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The lamp from Kortina near Koper and other bronze lamps of the Adria type

Author(s): Andrej Preložnik / Language(s): English Issue: XXVIII/2019

The unusual bronze lamp discovered in test excavations in 1952 in Kortina near Koper represents the so-called Adria type occurring in the Caput Adriae area in late medieval times and in the early modern age. Scarce archaeological data are supplemented and combined with ethnological and art historical evidence. The appearance and functionality are well explained by ethnographic parallels, whereas the artistic depiction sheds light on various manners of their use. Such a multidisciplinary analysis gives a deeper and at the same time broader approach to this interesting object of cultural heritage.

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Lamps with “temple façade” decoration: witness to urban vitality in the northern and western Black Sea and the ties with Constantinople

Author(s): Laurent Chrzanovski,Denis Zhuravlev,Florin Topoleanu / Language(s): English Issue: XXVIII/2019

The architectural motif in the form of an arch-oncolumns, the titular “temple facade”, decorating the discus of late antique lamps, has been the subject of debate and various interpretations of the meaning without reference to the rendering or the lamp type. An examination of known examples of lamps with this particular motif has identified four different lamp type variants and two main renderings of the decoration. Ovoid lamps bearing a representation of an arch-on-columns, the most numerous among the finds, come mostly from Constantinople and nearby cities, the Black Sea coast and the Danubian sites, the sole exceptions being Egypt (where they appear also in a late variant), Cyprus and Byblos. Reconstructing the distribution of these types and renderings has introduced some “order” into the existing hypotheses and highlighted issues connected with understanding the booming economy of the Pontic area as well as the recently rebuilt Danubian limes fortresses, during their apex, in the 5th and 6th centuries AD. It has also contributed to the discussion aimed at ending the widespread use of the term “Balkan lamps” for products that represent the output of Pontic and Danubian workshops influenced by the Imperial capital in Constantinople.

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Some Hellenistic and late Roman terracotta lamps in the Sinop Archaeological Museum in northern Turkey

Author(s): Gülseren Kan Şahin,Eray Aksoy / Language(s): English Issue: XXVIII/2019

The paper considers some terracotta lamps from recent rescue excavations by the Sinop Archaeological Museum in ancient Sinope, classifying them by types and chronological groups, from the 2nd century BC to the 7th century AD. The lamps represent part of the local lamp-making tradition, which is underinvestigated although equally important as the amphora production industry in this eastern Paphlagonian city.

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Central Asian köshks from the Islamic period before the Mongol conquest: fortified, semi-fortified or unfortified?

Author(s): Piotr Piekarz / Language(s): English Issue: XXVIII/2019

In their external appearance, the Islamic-period köshks in Central Asia, especially the characteristic buildings with corrugated outer walls, dated broadly speaking from the 7th–8th century AD to the times of the Mongol conquest at the beginning of the 13th century, are apparently fortified. However, they lack a number of features characteristic of defensive buildings. Their interpretation as residential structures in this period is indisputed, hence their apparent defensiveness has been attributed to a line of evolution from pre-Islamic architecture of this type, which played a military role. A review of various defensive elements present in these structures, compared with buildings from an earlier period, highlights this process. An apparent exception is the Great Kyz Kala at Merv, Turkmenistan, which may have not lost its defensive capacity immediately, as recent research by the UCL Institute of Archaeology Ancient Merv Project has demonstrated.

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GRAD SENJ U EUROPSKOJ KARTOGRAFIJI 16. I 17. ST.

Author(s): Anna Maria Grüenfelder / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2000

This essay is a contribution to the "Oeco-history" of Senj. This "subaspect of economic and social history researches the natural preconditions of historical events. Landmapes and, in general, illustrations are indispensable and very important sources, as they pretend on geographically preciseness and detailness. Zengg/Senj as an urbane center, situated at the Adriatic-seacoste can be traced on some of the oldest geographical maps dating from the later 16. and the earlier 17. century, represented in the Cartographical collection of the Croatian State Archive. Besides landmapes, important sources are also sketches of the architectonic "stock" (e.g. civil buildings, family-houses, fortresses, walls) and explaining legends, as well as the reports of military engineers on the architectonical status and their proposals for reconstruction. The cited cartographical sources compared with the results of researches in the narrative archivals of the "Kriegsarchiv" (the Court-War-Council's Archiv in Vienna and Graz, als well as the complementary sources of the Slovenian State Archive in Ljubljana) show that it was the crude karst-landscape of Senj as well as its ras climate, which additionally to the vicinty of the (invisible) border-line to the Turkish territories of Bosna blocked the development of traffic, contacts with continental Croatia and the other Inneraustrian provinces. However, Senj which throughout the 16. and the 17. century had to concentrate all its forces on its defension and the protection of its back area, and therefore faced a certain "militarisation", in the sense of subording all other needs to military discipline, did not forfeit its urban image and reputation as an ancient urban center. The autoress faced the need to draw attention on the fact, that the cartographical sources of the historical period in question, which represents the most early cartographical tradition, cannot claim the same high degree of objectiveness as modern cartography. But in comparison to the utmost abstract and symbolic "language" of modern landmapes, these ancient Renaissance-sources offer us a lot of concrete details and, therefor, allow various interpretations. Thus it is indispensable to combine the cartographical researches with archival sources.

