We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The Spirit of Totalitarianism, that is entirely within the idealist project, according to Popper, opens the way to a normative order ‘Normalizing’, where the company will be divided into what are known as ‘normal’ and those that will be designed as ‘lunatics’. So, ‘normal’ are those who maintain totalitarian spirit, which produces them, and aims totalitarianism. These ‘normal’ are nothing but some mechanics that absorb different ideologies.
More...
In her work, Hannah Arendt has devoted a great attention on the character of the crisis in the modern society. To achieve this, she needed to understand the past and she often repeated the William Faulkner’s aphorism: “The past is never dead. It’s not even past.”Therefore, those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it, because the world we live in, is a world that comes to us from the past. Her reflections on the notion of the responsibility have taken a special importance for every society that emerges from a totalitarian regime, especially when her work about Eichmann’s process was criticized.
More...
Subjekti është një ndër konceptet filozofike më të debatueshme në historinë e filozofisë moderne. Si një koncept i tillë, ai zë fill qysh në antikitet. Që nga Sokrati, sidomos Platoni e deri në ditët e sotme është problematizuar si koncept filozofik.
More...
Mathematics, as Eugene Wigner noted, is unreasonably effective in physics. The argument of this paper is that the disproportionate attention that philosophers have paid to discrete structures such as the natural numbers, for which a nominalist construction may be possible, has deprived us of the best argument for Platonism, which lies in continuous structures—in fields and their derived algebras, such as Clifford algebras. The argument that Wigner was making is best made with respect to such structures—in a loose sense, with respect to geometry rather than arithmetic. The purpose of the present paper is to make this connection between mathematical realism and geometrical entities. It thus constitutes an argument against formalism, for which mathematics is merely a game with humanly set rules; and nominalism, in which whatever mathematics is used is eliminable in the final analysis, by often insufficiently specified means. The hope is that light may be cast on the stubborn mysteries of the nature of quantum mechanics and its mathematical formulation, with particular reference to spinor representations—as they have been developed by Andrej Trautman. Thus, according to our argument, quantum mechanics (QM) may appear more natural, as we have better reasons to take spinor structures as irreducibly real, a view consonant with the work of Trautman and Penrose in particular.
More...
This review pertains to the book Evolutionary Theology (Teologia ewolucyjna) written by Wojciech P. Grygiel and Damian Wąsek. The book presents a distinct and modern viewpoint on theology by offering a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of theological language and utilizing it to reevaluate certain theological beliefs, such as the concept of original sin, within the framework of the ever-changing understanding of the Universe. This approach contributes significantly to the restoration of theology’s credibility in modern culture by bridging the gap between science and theology.
More...
In philosophy, it is always refreshing to introduce unconventional ideas. It requires a certain audacity from the author; he or she may face the wall of silence or be shunned by academia, both treatments being undesirable. However, these are more rewarding than gathering laurels for beating the dead philosophical cats like Humes, Leibnitzs, Wittgensteins, Whiteheads, and others, a practice that for many philosophers is their life's opus. Bartłomiej Skowron’s book Part and Whole: Towards Topo-Ontology, published by Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej in 2021, certainly does not fall into this category. Skowron undertakes a discovery trip into an unknown land in his book, exploring new philosophical territories.
More...
The article presents an overview of Grice’s notion of implicatures with a focus on the interpretation of quantitative (scalar) implicatures. Processing an implicature in the case of scalar implicatures is based on automatic understanding of expressions that are part of a linguistic scale. Such linguistic scales are sequences of terms where the use of the stronger term implies the weaker one or the use of the weaker term implies the negation of the stronger one. With examples that affirm the linguistic intuitions of members of a language community, it is illustrated that within these scales, the meaning of expressions is used with varying degrees of strength according to the speaker’s meaning.
More...
