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The article deals with restrictions on the exercise of land rights. Attention is paid to the consideration of the content of the concept of “restriction of subjective right to land” and the views of domestic scientists regarding its definition are analyzed. The classification of restrictions on rights to land by different criteria is proposed. The peculiarities of reconciliation of public and private interests in the establishment of restrictions on the rights to land are explored.
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The history of states situated in Central and Eastern Europe in nineteenth and twentieth centuries differs significantly from the history of contemporary than western democracies. In nineteenth century, when the majority of states in Western Europe have shaped their own models of horizontal and vertical division of powers, states in Central and Eastern part of the continent have fought for their political position in the context of larger, complex states or didn`t exist at the map of the world at all. The short period of peace between the First and the Second World War has allowed for some experiments with democratic institutions and procedures, but there was no time for their consolidation. After the Second World War that part of Europe has fallen under the influence of the Soviet Union, losing the chance to implement political solutions known by the Western Europeans for more than 150 years. The democratic transition, started symbolically in 1989, has allowed to undertake new efforts to establish democratic orders in states of Central and Eastern Europe. However, the horizontal division of powers was far more important than the reflection on necessity of vertical organization of the public authority. Mentioned problems have decisively caused difficulties in defining relations between political centres and peripheries in states of the Central and Eastern Europe. But it does not mean that politically significant processes in these states are taking place only in political centres and their only actors are state-wide-parties. For that reason the main aim of this paper will be to justify the necessity of scientific research concerning regional and ethnoregional parties as well as proto-parties in Central and Eastern Europe.
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This paper explores various abuses Foreign Domestic Helpers (FDHs) or migrant domestic workers (MDW) in Hong Kong suffer and the strategies they take up to cope with this abuse. Data were collected from 215 domestic helpers (135 from the Philippines, 30 from Thailand, 41 from Indonesia, and 9 from Sri Lanka) all of whom had been in residence for at least six months. Selected by snow-balling technique, respondents were interviewed with structured and non-structured questionnaires. Research shows that sexual abuse is the most common form of abuse against MDWs followed by psychological and physical abuses. Female employers are the main perpetuators of psychological abuse while the male employers are culpable for sexual abuses. Coping strategies varied widely among the MDWs. Many of them endure the violence to keep the job; some quit the job and others struggle with the decision to stay or quit.
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Borderland communities hold a strategic position in many countries. However, in spite of this, many of these communities, specifically in Nigeria, are still characterized by neglect and underdevelopment. Based on the above fact, this study explores the service deprivation and coping strategies of rural borderland communities in South-Western Nigeria. The study revealed that the majority of inhabitants of rural borderland (64.0%) get their water supply straight from streams and are bound to cover distances of 500 meters or longer to collect water. Similarly, the majority of them defecate in bush reserves around their houses.
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The project aimed to: a) constitute a diversified strategy of development, adapted to the endogen potential of rural areas; b) strengthen the territorial role of small and medium cities as regional development poles, among others by ensuring their accessibility to the major communication network; c) protect and valorize the natural and cultural heritage in rural development strategies.
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This paper provides an overview of the extreme descriptions of northern peoples, including themes such as cannibalism, human sacrifice, alcohol-addiction and filthiness, in writings of the period from the eighteenth to the early twentieth centuries. These depictions are indicative of cultural barriers, extreme stereotypes and ethnocentrism – all phenomena that were relatively acceptable in the research of that period. In the eighteenth-century accounts, the medieval images were dropped completely and a scientific approach was adopted in the studies of northern cultures. Development of radical accounts of northern peoples in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries should be examined in a wider context of the most influential philosophers of that period.
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This research aims to identify the advantages of cross-border cooperation in tourism in order to remove the barriers that hinder the development of the border areas. The research is based on the literature on the management of cross-border tourism and the results obtained by the Republic of Moldova in the field of tourism following the cross-border cooperation between Romania, Ukraine and Republic of Moldova in Prut river area. In the context of increased flexibility of governance structures and related cross-border regionalization processes, effective cooperation is possible to optimize the use of tourism potential to gain competitive advantage over other regions.