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Agrotourism - Source of Income for the Rural Population

Author(s): Petrică Sorin Angheluță,Oleg Margina,Carmen Georgiana V. Badea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The article treats the rural environment of Romania, through developing the agro-tourism with its tourist villages. It highlights the features of agro-tourism in comparison with traditional tourism and the impact of it on local community and local economy as a source of revenues for its rural population. The Romania’s socio-economic development, according to the European standards and requirements, depends largely on rural area development, which is so significant for our country’s international recognition. The problem of the sustainable development of the rural areas constitutes a high priority for Romania in the quality of European Union’s member state. This supposes adopting of a coherent strategy that can realize a balance between the preservation demand of the economic, ecologic and socio-cultural area on one hand, and the tendency of life country modernization, on the other side.

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Olcsó élelmiszer és klímaváltozás, avagy hogyan jutottunk az értéktöbblettől a negatív értékig a kapitalista világökológiában

Author(s): Jason W. Moore / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 29/2021

Capitalism, understood as a world-ecology that joins accumulation, power, and nature in dialectical unity, has been adept at evading so-called Malthusian dynamics through an astonishing historical capacity to produce, locate, and occupy cheap natures external to the system. In recent decades, the last frontiers have closed, and this astonishing historical capacity has withered. This “withering” is perhaps most evident in capitalism’s failure to offer a new, actually productive, agricultural model—as agrobiotechnology failed to deliver on its promissory notes. Moving from bad to worse, a second set of contradictions is now mediated through climate change. Climate change, one among many ongoing biospheric shifts, is interwoven with the totality of neoliberal agriculture’s contradictions to produce a new contradiction: negative value. This signals the emergence of forms of nature that are increasingly hostile to capital accumulation and that can be temporarily fixed (if at all) only through increasingly costly, toxic, and dangerous strategies. The rise of negative value—whose accumulation has been latent for much of capitalist history—therefore suggests a significant and rapid erosion of opportunities for the appropriation of new streams of unpaid work/energy. As such, these new limits are qualitatively different from the nutrient and resource depletion of earlier, developmental crises of the longue durée Cheap Food model. These contradictions, within capital, arising from negative value, are today encouraging an unprecedented shift toward a radical ontological politics, within capitalism as a whole, that destabilizes crucial points of agreement in the modern world system: What is food? What is nature? What is valuable?

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What Happened to Transitional Justice in Croatia after the EU Accession?

Author(s): Lina Strupinskienė,Simona Vaškevičiūtė / Language(s): English Issue: 1(101)/2021

This paper proposes to see Croatia’s becoming a member state of the European Union in 2013 as a particular critical juncture that created uncertainty over the type of decisions the government would take in the field of transitional justice once international pressure had stopped. It compares the period before and after the accession by looking into the three elements of transitional justice policy that were given priority by the EU conditionality framework – fighting impunity for war crimes, fostering reconciliation and respect for and protection of minority rights. It finds that all three have deteriorated in the post-accession period. On the one hand, the findings illustrate the power of international pressure, but on the other hand, they question the overall effectiveness of the conditionality policy, as it seems to not have affected deeper societal issues at stake and has not resulted in true transformation.

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Археологически и геоложки изследвания за възстановяване на моделите на заселване и обитаване по поречието на р. Хаджийска и южните склонове на Еминска планина, България

Author(s): Zhivko Uzunov,Bilyana Kostova,Boyan Dumanov,Irena Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The main objective of this paper is to present the fieldwork results of archaeological and geological investigations in the area of Hadjiyska river and the southern slopes of Eminska Stara Planina in Bulgaria. The area of interest is home to a large number of archeological findings dating back from the Late Antiquity (4-6th c.) and the Middle Ages (7-18th c.), and fewer from older periods (prehistorical, Thracian and Roman periods). Geological observations show presence of alluvial, prolluvial-delluvial, and prolluvial hollocen sediments. Combining the results of archaeological and geological research allowed for (i) the verification of the hypothesis that older archaeological objects are covered by accumulated sediments, and (ii) an attempt to look into the livelihood in the area.

