„ICEBERG PROJECT” ZE ZJEDNOCZONYCH EMIRATÓW ARABSKICH – CZY INICJATYWA TA JEST ZGODNA Z PRAWEM MIĘDZYNARODOWYM?

Author(s): Mateusz Osiecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

In the ongoing climate crisis, more and more states of the world undertake initiatives that would reduce negative impact of dangerous growth of global average temperature, including droughts, drowning of coastal cities and water shortage. Recently, an ambitious idea to provide huge supplies of water for the population of the United Arab Emirates was initiated by one of Emirati businessmen – Mr Abdulla Alsheni, who plans to tow a huge Antarctic iceberg to the coast of Emirates. The plan itself is a logistic challenge, but at the same time may raise certain concerns on its compliance with international law. Hereby article has as an aim response to a question whether an act of towing an Antarctic iceberg would breach international law provisions, particularly those related to Antarctic Treaty System and law of the seas.

„Rychlé“ předběžné opatření v kontextu ústavního nálezu sp. zn. III. ÚS 916/1

Author(s): Jana Malá / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2017

The article is dealing with preconditions for precaution according to § 452 Code of Special Court Proceedings and § 924 Civil Code. Particular attention is paid to the question: Can be legal representative´s consent to hospitalization of a minor child be replaced by "quick" precaution? Moreover the issue is discussed in terms of current legislation with emphasis on the judicature of the Czech courts.

„Stará“ a „nová“ dělba moci: nový pohled na starý koncept

Author(s): Adam Blisa / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2018

MÖLLERS, Christoph. The Three Branches. A Comparative Model of Separation of Powers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, 263 s. CAROLAN, Eoin. The New Separation of Powers. A Theory for Modern State. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009, 286 s. VIBERT, Frank. The Rise of the Unelected: Democracy and the New Separation of Powers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007, 199 s.

Система на формите на субективното право

Author(s): Dimitar Hanev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The study is based on the notion that in terms of their formal structure, rights are not monistic entities. This means that in different normative hypotheses the internal potential for their realization can manifest itself in different forms. The question of what these forms are, how they should be named, and whether they can be differentiated in a way to form a coherent and comprehensive system, describing the overall structure of the notion of subjective right, is the main subject of this paper. In order to clarify it, an attempt has been made to shed light to a number of other problem areas in the territory of this fundamental legal concept, with a special emphasis on the nature of absolute rights.

СИСТЕМАТИЧНА УРЕДБА НА СЪВРЕМЕННОТО ФИНАНСОВО И ДАНЪЧНО ПРАВО И НА РИМСКОТО ФИСКАЛНО ПРАВО

Author(s): Juan Manuel Blanch Nougués / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The article looks at Roman financial and tax law, united under the name „ius fiscale“, as distinct from „ius fisci“. Fiscal rights and obligations of individuals as taxpayers are defined. Particular attention has been paid to the tax jurisdiction and to some of the tax cases discussed by Calistrat. The author assumes that, although the regulation of fiscal issues in ancient Rome is too close to modern times, the systematics and some institutes that look nominally identical cannot be fully understood.

СИСТЕМНОСТЬ ПРАВА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ЕЕ ОСНОВАНИЙ И ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРАВОВОЙ АНАЛИЗ

Author(s): Maksim Valerievich Voronin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2014

Based on the elaborated general theoretical conception of the foundations and individual manifestations of the systemic nature of law, the article highlights the main interpretation of the systemic nature of law as an ability of law to create systems of legal rules. The author studies the foundations of the systemic nature of law, i.e. social relations in their systemic interaction, state-willed nature of law, legal policy, and principles of law. These foundations are the same for different legal systems. An analysis of such manifestations of the systemic nature of law as the variety of types of legal rules and their structuredness is made.

