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Stephen Greenblatt. The Swerve: How the World Became Modern. New York: W. W. Norton. 2011.

Author(s): Nikolay Aretov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2015

Stephen Greenblatt tells the story of how Poggio Bracciolini, a 15th-century papal emissary, and obsessive book hunter, saved the last copy of the Roman poet Lucretius‘s On the Nature of Things from near-terminal neglect in a German monastery, thus reintroducing important ideas that sparked the modern age. The author analyzes this development in a very broad cultural and philosophical scale. This review presents the monograph of the so-called New Historicism and its possible applications in Bulgarian scholarship.

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Perspectivizing World Literature

Author(s): Marko Juvan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Rejecting Eurocentrism of the world literature concept, perspectivism promises an alternative to the center/periphery model. Although perspectivism tends to deny the world-systemic asymmetries, it rightly claims that peripheral cultural interaction may bypass global centers, establishing its networks and centers (e.g., the twentieth-century avant-gardes). Moreover, peripheries enable the reproduction and evolution of global metropolises, even though their contribution is exoticized and anonymized. The modernist poetry of Srečko Kosovel (1904–26) illustrates peripheral productivity and its response to evolutionary processes in the center. It also highlights the systemic obstacles that prevent this information from being globalized.

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„Богомилски легенди” на Николай Райнов – неразчетената мистификация

Author(s): Violeta Ruseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

Bogomilski legendi (Legends of the Bogomils) by Nikolai Rainov is a unique book that can be said to have Protean qualities insofar as each of its four editions, published in 1912, 1918, 1938 and 1989, presents a different version of the text. Because of this peculiarity readers’ responses to the book have tended to vary, and even commentaries by professional literary critics have often given the impression of being about totally different books rather than about different editions of the same text. Rainov edited Bogomilski legendi extensively. The book’s four editions differ in a number of significant ways but are best approached as a composite text. This article links the book’s Protean textuality to medieval manuscript culture in which a text existed in several different versions because it was copied by different scribes. The first edition of Bogomilski legendi contains intertextual references to the Bible and The Secret Book of the Bogomils. It also invokes a number of medieval apocrypha which were subsequently brought to the attention of the Bulgarian reading public by the literary historian Yordan Ivanov, who published his Bogomilski knigi i legendi (Books and Legends of the Bogomils) in 1925. The correspondences between the first edition of Rainov’s book and the apocrypha suggest that Bogomilski legendi may be read as a literary mystification. The article presents such a reading.

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Утопичните острови на тропиците – възможни и реални

Author(s): Maya Gorcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

In the European cultural tradition, the image of the islands brings together the geographical strangeness with a social utopia. The paper traces its historical alterations, as attested in documentary and literary travel stories, in comparison with Leibniz's thesis of the “best world”.

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Не животно, а човек

Author(s): Boryana Uzunova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 13/2023

Differentiating „man” from „animal” has never been a simple task of classification. Maintaining a clear and unbridgeable gulf between the two has always been an important condition for domination. Apart from making it „only too natural” for humans to rule over all other beings, this „anthropological difference” can also be used as a powerful mechanism for the subjugation of one group of people to another. Last but not least, the abyss between „animal” and „human” can serve as a guarantee for the existence of higher ontological dimensions beyond the „simple” physiological realm, revealed and/or functioning through human thoughts, words, properties and actions. The early twentieth century marked an interesting watershed in the way humans related themselves to animals. Two leading motifs could be discerned there. On the one hand, there was the burgeoning epistemological pluralism, which couldn't just be brushed aside, but at the same time, the strife for a unifying vision and stable reference points was still alive and well. One of the forms in which these two opposing tendencies found common expression was the philosophical anthropology of the first half of the 20th century in Germany. A meeting would be arranged between biology and metaphysics around the question „What is man?” providing plenty possibilities in an arguably final attempt at co-existing. One of the driving forces of this endeavor would be the restating of the anthropological difference, with a major factor of making it possible to appear as the prodigious ability called „self-consciousness” or „self-reflection”

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Ecofeminist Theology and Fundamentalisms within the Arabic Context

Author(s): Jihan Zakarriya / Language(s): English Issue: 16(45)/2023

The paper seeks to examine and redefine diverse forms of fundamentalisms within modern Arabic contexts employing an ecofeminist theology perspective. Ecofeminist theology analyses varied forms of domination, androcentrism and superiority over women and nature through deconstructing and challenging masculinist interpretations, understandings, and linguistic expressions of religions. Ecofeminist theologians relate religions and humanism as forces of unbiased, uncategorized liberation, equality, and freedom. Although the concept of fundamentalism is controversial for definers, modern and contemporary academia and media relate fundamentalism exclusively to Islam, particularly with the emergence of militant Islamist groups and global terrorist organizations. Fundamentalist movements are hierarchical, essentialist and sexist. Existing scholarship on Islamic fundamentalism lacks the feminist perspective and overlooks important forms of nonreligious fundamentalisms in Arab countries such as militarisms and semitribalisms that participate in the inferior position of women and nature. This paper examines the role of some Arab thinkers in relating women, politics, religion, and nature and specifically refers to Averroes, Fatima Mernissi, Zainab al Ghazali, and Nawal el Saadawi.