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Viaggiatori Romeni in Italia Dell’Ottocento

Author(s): Nicoleta Silvia Ioana / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2021

Guided by various political, ecclesiastical, scholastic events or by the passion of knowing the beauty of distant lands, especially from Italy, various writers who became memorialist travelers surprised impressions and memories from their travels. They wrote about the people and the places visited in the wandering countries that they then shared with the reader in more or less elaborate form of travel notes, diaries or from complex literary works inspired by their experiences. The information offered by them especially as visitors of the same cities and in Italy seems to show a preference for Rome, Naples, but also Milan, Genoa, is complementary and offers together socio-cultural frescos very close to the reality that they enjoy, thus reconfirming the importance of travel memories.

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Domestic and International Causes of Russian Military Intervention in Ukraine

Author(s): Michał Romańczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2021

The collapse of the Cold War order led to a change in the geopolitical environment of the Russian Federation. The declarations of independence of the former Soviet republics and the emergence of the post-Soviet area had weakened the country’s position. As a result, the Russian Federation has been perceiving this new area as a zone of its ‘vital interests’, and attaining and maintaining dominant position in those territories has been considered crucial for the state’s security, its strength and position on the international arena. Russia has been pursuing its goals in the area through numerous reintegration attempts on political, military and economic levels. To achieve the main political goal, which is the control over the post-Soviet area, the Russian Federation has been also using military instruments. The focal point and purpose of this article is to show the internal and external causes of military intervention of the Russian Federation in eastern Ukraine.

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Metodologija trasiranja cikloturističke rute u koridoru napuštene željezničke pruge

Author(s): Goran Kos,Zoran Klarić,Predrag Brlek,Petar Feletar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 15/2021

Bicyclism has lately become increasingly popular as an activity in which bicycle is used not only as a means of transport, but also as a tourist activity, and a type of recreation useful for human health and considerably environment-friendlier than the use of motor vehicles. This has influenced the process of arranging an ever increasing number of marked and unmarked cyclotourist routes on the existing roads with less traffic in motor vehicles, as well as establishing special bicyclist tracks along the existing roads, and separate bicyclist paths and roads intended for bicyclists only. Particularly popular among them are abandoned railway tracks, which are converted into bicyclist roads, since due to the needs of railway transport, they have relatively gentle slopes. Thus, they are not too demanding for the majority of cyclotourists, whilst their attractiveness lies in the fact that they pass through beautiful landscape. The paper presents the methodology of planning the revitalisation of the abandoned railway track between Bjelovar and Garešnica with a branch line for Grubišno Polje for the needs of developing cyclotourism in the Bjelovar-Bilogora County.

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„Warszawa jest przecież tęczowa”. Obraz przestrzeni miasta w autodziecięcych tekstach kultury nagrodzonych w konkursie varsavianistycznym Muzeum Warszawy

Author(s): Grzegorz Leszczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The analysis of works submitted by elementary and secondary school students to the writing competition organised by the Museum of Warsaw shows that child authors reproduce schematic depictions of the city space, present in guidebooks and on the internet, while avoiding everything that is oriented towards its young and youngest inhabitants and tourists. This results, on the one hand, from the fact that Warsaw inhabitants themselves have no knowledge of places attractive to children and, on the other, from the desire of child authors to adjust their works to the hypothetical expectations of the adult jury. This second reason also results in an overload of facts as well as historical and topographical details. Child authors are not inspired by contemporary literature directed at them, by writers who want to grow up not to be their readers’ teachers, but to be children.

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Reviews

Author(s): Anna Horeczy,Piotr Kuligowski,Maciej Górny,Svetlana Vassileva-Karagyozova / Language(s): English Issue: 124/2021

Reviews of: 1. Saskia Metan, Wissen über das östliche Europa im Transfer. Edition, Übersetzung und Rezeption des “Tractatus de duabus Sarmatiis” (1517), Wien–Köln–Weimar, 2019, Böhlau, 316 pp., 2 tables, 1 ill., index; series: Bausteine zur Slavischen Philologie und Kulturgeschichte. Neue Folge, Reihe A: Slavistische Forschungen, 91; 2. Catherine Brice (ed.), Exile and the Circulation ofPolitical Practices, Newcastle upon Tyne, 2020, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, UK, 225 pp.; 3. Vedran Duančić, Geography and Nationalist Visions ofInterwar Yugo-slavia, Cham, 2020, Palgrave Macmillan, 285 pp., ills, indexes; series: Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe; 4. ЕвелинаДжевиецка [Ewelina Drzewiecka], Юбилейноимодерно. Кирило-методиевскиятразказпрезсоциализмавБългария, София, 2020, Кирило-МетодиевскиятнаученцентърприБАН, 232 pp., bibliography, ills; series: Кирило-Методиевскистудии, 29.