СИСТЕМОУТВОРЮЮЧА РОЛЬ ПРАВОВИХ ЦІННОСТЕЙ ТА НОРМ У ВІТЧИЗНЯНОМУ ДЕРЖАВОТВОРЕННІ

Author(s): Yu. Yu. Kalinowski / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2017

Was investigated the system-forming role of legal values and norms in domestic statebuilding. It is alleged that gradation legal values and their social role determined methodological approaches to thinking: positivist or natural and legal. The dominance of the positivist paradigm in understanding the law contributed to the spread of the twentieth century totalitarian and authoritarian political regimes whose leaders rejected natural law values and norms, replacing their so-called «political expediency» and ideological tenets. Repressive totalitarian political regime found its expression in the first place a significant moral person humiliation, catastrophic possibilities for its fulfillment. That is why the criticism of totalitarianism aims to restore such moral and legal values as human dignity. Was indicated that the rooting of democratic values in the public law and practice of nation-building helps overcome strains of legal awareness and legal culture of the population especially in countries that are reforming their political and legal system. For Ukraine, the crucial problem is legal nihilism overcoming, not only among ordinary citizens as among civil servants, senior politicians and so on. Since it is an example of the latter would encourage the establishment of legal values and statist thinking standards. Was proved that the system-forming role of legal values and norms most clearly manifests in collaboration with other values, especially moral and spiritual. The real upsurge of law and legal values is only possible in conjunction with the spiritual and moral nation flourishing, because exactly free individuals and society with a high level of justice are able to deeply understand the importance of instrumental and spiritual rights standards, apply it in daily life.

Следващите седем на Европейския съюз

Доклади от Седмата международна научна конференция на Катедра „Европеистика“, Философски факултет, Софийски университет „Св. Климент Охридски“, май 2020 г.

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian

This book presents reports from „The Next Seven of the European Union“, Seventh International Scientific Conference of the European Studies Department, Faculty of Philosophy at Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. The conference was held in May 2020 with the support of Hanns Seidel Foundation.

Слобода вероисповести и правни субјективитет цркава и верских заједница у европским земљама

Author(s): Vladimir Đurić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2012

The collective dimension of religious freedom is the legal basis for the autonomous existence of churches and religious communities. The freedom of religion enjoyed in community and freely manifestation of religion or faith are guaranteed by the European countries constitutions. The churches and religious communities are separate constitutional category in most of the constitutional systems. Also, in most countries which were analyzed, the multi – level system of regulation of state church relations and the legal status of churches and religious communities has been adopted. Those issues are governed by different legal acts - not only by the provisions of the constitutions, but also by international treaties, ordinary laws and agreements between state and churches and religious communities. The treatment received by religious communities is determined by the system of sources of law, and vice versa. In all analyzed countries, churches and religious communities do not have identical legal status. Some of them have the status of public law corporations, while some are private law associations. The newly established churches and religious communities in most of analyzed countries acquire legal personality by the formal registrations. To be registered or to be recognized as a public law bodies, or associations with special rights in state legal order, churches and religious communities should meet certain conditions – to gather a certain number of persons, to have own religious teaching, to have basic legal act which regulates organizational structure and member’s rights and duties, to exist a certain period of time before the registration or recognition of special status, as well as to express loyalty to the legal order and to fulfill obligations to the state.

СЛОБОДА ВЕРОИСПОВЕСТИ КАО ДЕО "ИДЕОЛОГИЈЕ" ЕВРОПСКЕ УНИЈЕ

Author(s): Renata Treneska-Deskoska / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 68/2014

It has been already written that Europe is not geographical entity but an „imagined space„, created out of our mental maps. That supports the idea that Europe is entity with fluid borders, which „are matter of ideology and politics rather than cartography„. When EU launched the Common Foreign and Security Policy, it placed human rights at the heart of this ideology and policy. Individual rights, the rule of law and constitutional democracy are condition for EU entry for all countries candidates for EU members. This paper will analyze the meaning and content of the freedom of religion according to the EU standards. The emphasis will be given to the Article 9 of the European Convention of Human Rights and its interpretation by the European Court of Human Rights. The most important cases, in which violation of Article 9 was established, will be analyzed. The importance of the issue of freedom of religion for EU can be seen in the adopted EU Guidelines on the promotion and protection of the freedom of religion or belief on which this paper will also point. Also, this paper will point to the constitutional and legal frame on freedom of religion in Macedonia, as well as to the interpretation of the Constitutional court of the Republic of Macedonia to the freedom of religion. Also, Macedonia was brought in front of the European Court of Human Rights with regard to the Article 9. Case Kosteski v Macedonia is one of the cases with broader meaning in which the issue of the need to prove the belongingness in certain religion, in order to enjoy the rights that belong to the members of that religion was raised. The judicial portfolio of Macedonia in front of the European Court of Human rights regarding freedom of religion will be also subject of analysis.