The purpose of the article is to present the role and significance of Hesiod's poetry for the formation and development of the moral canon and the moral-philosophical thought of ancient Greece. For this purpose, the text traces and analyzes various biographical information, comments and evaluations about Hesiod's life and work. Special attention is given to the uses and meanings of the world ethos by Homer and Hesiod and their evolution under the influence of Hesiod's moral maxims (gnomes) in „Works and Days “. The main conclusion is that Hesiod's individualized, systematic and rational reading of archaic myths played a decisive role in the transition from myth to logos and the formation of the moral-philosophical views of ancient Greece about the happy life, the good person and the ideal state.
More...
The article is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the birth of the great German thinker and philosopher Immanuel Kant and analyzes his conceptions of the moral category of freedom. Based on a review and analysis of the philosopher's ideas in the three "critiques" and his other writings, an attempt is made to determine the specificity of Kant's understanding of moral freedom, as well as to find the connections it makes to some modern dimensions of the problem. Comments of Bulgarian and foreign philosophers on the relevant topic, which enrich the existing knowledge on the problem, are also examined. Conclusions concern the enduring importance of Kantian ideas for modern notions of freedom, publicity, independence, and the significance of truth.
More...
Paweł Szczerbic (1552–1609), a lawyer, owner of a publishing house in Lwów, translator of works on law and politics ("Speculum Saxonum", "Ius municipal", "Politicorum sive civilis doctrinae libri sex" of Justus Lipsius) is still a little-known figure who was considered a highly recognized scholar of his epoch; Bartłomiej Paprocki (c. 1543–1612), for instance, regarded him as a man of virtue and wisdom, while Szczerbic himself discredited his own abilities. Nowadays, on the one hand, Szczerbic is considered one of the most outstanding translators of legal, philosophical, and political works of the Renaissance, who skillfully manages the language, but on the other hand, in terms of legal matters, remains overshadowed by Bartłomiej Groicki and his translations, whereas in terms of philosophical and political matters his works are compared to the unrivaled model of Lipsius. Who exactly was Paweł Szczerbic? This article aims to delineate the figure of Paweł Szczerbic and his workshop on the basis of his own comments included in dedications, forewords or title pages of published works; documents or linguistic analyses of any sort are not taken into consideration.
More...
The article deals with the issue of autonomous learning in the context of religious education. It offers a definition of autonomous learning and its characteristics. Autonomous learning is subsequently included in the context of religious education. The implementation of autonomous learning in the teaching of religious education is carried out based on the competency model of religious education, which is part of the prepared curriculum for this subject in Slovakia. The paper justifies using autonomous learning in religious education regarding this teaching model and presents autonomous learning as one of the possible forms of acquiring religious knowledge and developing religious competences and connecting them with other subjects and with everyday life.
More...
Is something calling us? Maybe the heart knows something we love, but the head is not aware of or does not believe in it. In cultures driven by patriarchal modes more remains unconscious than needs to because we lack the means to contact deeper dimensions which could be inherently alive. The narrowing of epistemology is a loss of self. Considering whether the heart has qualities of self, dream, and desire may provide a framework to recognise it in an embodied education and to liberate ways of knowing that can deepen subjectivities and enable potentials that were interrupted to begin ripening again. It may also encourage us to consider our relational agreements and to create educational spaces that refine attention to the hosting of futures. Setting up mirrors to make the heart more cognisable may revive individualities and what is meant to be in the world.
More...
The paper attempts to answer the questions of what learning from negativity of experience perspective is and if it could become the right way of teaching and learning morality at school. It consists of three sections. The first one explains the fundamental distinction between negative moral experiences and negativity of moral experience. In the second section, the author’s attention focuses on the possibility of didactic application of teaching and learning from negativity of experience. The last section contains J. F. Herbart’s concept of educative guidance as a permanently valid theoretical framework for contemporary moral education at school.
More...
Strategic leadership deals with, for example, ethical dilemmas. The article addresses differing worldviews in relation to decolonising the curriculum, and how to assist cross-cultural professionals’ behavioural learning. Within pedagogics, critical thinking, based on normative rationales, allowing educational interventions, or concepts, other than empirically proven only is revealed. The common denominator of worldviews appears to be virtues. Descriptions of virtues need translation to touch on professionals. A practical intervention is introduced.
More...