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Opolanie - tożsamość opolska. Wspólna tożsamość mieszkańców województwa opolskiego

Author(s): Paweł Popieliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2021

Review of: Monika Czok, Das Oppelner Schlesien. Die Region, ihre Bewohner und ihre Identität in wissenschaftlichen und publizistischen Diskursen, Beihefte zum ORBIS LINGUARUM, Band 121, Neisse Verlag - Oficyna Wydawnicza Atut, Dresden-Wrocław 2020

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New researches about the intervertebrates from Tinca area, Bihor county, Romania, during 2021

Author(s): Aurelian Leonardo Ilie,Mariana Marinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

In this paper there were presented data about the invertebrates identified from the Tinca area, during 2021. There were recorded 306 species belonging to six classes and 15 orders. There were obtained ecological data of these species, unknown in the scientific literature.

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Species of mammals disappeared from the Fagaras Mountains (Southern Carpathians) and the opportunity of their reintroduction

Author(s): Adrian Mestecăneanu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The opportunity of the reintroduction of some species of mammals in the Făgăraş Mountains, after that the European bison (Bison bonasus) (Linnaeus, 1758) and the European beaver (Castor fiber) Linnaeus, 1758 reintroduction is already in progress, is analyzed in this paper. It was stated that the bobak marmot (Marmotabobak) (Müller, 1766) and the Saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) (Linnaeus, 1766) most likely never lived in the area and their reintroduction is, thus, impossible, the Przewalski΄s horse (Equus przewalskii f. gmelini) (Antonius, 1920)and the Mongolian khulan (Equus hemionus hemionus) Pallas, 1775 probably lived in the historical times in the forests and could be reintroduced, but rather in the nearby plain areas, the aurochs (Bos primigenius) Bojanus,1827 existed in the area until a few hundred years ago, but its reintroduction is unfeasible, because, currently, the species is globally extinct, the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) Linnaeus, 1758 certainly lived here, but its reintroduction depends on the cause and the moment of disappearance, still doubtful, and the elk (Alces alces) Linnaeus, 1758probably survived in the area after 15th century and could be reintroduced, but without the guarantee that it will remain stable in the area.

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ПРИЗНАНИЕТО „ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ НА КЛИМАТА“ И ПОСЛЕДИЦИТЕ ЗА ЧОВЕКА

Author(s): Vladimir Vlaskov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 19/2021

The study addresses two major issues of our time. The first one is relate to the halfway recognition of climate change’s problems, despite even in ever-increasing number of extreme climate events. The second one focuses on the implications for the health and life of people stubbornly left behind, taking into account only economic damage. 306 The data on the trends of the temperature regime on a global scale and in particular of Bulgaria in the last year are present. These temperatures are record at extremely low solar activity, which requires a serious rethinking of the impact of the so-called “anthropogenic” factor on the climate.

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ЛЕТЕН ТЕМПЕРАТУРЕН РЕЖИМ ПО СЕВЕРОЗАПАДНОТО КРАЙБРЕЖИЕ НА ЧЕРНО МОРЕ

Author(s): Vladimir Vlaskov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 20/2021

The development covers a study of the summer temperature regime with the transitions from spring to summer and from summer to autumn in the northwestern parts of the Black Sea basin – the coasts of Bulgaria; Romania; Ukraine and the Crimean peninsula. The specific characteristics of the impact of the sea basin in terms of temperatures are revealed and the trend of their continuous increase is followed. The study is important not only for local and regional tourism; but also for the possible impact of the changing temperature regime on coastal ecosystems.

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ТЕРИТОРИАЛНИ РЕФОРМИ ПРИ ОБЩИНИТЕ В ЕВРОПА И В БЪЛГАРИЯ

Author(s): Desislava Kalcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

In European countries, a significant number of territorial changes have been observed at the municipal level in recent years. Changes are observed both in terms of merging local tertiary units and in terms of creating new municipalities through division. The purpose of this article is to examine the territorial changes that are observed in the municipalities in Bulgaria and in some European countries. The main task is to analyze the reforms, the reasons behind them and the results they lead to.

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