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The author through this research paper tries to find the answers what the actual problems of development and regional markets are. The author explains new tendencies in world economy, regional markets and states’ connections. The author explores the influence of new communication and information technologies on world development and new world order establishing. In this research the author uses different methods as description, prescription, analytical, induction and deduction.
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The greatest problem for such kind of historical cities is reconstruction ways of their structure and types of construction. Considering characteristic cities and regional specifications of Iran by this goal, some researching that belonging to changing possible to environment resolution for their development was carried out. For example, Yazd got the most power in the last periods for out of city buildings according to its natural climate and social-economical opportunities. These are low-storied yard spaces, construction complexes and many-storied buildings. Adaptation matter to historical environment and adaptation character of new viewing buildings and multi-storied buildings of Iran are in other direction fully. It is a separated system of powerfully prepared group construction of multi-sectional manystoried buildings.
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The article presents the ways of granting 73 notarial admissions by the bishops and officials of Płock in the years 1448–1525 and the practice of registering this fact in their offices. It also deals with the creation of notaries and Comes and Vice-Comes persons mentioned in the admissions. Besides, it discusses the admitted notaries public – their social and territorial background, university education, family relations and the course of their career. The conducted studies show that the greatest role among the admitted was played by the Mazovian gentry, first of all in the western part of the Płock diocese and the central part of the Warsaw archdiaconate. The education of notaries public admitted in Płock was comparable to that represented by notaries from other dioceses. They obtained church beneficies in Mazovia relatively often. There, they were active as the clergy of the chapter and the parishes, as well as notaries or teachers. In particular, the present article emphasizes the role of social relations in notarial admission and their effect on further career. The text is complemented with the data base including all discovered information concerning the people who gained the right to perform notarial functions in the Płock diocese and a reproduction of admission entries, which in the majority of cases make it possible to find out the type duct of particular notaries public.
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During the last two thousand years the Western Balkans area has been mainly ruled by external factors, whose governors were mainly interested in personal gain or the exploitation of domestic resources, people and riches. One of the rare individuals who stood out from this general rule was Publius Cornelius Dolabella. His reign, lasting from14 to 20 AD, was marked with the introduction of civilisation values from the developed Mediterranean world into the less developed world of the proto-historic Western Balkans. This was especially crucial if we take into consideration the fact that this was the time of reconstruction after the catastrophe which befell upon the Illyrian lands during the Great Illyrian Uprising from 6 to 9 AD. Dolabella’s activities were mainly focused on the large infrastructural works, such as the building of a road network with a combined length of over 400 Roman miles, which is a feat not even rivalled in modern times. Beside this, Dolabella also undertook another important project by introducing a unified land-registry which was the first of its kind in the Western Balkans. This land-registry would later become the basis for the development of territorial relations.
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The article explores the context of the expansion of Opole Power Plant, which has fuelled new migration patterns in the region of Dobrzeń Wielki. By drawing on the ethnographic fieldwork among construction workers working at the expansion site and living temporarily in the region, it aims to problematise the relationship between their mobile livelihood, agency and affective attunements. It argues that the emergence of late industrialism, which coincided with the neoliberal reconfigurations of global political economy, has produced different modes of uncertainties, forced flexibilities and rather bleak futures.
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This study proposes to analyze the determinants of the volatile situation of Africa and its capacity of adaptation or appropriation of the global stakes, with regard to the current problems of the humanity, described in the work coordinated by the Professor Dumitru Otovescu. Africa is considered here as a field of application since this continent is subject to all attention eye, all anxieties and all hopes. To lead this reflection, three methods of data collection were favoured: First, the ethnographic method which involved neutral direct observation. Observation provides information about social and political actors. Then, the interviews (unstructured, semi-structured and standardized) that gave rise to conversations, formal and informal, conducted on the basis of an interview guide, a questionnaire or a survey, structured around from subject. Finally, the exploitation of newspaper articles, magazines and periodicals, various reports, books, etc. At the end of this work, it is observed that Africa suffers as much as the other continents the volatility of the banking and economic system due to the practice of capitalism. Although sector-specific (developed-country) and global responses have been taken following several global economic and financial crises, Africa has remained isolated and compartmentalized. Today, its galloping demography and the extreme youth of its population as well as the natural wealth at its disposal are the basis of the hope of Africa. In contrast, the segmentation of its economic recovery programs, the tribulations of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), the faculties of its political governance and the recurrence of crises and complex escapes.