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Възможната свобода: от логосна метафизика към метафизична постъпка

Author(s): Ivan Kamburov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article highlights the main points of the specificity of metaphysics in the European philosophical tradition. The division of wisdom as a unity between knowledge and practice in ancient philosophy is emphasized. Kant's thesis that metaphysics is possible only in the realm of practical reason and only as a metaphysics of freedom is recapitulated. The forms of transcendence are revealed. Two approaches regarding metaphysics are analyzed – as a metaphysics of “questioning”, the logos type, and of a metaphysical act as overcoming causal dependencies in human individuality and truly achieving freedom.

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Политическият екзистенциализъм на Карл Шмит

Author(s): Denis Ventsislavov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

This paper aims to examine the existentialist elements in Carl Schmitt’s political philosophy. Such an analytical perspective is necessary so that we can fully understand the ideas of the German thinker. This article concentrates on three of Schmitt’s most serious areas of research: decisionism as a fundamental part of the political, constitutional theory and the concept of the political as a fundamental distinction between friends and enemies. Each of these three moments is deeply existential. Thus, it is that which enables Schmitt to develop an authentic counter-argument to 20th century’s main political ideas. This existential perspective illuminates the essence of Carl Schmitt’s philosophy and provides it with intellectual clarity.

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Към началото на прагматизма в България – възторг и откровение (по повод смъртта на Уилям Джеймс)

Author(s): Stanul Grozev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The text presented here is a part of a broader study on the reception and influence of pragmatism in Bulgaria and emphasizes upon a single, but very important detail – an article by Georgi Minev from 1910, commemorating the death of William James. The article is the first characteristic introduction of the specific philosophical principles of pragmatism presented in our country. As such, it deserves a more detailed examination and analysis in the broader context of pragmatism in Bulgaria.

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Philosophy of Shared Society

Author(s): Albena Taneva,Kaloyan Simeonov,Vanya Kashukeeva-Nusheva,Denitsa Hinkova,Melanie Hussak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Insights on shared society reflect the nexus between collective actions and durable policy for the common good. The study’s core subject is the deeper understanding of the shared society in theory and practice. It helps overcome conflicting perceptions and divides. The main focus is on reasoning challenged by dynamics in democratic societies. The article aims to highlight its framework avoiding simplistic variations of main theses, but presenting new insights into the applications of this theory. It examines the ontological essence within cross-cutting varieties and dimensions of its profile. The philosophy of shared society is also represented in several practical perspectives. These vectors reflect various motivations and perils as links to practice. These links are: reflections on conflict resolution at municipal level in Germany, electoral participation and vote-buying practices in Bulgaria, EU economic integration and reforms to promote a shared and cohesive living.

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The True Sense or to my Only Desire: The Music as a Reason for Sun Reflections

Author(s): Angelina-Ogniana GOTCHEVA / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The article presents musicological and existentialist philosophical discourses on renaissance and baroque structures in the works of two contemporary classical composers. The existentialist point of view is imposed due to the examination of contemporary music works in which historically conditioned practices are also found. Being and Time and Introduction to Metaphysics by Martin Heidegger serve as a starting point for the reflections. The two works D’Om Le Vrai Sens by Kaija Saariaho and Concerto Grosso "Sun Reflections" by Yordan Goshev are stylistically very different but the first bears renaissance and the second – baroque features respectively. In consequence, Der Man or Das Man is defined by the opposition between renaissance humanism and the metaphysics of Being.

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Approaching Edith Stein’s Philosophical Anthropology

Author(s): Marcus Knaup / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

In the following contribution I would like to present Edith Stein´s Philosophical Anthropology in somewhat more detail. I am going to pursue the issue of being human in Stein, to address fundamental issues and key concepts of her oeuvre, to refer to other approaches, to point out to Stein´s innovative contribution to Philosophical Anthropology under the horizon of phenomenology and classical metaphysics. As a preliminary remark, I would first like to outline a few lines of Stein's biography. It is of course also possible to skip the first chapter and go straight to the philosophical considerations.

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Représentations et fonctions narratives de l'empathie dans L'insoutenable légereté de l'etre de Milan Kundera

Author(s): Antoaneta Robova / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2023

Milan Kundera's novels are characterised by a strong intellectualisation of the narrative choices, which includes a very significant essayistic and (self-)reflexive component. The complex composition, irony, and polyphony encourage a slow approach on the part of the reader engaged in a cognitive quest. A recurrent textual strategy in Kundera's novels is to introduce a narrator into the world of fiction. The functioning of narrative empathy and the different representations of affective states are analysed in the novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being through the prism of cognitive literary studies and reception theory. Some narratological devices and approaches are also used to discuss the narrative functions of empathy. Representations of feelings from the spectrum of empathy and reflections on the concept of compassion are integrated into the novelistic fable. They become leitmotifs, capable of stimulating a response in the reader and of triggering affective empathy towards the characters. The reader's cognitive empathy is activated by the mediation of the narrator in this novel, which also thematises the manifestations of empathy and compassion by inserting them into the main storyline. Tomas's empathetic treatment of his partner Tereza functions as a turning point, revealing the existential ambiguity of personal choices. The narrator-mediator constructs the reader's mental image of the implied author and performs a function of activating cognitive empathy in the model reader. The extradiegetic voice provides metanarrative comments and contributes to the participatory involvement of the reader.