СЛОБОДЕ; ПРАВА И ДУЖНОСТИ ЧОВЕКА И ГРАЂАНИНА У УСТАВУ СФРЈ ОД 1974. ГОДИНЕ

Author(s): Dragan Stojanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 19/1979

Dans ce travail on a essayé d'exposer les nouveautés les plus importantes de la Constitution de la RSF de Yougoslavie de 1974, dans le domaine des liber¬tés, des droits et devoirs de l'homme et du citoyen. Toutefois, on a effectué dans la mesure du possible les comparaisons avec les déterminations et les solutions de la Constitution de la RSE de Yougoslavie de 1963, c'est-à-dire le travail com¬prend seulement ce qui représente une particularité dans le traitement consti¬tutionnel des droits humains et des libertés. En particulier il faut souligner le fait que la Constitution la plus récente de la RSF de Yougoslavie est restée dans la plus large mesure justement en cette matière fidèle à la Constitution précé¬dente ce qui est compréhensible si on prend en considération qu'il est question des catégories constitutionnelles relativement stables.Dans le premier chapitre du travail est exposée la conception des droits humains et des libertés ainsi que les hypothèses sociales fondamentales de leur réalisation.Dans le deuxième chapitre du travail sont marquées les caractéristiques les plus importantes des nouveaux droits socialistes autogestionnaires dont la plupart représente une nouveauté non seulement dans la constitutionnalité yougo¬slave, mais aussi dans la constitutionnalité mondiale. Il est question seulement des droits suivants: le droit à l'autogestion, le droit au travail avec les instru¬ments de travail sociaux, le droit de l'homme à un environnement sain, le droit de l'homme de décider librement de la naissance des enfants, le droit du citoyen au logement dans la propriété sociale, le droit et le devoir des citoyens de parti-ciper à l'auto-protection sociale et le droit d'être informé.Enfin, dans le troisième chapitre est exposé le système constitutionnel de la protection des libertés et des droits. Il est compréhensible que, en prenant en considération le caractère du travail, nous n'avons pas présente un tableau complet du système constitutionnel de la protection des libertés et des droits, mais nous nous sommes contentés de développer certains nouveaux éléments de la protection. En premier lieu on pense à l'apparition des tribunaux autoge¬stionnaires et de l'avocat social de l'autogestion et au rôle quelque peu modifié de la justice constitutionnelle dans la protection des libertés et des droits in¬dividuels.

Слово о слободи

Author(s): Božidar Grujović / Language(s): Serbian

Служебните кабинети в България – изключение или стандарт

Author(s): Ani Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

In Bulgarian society, there is a discussion about the importance, role, place and powers of the official government, including whether this institute should continue to exist after Bulgaria is a parliamentary republic. According to the Constitution, caretaker governments ensure the functioning of the executive power and the implementation of state policy, after it is impossible to form a regular government. They are not formed by the parties and coalitions in the Parliament, but are appointed by the president, with a limited term and a specific task - to prepare and hold early parliamentary elections. Although they are appointed by the head of state, they do not change his function as a balancing, equidistant body with neutral authority.

СЛУЧАЙ НА ПОКУПКО-ПРОДАЖБА С ДЕФЕКТ В ПОЕЗИЯТА НА ХОРАЦИЙ

Author(s): Maria Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The Roman literature is an important source of the Roman law. The article examines the initial text of a letter from the poet Horace to his friend Flor. The letter is devoted to literary questions, but the issues discussed in the poetic art, the author used metaphorically different legal situations as in this case - purchase of property for the shortcomings.

СЛУЧАЈЕВИ „НЕСТАЛИХ БЕБА“: УСТАВНИ СУД vs. ЕВРОПСКИ СУД ЗА ЉУДСКА ПРАВА?