Many famous philosophers visited Latvia during its first period of independence (1918–1940). In 1924, philosopher Oswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler (1880–1936) gave a speech in Riga about Western civilization. German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) lectured in Riga in 1928. The same year, German psychologist and philosopher William Stern (1871–1938) conducted a series of lectures in Riga. Philosopher Rudolf Eucken (1846–1926) was one of the first influential philosophers to arrive in the newly founded country. The purpose of the article is to outline why the philosopher came to Latvia, which thinkers he met in Riga and Liepāja, and what were the consequences of Eucken’s visit. Although Eucken was a well-known philosopher, he is now regarded as one of the forgotten thinkers. However, during the last two decades, when interest in German thinkers of the late 19th century has grown, significant steps have also been taken to recognize and research Eucken’s legacy. Dr. Frank Kuhlemann, a professor at the Technical University of Dresden, led the project to examine how Eucken’s philosophy influenced the German intellectual environment of the first half of the 20th century. The research resulted in several academic publications. At the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Eucken’s archive was researched. Published research and archival materials provide insight into some aspects of Latvian intellectual history. Several Baltic Germans from Latvia and some Latvians were Eucken’s students; for example, one of the first Latvian philosophers Pēteris Zālīte (1864–1939). He wrote to his former professor when the University of Latvia was founded to seek assistance in recruiting professors. He also invited the philosopher to come to Riga and give a guest lecture. It appears, though, that the philosopher’s trip to Latvia was primarily driven by concerns with cultural policy. The official Erich Krahmer-Möllenberg (1882–1942), who wanted to increase German influence in Latvia, persuaded the philosopher to travel to Riga. Eucken delivered lectures in Riga and visited the University of Latvia, libraries, and schools. The philosopher met not only with Baltic Germans but also with professors at the University of Latvia. While meeting with Latvian scientists, he expressed hope that in the future, Baltic Germans and Latvians will be able to cooperate in the field of science. In Liepāja, the philosopher met with representatives of Freemasonry. Following his visit, the Eucken League (Euckenbund) opened a section in Riga. Did the relationship between Germans, Baltic Germans, and Latvians grow stronger because of Eucken’s visit? As noticed by the ambassador of Germany to Latvia, Adolf Köster (1883–1930), Latvians perceived the events organized by the Germans in Latvia as meant for the Baltic Germans. These events did not promote unity – on the contrary, they promoted division. Eucken’s visit was no exception.
More...
This paper attempts to map the state of character education at selected faculties of education in the Czech Republic. The aim of the study was to analyze courses from education and psychology modules of teacher training study programmes to find out to what extent the courses match the prototype of character education designed by McGrath (2018). Qualitative content analysis of the course descriptions showed that only a small number of the courses match the prototype in all the criteria, but many courses contain several aspects of character education.
More...
Rooted in the dystopian tradition, 2084 : la fin du monde [2084: The End of the World] by Algerian author Boualem Sansal stands out for its inclusion of elements reminiscent of the philosophical tale, particularly Voltaire’s Candide ou l’Optimisme [Candide, or Optimism], such as the use of descriptive intertitles in the form of completive propositions, the schematic nature of the characters and the use of irony. It is this second generic affiliation that we will focus on in this article.
More...
AIs and vaccines can be of great benefit for humanity, e.g. vaccines vs COVID-19 and vs conceivable future pandemics. The author is sure that there are urgencies; firstly, it should be tried to allow protection alternatives – which are sufficiently save according to authorities – in healthcare, for which results are computed here using official data from 1990 till Jan 26, 2024; secondly, it could be considered to treat an AI – chatbot, robot, etc. – not badly, also if an AI is neither conscious nor sentient. The author sketches how it could be beneficial also for whole society, science, vaccine and AI developers. Due to a new reason using a previous study based on math ideas, e.g., the author inevitably tries to treat all entities (e.g. humans and AIs, also if AIs are neither conscious nor sentient) ethically and at least cheaply altruistically; in future it could conceivably yield that all entities – e.g. persons and AIs, including AIs which are neither conscious nor sentient – could increase probability for such behavior, with benefit for all.
More...