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Agri-environmental payments are a key element of the environmental efforts in the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy. Being a voluntary scheme, they can however only be effective if enough farmers choose to participate. While the factors influencing farmers’ decision (not) to participate in agri-environment schemes have been widely studied in the Old Member States, almost no research exists regarding agri-environment scheme uptake in the New Member States. This paper therefore determines which factors motivate farmers in Târnava Mare Region, Romania, to participate in agri-environment schemes, which factors impede the decision to participate, and which lead farmers to quit participation. To do so, the results of 13 case studies of participants, drop-outs, and non-participants are analysed and backed with findings from expert interviews. Results are then compared to findings from Western Europe, revealing significant differences between the decision-making of farmers in Târnava Mare Region and those examined by previous research. Thus, this paper demonstrates that findings from Old Member States regarding agri-environment scheme uptake cannot simply be assumed to hold for New Member States, a fact that should be considered in EU policy making. This highlights the importance of conducting research in Eastern European countries for schemes to reach their full potential across Europe.
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The Disadvantage natural processes, occurring in high-mountainous zone, are reflected on physical-chemical and, consequently, agro production characteristic of soils of alpine and sub alpine meadow. Herewith exists differences of soils on agro production particularity and the other processes, with them bound. In this work are considered natural factors, influencing upon such differences and are presented some way of the achievement of the ecological balance in miscellaneous degree broken lands and way of the realization of natural defence action.
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The Urartian civilization whose center is Tushpa (Van) and is one of the important mining communities that has dominated by the Pre-Asian and especially in Eastern Anatolia region time. Particularly Urartians have rich mineral deposits in the region, BC. Starting from the 1st, Urartians have set an example for Anatolia in terms of mining. The excavation of Urartu settlement centers and grave burial sand the excavation of many metal artifacts made us aware of the socio-cultural structure and art of the period. Data on the Urartian period Urartu period metal jewelery at the Ahlat Museum which constitutes the subject of this article; was obtained from archaeological excavations much more than written documents.
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The most common form is domestic violence against women and children. Violence against women is a common social problem in Turkey. Violence against women includes a variety of different acts, which abused them physically, sexually or emotionally. Today, increasing the presence of many social scientists feel the violence has been the subject of the investigation. This research is conducted on all men and women who reside in the center of Bingöl and their age is 18 and over. The research group is consisted of 524 people 265 of them are women (50.51%) and 259 of them are men (49.42%) residing in Bingöl city center. Two different scales are applied for the purpose of the research. The first of these scales is "Domestic Violence Scale (for women)" and the "Domestic Violence Scale (for men). Both scales are applied separately to men and women. The other one is "Violence Attitude Scale" which is used common for both women and men including 21 questions in the survey. This article contains the findings only "Violence Attitude Scale" obtained from women.
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In recent years, 21st century can be regarded as ''communication age'' due to developments derived from studies based on information and communication issues. Undoubtedly, changes have been observed in both the individuals' daily life and their needs and the quality and quantity of provided services by public institutions with this age. These changes allow citizens transmit their demands directly to the relevant authority, particularly by reducing the bureaucracy with the development of Internet technology. However, at this point, there is a standardization problem in the form of presentation of these services that affect the efficient use of this service. Troubles derived from insufficient disclosure to the audiences can be faced. In this work, the implementations of e-municipal work of Aksaray Municipality will be examined, in the framework of the above-mentioned issues, the question of how more effective and efficient services can be investigated so that the problematic aspects of the services can be eliminated and will be made some suggestions. As methodology, previously conducted similar studies can be tried to apply ongoing problems in the sample of Aksaray province.
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The main purpose of the paper is to familiarize readers with the parish registers kept by the pastors of the Calvinist (French) commune in Szczecin. They allow us to follow changes in the number of births, marriages and deaths among the French community in the city for 220 years (from 1721 to 1943). The article discusses the structure of all of the books kept by the commune as well as the changes occurring in the commune. This material also aims to encourage potential researchers to become interested in the source provided.
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