Author(s): Marija Draškić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

The author comments on the decision of the Constitutional Court in the Case of G. R. and draws attention on the fact that although the allegations and claims of the applicant in this case are substantially similar to the assessments of the European Court of Human Rights in the Case of Zorica Jovanovic v. Sebia, the facts and circumstances established by the Constitutional Court in the constitutional appeal Case of G. R. are significantly different from the facts established by the European Court in the Case of Zorica Jovanovic v. Serbia. Therefore, the first and most important consequence of the Constitutional Court decision reviewed in this article is to learn that all so-called “missing babies” cases – both before the domestic public authorities as well as before the European Court of Human Rights – are not the same. Contrary to the findings of facts by the European Court of Human Rights in the judgment Zorica Jovanovic v. Serbia (it is noted that the body of the applicant’s son was never released to the applicant or her family, the cause of death was never determined, the applicant was never provided with an autopsy report or informed of when and where her son had allegedly been buried, and his death was never officially recorded) from the documentation that has been filed with the Constitutional Court follows that the constitutional complain ant could not have had any doubts regarding the report on the death of his children or uncertainty about the “crucial factual or legal issues” i.e. credible information as to what really happened to his children. The Constitutional Court also found that all the neatly guided medical protocols with data on the health status of twins, undertaken diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, anamnesis and discharge lists were delivered to the complainant. Unfortunately, despite all the efforts of doctors to save two premature infants, who were born with serious deficits in their basic functions, a fatal outcome was inevitable. The Constitutional Court also found that the facts of birth and death of both children were properly recorded in the Birth and Death Registers, that the parents did not respond to the call of the medical institution to bury their children, and that there is a credible evidence that funeral was carried out in the organization and at the expense of the Institute for neonatology, where children were treated and where a lethal outcome was performed. Therefore, the foregoing considerations were sufficient to enable the Constitutional Court to conclude that allegations of the complainant that he had no credible information about what happened to his children were unfounded in regard to allegations of violation of the right to respect for family life under Art. 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

СОГЛАШЕНИЕ О ВРЕМЕННОМ ПРИМЕНЕНИИ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ДОГОВОРОВ

Author(s): Gennadiy Irinarkhovich Kurdyukov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2014

The article deals with the institution of provisional application of international treaties. The rules of treaty law and the national law of the Russian Federation are studied. Provisionally applied treaties are officially published and are included in the Russian legal system.

Солидарен станбен фонд – потреба и перспектива

Author(s): Živko Mitrevski,Inda Kostova Savić / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 6/2010

Resolving the housing issue is solving one of the basic existential needs of every worker, citizen of the Republic of Macedonia. With the Constitution, as well as with the signing of the European Social Charter, the Republic of Macedonia accepted the obligation to promote the material, legal and social protection of the family life by taking appropriate measures, such as encouraging the housing construction. With the adoption of the Law on Housing in 1998 ("Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia" No. 21), the category of socially owned apartments was abolished and the apartment started to be treated as an economic category. With the termination of the construction of socially-owned apartments, the housing issue was solved, and it was solved, according to personal possibilities, mostly with housing loans with high interest rates. Unemployment and low wages additionally adversely affect the decline in the living standards of citizens, thereby reducing the opportunities for housing provision. The inability to solve this life-threat is one of the main reasons, especially for young people, for leaving a job abroad. For the Federation of Trade Unions of Macedonia, housing is an important segment in the construction of a welfare state, as declared by the Republic of Macedonia. Therefore, the CCM's program strategy is, among other things, the commitment to conduct adequate housing policy in the country, which has a strong impact on the provision of living standards for workers and citizens of the Republic of Macedonia. In order to contribute to the creation of more favorable conditions for solving the housing issues of the workers and the citizens, and thus to contribute to greater motivation and productivity in the work, SSM launched an Initiative for the Republic of Macedonia, establishing a solid housing fund in the Republic of Macedonia.

