous whole neither helps mitigate excesses nor assists in building the identities of each subject of education. When we speak of globalization, we refer not only to the wide circulation of people and goods, but also to the globalization of evils, pseudo-values, violence, religious or political extremism, and misinformation. All these realities, acutely perceived today, compel us to find quick and correct solutions, not merely situational compromises. Are religious values still relevant today in the context of a global world? The answer may lie in the fact that education, globalization, and religious values are three dimensions that deeply interact in contemporary societies, influencing each other in complex ways. Despite the crises that humanity has faced in the last two decades, there remains a consensus on the primacy that any developed society must give to education as an essential shaping factor that can correct certain deviations or create a framework in which diverse values and opinions can coexist peacefully and be properly embraced without any excess.

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