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Митологични основи на „изкуството на медицината“ – от етика към морал

Author(s): Ilinida Markova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

How does morality “begin”? Can it be preceded by “something else” and is it the finale of human culturality? Moving through the chronotope, an attempt is made to argue for extra-historicity in order to address the private scientific interest in the “art of medicine.” Historicity is used as a “witness” against itself. The conflation of the mythological, the ethical and the moral seems inevitable, and, at the same time, the need for distinction is imposed. The starting point are mythological figures that are known to have healed both the bodies and souls of mortals and gods. Cognitive acts would not be possible without available landmarks, and humanization is a consequence, not a cause.

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Изкуствен интелект в образованието – предимства, ограничения и етически аспекти

Author(s): Silvia Pencheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Artificial intelligence technologies are constantly advancing and becoming more and more usable in various aspects of our lives. Their use in education has received considerable attention in recent years, with a growing number of educational institutions and organizations exploring the potential benefits of AI-based technologies. One of the latest phenomena is ChatGPT, a chatbot with a conversational AI interface developed by OpenAI. As one of the most advanced applications of artificial intelligence, ChatGPT has attracted much public attention worldwide. This article presents several potential advantages, limitations, challenges and ethical aspects related to the use of ChatGPT in educational settings.

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Ethical Problems of Forecasting in Practical Geopolitics

Author(s): Vihra Pavlova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Practical geopolitics is identified as a real or declarative applied activity. It is characterized by a high degree of institutional commitment and subjectivism, presented in the form of political expediency. In practical geopolitics, forecasting is carried out in the depths of the so-called “analytical centres” or “think tanks,” claiming to shorten the distance between academic works and policies, providing intellectual products that reach the general public faster and that are more accessible to incumbent politicians who are “too busy” to engage in more thorough analyses. However, their conceptual results rather tend to crowd out fundamental research, because the latter influence decision-makers in the long-term perspective and make a significant contribution to the construction of the cognitive structures on which the leadership relies when determining its foreign policy approaches.

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Спортните субкултури – какво ни казват за днешните младежи?

Author(s): Boryana Angelova-Igova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Sports subcultures are a relatively new social phenomenon. Their members are mainly young people looking for self-expression through their improvement in a given sport. The research into these subcultures provides valuable information about the value system of adolescents and their aspirations for realization. Our study can help form pedagogical methods and approaches to youth. The behaviour of adolescents, their way of life and desires are also an important characteristic of modern Bulgarian society. The study shows that, despite the burden of young people as a result of the digital exposure to new technologies, a generation is growing in Bulgarian society that is ready to step out of its comfort zone and to prove itself “physically” through its skills and desire to distinguish itself from the rest with abilities, not with material possessions.

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Identity of a Thinker, or Rereading Böhme and Heidegger on Dwelling (Wohnen) for Environmental Ethics

Author(s): Magdalena Hoły-Łuczaj / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The paper re-examines the work of Jakob Böhme (1575–1624) through the lens of environmental ethics. Specifically, it delves into the concept of dwelling (wohnen) as articulated in Six Theosophic Points (1620), The Six Mystical Points (1620), and On the Early and Heavenly Mystery (1620). To illuminate the significance of this concept for environmental ethics, the paper will juxtapose it with Martin Heidegger’s idea of dwelling. This comparative approach not only sheds light on the environmental-ethical implications, but also allows for a broader exploration of methodological considerations inherent in such a scholarly endeavor. The paper raises questions about the potential constraints in reinterpreting the intellectual legacy of past thinkers, that is, their identity over the course of the history of philosophy.

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Boris D. Grozdanoff, Zdravko Popov and Silviya Serafimova (eds.). Rationality and Ethics in Artificial Intelligence

Author(s): Lilia Gurova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Book Review: Boris D. Grozdanoff, Zdravko Popov and Silviya Serafimova (eds.), Rationality and Ethics in Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2023, 221 p. ISBN: 978-1-5275-9441-8

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Имануел Кант за свободата като морална категория

Author(s): Nikolay Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the birth of the great German thinker and philosopher Immanuel Kant and analyzes his conceptions of the moral category of freedom. Based on a review and analysis of the philosopher's ideas in the three "critiques" and his other writings, an attempt is made to determine the specificity of Kant's understanding of moral freedom, as well as to find the connections it makes to some modern dimensions of the problem. Comments of Bulgarian and foreign philosophers on the relevant topic, which enrich the existing knowledge on the problem, are also examined. Conclusions concern the enduring importance of Kantian ideas for modern notions of freedom, publicity, independence, and the significance of truth.

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