Социалните нагласи като критерий за конституционност

Author(s): Blagoy Deliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Social attitudes are a set of conscious and unconscious behavioral habits, prejudices, stereotypes. They have objective consequences in reality. Their effect is to preserve personality and order in society. The article traces the regulatory effect of certain social factors in the creation and implementation of constitutional norms. The law does not cover the intuitive manifestation of these factors, but they can be explained rationally through the effect of attitudes.

СОЦИЈАЛНА СИГУРНОСТ И СТАБИЛНОСТ РАДНИКА ПРЕМА НОВОМ УСТАВУ СФР ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ

Author(s): Dušan Paravina / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 14/1974

Dans l'introduction de son étude l'auteur part de la constatation, sous le titre ci-dessus mentionné, que l'une des plus importantes qualités de la nouvelle Constitution delà RSF de Yougoslavie est la tendence de consolider et d'élargir davantage le rôle et l'influence de la classe ouvrière sur tous les rapports sociaux notre pays. On se dirige vers ce but par la voie de la garantie adéquate de la position des ouvriers au sein des organisations fondamentales et des autres organisations du travail associé, au sein des communautés et des organisations d'intérêts, socio-politique et autres, au moyen du système optimum des garanties individuelles personnelles de la sûreté matérielle et sociale et de la stabilité de chaque ouvrier individuellement. Dans les lignes suivantes, en s'en tenant à la lettre et à l'esprit de la nouvelle Constitution, l'auteur rappelle en quelques traits principaux les catégories fondamentales de l'organisation socialiste en Yougoslavie dans le cadre desquelles est ensuite concentree toute l'attention aux principes et aux solutions de la Constitution qui exercent une influence directe su la sûreté sociale, matérielle et morale et la stabilité de l'ouvrier considéré individuellement.,,La classe ouvrière et tous les travailleurs assurent également par le pouvoir de l'Etat et les normes obligatoires pour tous, les rapports socio-écono- miques socialistes..." dans les principes fondamentaux IV). Eu égard à ce qui précède au commencement de la deuxième partie de l'étude sous le titre mentionné plus haut sont exposés les pouvoirs de la fédération dans les domaines qui eaercent l'influence sur la sûreté sociale et la stabilité de l'ouvrier considéré individuellement. Dans la suite on procède avec différenciation à l'étude de la condition de l'ouvrier considéré individuellement. Il est questions en premier lieu des travailleurs employés dans les organisations fondamentales et dans les autres organisations du travail associé, ensuite de ceux qui sont employés dans les communautés de travail formées en vue de l'exercice des activités qui sont d'un intérêt collectif pour plusieurs organisation de travail et les autres organisations du travil associé, des associations d'affaires, des communautés d'intérêts, des organisations et des communautés socio-politiques, des personnes militaires actives ainsi que des personnes civiles qui travaillent dans les services de la défense nationale de la RSF de Yougoslavie et, enfin, des personnes employées par les employeurs privés.Ensuite sont eâposes les droits de principe de l'ouvrier considéré indivi-duellement, surtout les droits des chapitres deux et trois de la Constitution; l'attention est attirée sur leur sens, leur importance et leur portée.En guise de conclusion l'auteur rappelle, entre autres, que les solutions contenues dans la nouvelle Constitution de la RSF de Yougoslavie sont un fon-dement sûr et un cadre pour le travail ultérieur de tous et de tout autre et même dans le domaine de la consolidation postérieure de la position des personnes employés. La premièer hypothèse pour le sucées. La première hypothèse pour le succès est la connaissance des solutions données. L'élargissement des pouvoirs autogestionnaires et l'accroissement ultérieur des sujets autorisés contribuent à ce que la responsabilité de tous ceux qui y sont appelés soit encore plus grande.

Специални разузнавателни средства и решенията на Европейския съд по правата на човека срещу България

Author(s): Ognyan Stoichkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2022

The decisions of the European Court of Human Rights against the Republic of Bulgaria regarding the use of special intelligence tools have been studied. Some of the decisions also address procedures under the Electronic communications act. The aim of the analysis is to define and systematize the main guidelines of the court in case of non-compliance of the Bulgarian legislation with relevant provisions of the Convention on Human Rights andFundamental Freedoms. Finally, de lege ferenda proposals are presented to improve the regulation.